Chasu
Asu
Atlantic-Congo
Asu (also Pare, Chasu) is a Bantu language of the South Pare mountains in northeastern Tanzania, sister to North Pare Rwa (rwk) within the E.31 Pare cluster. The Pare people (Asu + Rwa together ~640K) have a distinctive iron-smelting tradition that historically supplied iron tools across the Kilimanjaro region. Linguistically, Asu shows typical Bantu E.30 features: ~10 noun classes with concord, complex tonal system, and active morphological aspect. Bible translation work since the 1990s has produced standardized Asu literacy materials, with the Asu New Testament published 2005.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Asu
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo
| Meaning | Asu | Shambala | Nyamwezi | Nyaturu | Rwa | Sena | Maore Comorian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mende /mende/ | mazi /mazi/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | mura /muɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /maʒi/ |
| Fire | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muro /muɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moro /moro/ |
| Sun | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ | saa /saː/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | jua /dʒua/ |
| Moon | mwezi /mwezi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwiri /mwiɾi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Star | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | nyinyiri /ɲiɲiɾi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyora /ɲora/ |
| Night | usiku /usiku/ | kilo /kilo/ | buziku /buziku/ | utiku /utiku/ | kio /kio/ | usiku /usiku/ | uku /uku/ |
| Rain | mvua /mvua/ | fula /fula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mbura /mbura/ | fua /fua/ | mvura /mvura/ | vua /vua/ |
| Snow | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | — | theluji /θeluʒi/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | mboṛongo /mboɾoŋɡo/ | neve /neve/ | — |
| Wind | mpeho /mpeho/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | mburaato /mbuɾaːto/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | pev̄o /peβo/ |
| Earth | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | uteri /uteɾi/ | mataka /mataka/ | trotro /tɾotɾo/ |
| Stone | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | mwala /mwala/ | ɓwe /ɓwe/ |
| Mountain | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | muima /muima/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | uro /uɾo/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | mulima /mulima/ |
| Sea | bahari /bahari/ | bahali /bahali/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | nruva /nɾuva/ | bara /bara/ | ɓahari /ɓahari/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mai /mai/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | ɓaɓa /ɓaɓa/ |
| Daughter | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | mwana wa kika /mwana wa kika/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana mutrumushe /mwana mutrumuʃe/ |
| I | mine /mine/ | niye /nije/ | nene /ˈnene/ | une /une/ | inyi /iɲi/ | ine /ine/ | wami /wami/ |
| You | uwe /uwe/ | weye /weje/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | wawe /wawe/ |
| We | uswi /uswi/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ | iswe /iswe/ | sese /sese/ | ise /ise/ | ife /ife/ | wasi /wasi/ |
| Name | izina /izina/ | zina /zina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | rina /ɾina/ | irina /irina/ | dzina /dzina/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Person | mntu /mntu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ | nndu /ndu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | mutru /mutɾu/ |
| Head | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwe /mtwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | nrwe /nɾwe/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | shitswa /ʃitswa/ |
| Eye | iiso /iːso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ | iriso /iɾiso/ | diso /diso/ | dzitso /dzitso/ |
| Ear | isikio /isikio/ | shikio /ʃikio/ | itwi /itwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | kuri /kuɾi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kio /kio/ |
| Nose | fua /fua/ | mpua /mpua/ | nindo /nindo/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | — | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | pua /pua/ |
| Mouth | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ | kana /kana/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | hanyo /haɲo/ |
| Tooth | jino /dʒino/ | zino /zino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ | iyoo /ijoː/ | dzino /dzino/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Tongue | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | ulumi /ulumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Hand | mkono /mkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | uko /uko/ | nkono /nkono/ | muhono /muhono/ |
| Foot | ivunda /ivunda/ | mulundi /mulundi/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | urende /uɾende/ | mwendo /mwendo/ | mundru /mundɾu/ |
| Heart | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | ngoo /ŋɡoː/ | ntima /ntima/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Bone | ivindi /ivindi/ | vuha /vuha/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | ifua /ifua/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | shiɓa /ʃiɓa/ |
| Blood | sakame /sakame/ | phome /pʰome/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakami /sakami/ | usao /usao/ | malopa /malopa/ | damu /damu/ |
| Love | lumba /lumba/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | lumbo /lumbo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | mahaba /mahaba/ |
| Tree | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | umuti /umuti/ | nri /nɾi/ | muti /muti/ | mri /mri/ |
| Dog | mbwa /mbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mboha /mboha/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /ᵐbwa/ |
| Cat | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | samaki /samaki/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /soːmba/ | somba /somba/ | ikunga /ikuŋɡa/ | omba /omba/ | fi /fi/ |
| Bird | ideghe /ideɣe/ | deghe /deɣe/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | ndee /ndeː/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | nyunyi /ɲuɲi/ |
| Egg | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | ngosho /ŋɡoʃo/ | dzai /dzai/ | jwai /dʒwai/ |
| Horse | farasi /farasi/ | faashi /faːʃi/ | falasi /falasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | farasi /faɾasi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | farasi /farasi/ |
| House | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Milk | mavee /maveː/ | mele /mele/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | maya /maja/ | maruva /maɾuva/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | dziya /dzija/ |
| Honey | nzoke /nzoke/ | woki /woki/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ | uki /uki/ | uci /utʃi/ | ngizi /ŋizi/ |
| Salt | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | shingo /ʃiŋɡo/ |
| Wine | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | mfinyo /mfiɲo/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | maji ya zaɓiɓu /maʒi ja zaɓiɓu/ |
| Iron | kighera /kiɣera/ | kiama /kiama/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | minya /miɲa/ | utale /utale/ | shuma /ʃuma/ |
| Silk | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | seda /seda/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Book | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | shio /ʃio/ |
| Eat | kurya /kurja/ | kuya /kuja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kuria /kuria/ | kudya /kudja/ | ula /ula/ |
| Drink | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunyua /kuɲua/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | unwa /unwa/ |
| Sleep | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | — | kugona /kuɡona/ | ulala /ulala/ |
| One | imwe /imwe/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ | mongo /moŋɡo/ | posi /posi/ | moja /moʒa/ |
| Two | avili /aβili/ | mbili /mbili/ | ibili /iβili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | fivili /fivili/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | mbili /ᵐbili/ |
| Three | adatu /adatu/ | katatu /katatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | firaru /fiɾaɾu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | traru /tɾaɾu/ |
| Hundred | ighana /iɣana/ | gana /ɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | iyana /ijana/ | dzana /dzana/ | mia /mia/ |
| Hello | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | — /—/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | kira /kiɾa/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | Jeje /dʒedʒe/ |
| Thank you | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | asante /asante/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /aˈsante/ | asante /asante/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | marahaba /marahaːba/ |
| Good | mwamba /mwamba/ | mtana /mtana/ | soga /soɡa/ | kihi /kihi/ | kya /kja/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | nzuri /ⁿzuri/ |
| New | shaa /ʃaː/ | mpya /mpja/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | shiiya /ʃiːja/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | pia /pia/ |
| Red | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | laluku /laluku/ | ntune /ntune/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | funga /funɡa/ | nyekundu /ɲekundu/ |
| White | jewa /dʒewa/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | pe /pe/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | sheelwa /ʃeːlwa/ | cena /tʃena/ | ndjeu /ndʒeu/ |
| Black | jiru /dʒiru/ | size /size/ | pi /pi/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | shuu /ʃuː/ | psipa /psipa/ | ndziɗu /ndziɗu/ |
| Ninety-nine | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kyeenda na kyeenda /makumi kjeːnda na kjeːnda/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | — |
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