Matses
Matsés
Panoan (Mayoruna)
Matsés (also Mayoruna) is a Panoan language of the Yaquerana basin on the Peru–Brazil frontier. It is celebrated typologically for one of the world’s most elaborate evidential systems: verbs obligatorily encode whether the source of information is direct, inferred, conjectured or reported, and further distinguish the time of the event from the time the speaker learned of it.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Matsés
Sources
- Fleck, David W. (2003) A Grammar of Matses. PhD dissertation, Rice University.
- Fleck, David W. (2007) Evidentiality in Matses. In Aikhenvald & Dixon (eds.) Evidentiality. Oxford.
- Glottolog: Matses
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Panoan (Mayoruna)
| Meaning | Matsés | Proto-Japonic-Koreanic | Lardil | Yangkaal | Shipibo-Conibo | Meroitic | Messapic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | acte /aʔte/ | — /—/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | 𐦠𐦶 /ato/ | — /—/ |
| Fire | cute /kute/ | — /—/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | ngida /ŋida/ | chii /tʃiː/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sun | uëshë /wɨʃɨ/ | — /—/ | warrka /waɾka/ | warrku /waɾku/ | bari /bari/ | 𐦨𐦯 /ˈmasa/ | — /—/ |
| Moon | inchëshën uëshë /intʃɨʃɨn wɨʃɨ/ | — /—/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Star | uispa /wispa/ | — /—/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Night | inchësh /intʃɨʃ/ | — /—/ | nata /nata/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | yame /jamɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Rain | ue /ue/ | — | — | — | oi /oi/ | — | — |
| Wind | cunquequid /kunkekid/ | — | — | — | niwe /niwɨ/ | — | — |
| Earth | nidaid /nidaid/ | — | — | — | mai /mai/ | — | — |
| Stone | cuënote /kwɨnote/ | — | — | — | makan /makan/ | — | — |
| Mountain | macuësh /makwɨʃ/ | — | — | — | manan /manan/ | — | — |
| Mother | tita /tita/ | *əma /əma/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | tita /tita/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Father | papa /paˈpa/ | *əpa /əpa/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | papa /papa/ | — /—/ | ana /ˈana/ |
| Daughter | champi /tʃamˈpi/ | — | — | — | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | — | bilia /ˈbilia/ |
| I | ubi /uβi/ | — /—/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ea /ea/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| You | mibi /miβi/ | — /—/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | mia /mia/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| We | nuqui /nuki/ | — /—/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | noa /noa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Name | — /—/ | — /—/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | nida /nida/ | jane /hanɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Person | matses /matses/ | — | — | — | joni /honi/ | — | — |
| Head | mapi /maˈpi/ | — | — | — | mapo /mapo/ | — | — |
| Eye | ëshë /ɨʃɨ/ | — /—/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Ear | pabiate /pabiate/ | — | — | — | pabíki /pabiki/ | — | — |
| Mouth | ana /ana/ | — | — | — | kexa /kɨʂa/ | — | — |
| Tooth | sheta /ʃeta/ | — /—/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | damanda /damanda/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tongue | ana /ana/ | — /—/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | jana /hana/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Hand | mëdante /mɨdante/ | — /—/ | marlda /maɭda/ | — /—/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Foot | taë /taˈɨ/ | — | jaa /dʒaː/ | — | tae /taɨ/ | 𐦯𐦴 /ˈsata/ | — |
| Heart | — /—/ | — /—/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | — /—/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bone | canite /kanite/ | — /—/ | kadma /kadma/ | julda /ɟulda/ | xao /ʂao/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Blood | intac /intaʔ/ | — /—/ | kanda /kanda/ | kandu /kandu/ | jimi /himi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | noi /noi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | cute /kute/ | — /—/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | — /—/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Dog | opa /oˈpa/ | — /—/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | — /—/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | 𐦥𐦬𐦡 /wal/ | — /—/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mishito /miʃito/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | nuëcquid /nuɨkkid/ | — /—/ | yaka /jaka/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | yapa /japa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Bird | uicchun /wiktʃun/ | — | — | — | isa /isa/ | — | — |
| Butterfly | podochued /podotʃued/ | — | — | — | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | — | — |
| Egg | bacuë /bakwɨ/ | — | — | — | bachi /batʃi/ | — | — |
| Bear | oso /oso/ | — | — | — | oso /oso/ | — | — |
| Horse | cabachu /kabatʃu/ | — | — | — | kabayo /kabajo/ | — | — |
| House | shubu /ʂobo/ | — /—/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | — /—/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Milk | shuma /ʃuma/ | — | — | — | xoma /ʂoma/ | — | — |
| Honey | bacun /bakun/ | — | — | — | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | — | — |
| Salt | sa /sa/ | — | — | — | tashi /taʃi/ | — | — |
| Wine | uba chinaid /uba tʃinaid/ | — | — | — | vino /ˈbino/ | — | — |
| Iron | shocosh /ʃokoʃ/ | — | — | — | yami /jami/ | — | — |
| Eat | pe- /pe/ | — /—/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | — /—/ | piti /piti/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Drink | ak- /ak/ | — /—/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | — /—/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Sleep | ush- /uʃ/ | — | — | — | oxa /oʂa/ | — | — |
| One | abentsëc /aβentsɨk/ | — /—/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | — /—/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Two | daëd /daɨd/ | — /—/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Three | — /—/ | — /—/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | — /—/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Four | daëd daëd /daɨd daɨd/ | — | — | — | chosko /tʃosko/ | — | — |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | irake /iɾake/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | bëda /bɨˈda/ | — /—/ | kuba /kuba/ | — /—/ | jakon /hakon/ | 𐦨𐦬𐦣 /ˈmalu/ | — /—/ |
| New | chuca /tʃuka/ | — | — | — | bena /bɨna/ | — | — |
| Red | piumbo /piumbo/ | — /—/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| White | ushu /uˈʃu/ | — | — | — | joxo /hoʂo/ | — | — |
| Green | umu /uˈmu/ | — | — | — | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | — | — |
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