Tiếng Mường

Mường

Austroasiatic (Vietic)

FamilyAustroasiatic (Vietic) Speakers~1.5M ScriptLatin (Vietnamese-based Mường orthography) CountriesVietnam (Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa, Phú Thọ, Sơn La) Official inVietnam (recognised minority nationality language) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3mtq

Mường (Tiếng Mường; ISO 639-3: mtq) is a Vietic language of the Austroasiatic family spoken chiefly by Mường communities in northern Vietnam, especially in Hòa Bình, Thanh Hóa, Phú Thọ, and neighboring provinces. It belongs to the Viet–Mường subgroup and is closely related to Vietnamese, with regular sound correspondences and much inherited vocabulary, but it comprises several regional varieties rather than one uniform form. Mường varieties are tonal; their tone inventories and phonetic realizations differ by region, and some preserve consonant distinctions or clusters lost in Vietnamese. The language is largely analytic, generally uses subject–verb–object order, and employs classifiers, particles, and serial verb constructions. Modern writing uses Latin-based orthographies modeled partly on Vietnamese, with regional standardization and literacy efforts supporting education, publishing, broadcasting, and cultural documentation.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Mường

Water

đác

ɗaːk

Fire

cúi

kuj

Sun

măt tlời

mat tləːj

Moon

tlăng

tlaŋ

Star

khao

kʰaːw

Night

hôm

hom

Rain

mưa

mɨə

Snow

tuyết

twiət

Wind

xỏ

sɔ

Earth

tất

tət

Stone

khũ

kʰu

Mountain

tồl

tol

Sea

pế

pe

Mother

mệ

meː

Father

pổ

po

Daughter

con cải

kɔn kaːj

I

ho

hɔ

You

mầy

məj

We

chúng tôi

cuŋ toj

Name

tên

ten

Person

mõl

mɔl

Head

tlốc

tlok

Eye

măt

mat

Ear

thai

tʰaːj

Nose

mũi

muj

Mouth

mồm

mom

Tooth

thăng

tʰaŋ

Tongue

lãi

laːj

Hand

thay

tʰaːi

Foot

chân

cən

Heart

nỏ

nɔ

Bone

xiêng

siəŋ

Blood

mảu

maw

Poop

é

ɛ

Love

thương

tʰɨəŋ

Tree

câl

kəl

Dog

chỏ

cɔ

Cat

mèo

mɛw

Fish

cả

kaː

Bird

chim

cim

Butterfly

pươm pưởm

pɨəm pɨəm

Egg

tlởng

tləːŋ

Bear

củ

kuː

Horse

ngữa

ŋɨə

House

nhà

ɲaː

Milk

khã

kʰaː

Honey

mêch ong

mec ɔŋ

Salt

bỏi

ɓɔːj

Wine

hão

haːw

Iron

khách

kʰac

Book

chẩy

cəj

Eat

ăn

an

Drink

ỏng

ɔŋ

Sleep

táy

taj

One

mộch

moːtʃ

Two

hal

haːl

Three

pa

paː

Four

pổn

pon

Five

đăm

ɗam

Hundred

tlăm

tlam

Hello

đám rộ

ɗaːm roː

Thank you

cám ơn

kaːm ɤn

Good

thốch

tʰoc

New

mởi

məːj

Red

tó

tɔ

White

tlẳng

tlaŋ

Black

dầm

jəm

Green

xenh

sɛɲ

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Austroasiatic (Vietic)

Meaning MườngProto-VieticCentral VietnameseChữ Nôm VietnameseSouthern VietnameseVietnameseProto-Austroasiatic
Water đác /ɗaːk/ *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/ nước /nɨək˧˦/ 渃 /nɨək˧˥/ nước /nɨək˧˥/ nước /nɨək˧˥/ *ɗaːk /ɗaːk/
Fire cúi /kuj/ *-laːs /-laːs/ lửa /lɨə˧˩˨/ 焒 /lɨə˧˩˧/ lửa /lɨə˨˩˦/ lửa /lɨə˧˩˧/ *ʔuːs /ʔuːs/
Sun măt tlời /mat tləːj/ — /—/ mặt trời /mak˧˩ ʈɤːj˦˨/ 𩈘𡗶 /mət˨˩ tɕɤːj˨˩/ mặt trời /mak˨˩ ʈɤːj˨˩/ mặt trời /mət˨˩ tɕɤːj˨˩/ *tŋiːʔ /tŋiːʔ/
Moon tlăng /tlaŋ/ *b-laŋ /b-laŋ/ mặt trăng /mak˧˩ ʈaŋ˥/ 𩈘𢁋 /mət˨˩ tɕaŋ˧/ mặt trăng /mak˨˩ ʈaŋ˧/ mặt trăng /mət˨˩ tɕaŋ˧/ *khe(ː)ʔ /kheːʔ/
Star khao /kʰaːw/ *k-raːw /k-raːw/ sao /ʂaːw˥/ 𣋀 /saːw˧/ sao /ʂaːw˧/ sao /saːw˧/ *smʔaɲ /smʔaɲ/
Night hôm /hom/ *teːm /teːm/ đêm /ɗem˥/ 𡖵 /dem˧/ đêm /ɗem˧/ đêm /ɗem˧/ *cəːm /cəːm/
Rain mưa /mɨə/ *k-maː /k-maː/ mưa /mɨə˥/ 𩄎 /mɨə˧/ mưa /mɨə˧/ mưa /mɨə˧/ *gmaʔ /ɡmaʔ/
Snow tuyết /twiət/ — tuyết /twiək˧˦/ 雪 /twiət˧˥/ tuyết /twiək˧˥/ tuyết /twiət˧˥/ —
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