Maninkakan
Kita Maninkakan
Niger-Congo
Kita Maninkakan (Maninkakan, "Maninka language") is a Manding variety of the Kita region in southwest Mali, between the Bambara homeland (north) and the Maninka homeland (Guinea). The Kita Manding cluster includes mutually-intelligible varieties stretching from Kita through southwestern Mali to the Guinean border. Kita Maninkakan is recognized by Mali as a national language alongside other Manding varieties (Bambara bm, Xaasongaxango kao, etc.), with bilingual education programs since 1985. Linguistically, Manding varieties share core features (subject-verb-object, verb-final aspect markers, classifier-noun constructions) but differ in tone systems and lexical specifics. The N'Ko script (Souleymane Kanté 1949) is used in some communities for Manding-wide writing.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Kita Maninkakan
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Niger-Congo
| Meaning | Kita Maninkakan | Xaasongaxango | Eastern Maninka | Dyula | Bambara | Western Maninkakan | Mandinka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | jiyo /dʒijo/ | jiyo /dʒijo/ |
| Fire | tasuma /tasuma/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | ta /ta/ | dimbaa /dimbaː/ |
| Sun | tle /tle/ | tili /tili/ | tele /tele/ | tile /tile/ | tile /tile/ | tilo /tilo/ | tiloo /tiloː/ |
| Moon | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | karo /karo/ | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | xaro /xaɾo/ | karoo /karoː/ |
| Star | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | dolo /dòlo/ | loolo /loːlo/ | looloo /loːloː/ |
| Night | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | suwo /suwo/ | suutoo /suːtoː/ |
| Rain | sanji /saɲɟi/ | — | sanji /saɲɟi/ | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ | sanjiyo /sandʒijo/ | sanjiyo /sandʒijo/ |
| Wind | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | — | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fiɲɛ /fiɲɛ/ | hoɲo /hoɲo/ | foño /foɲo/ |
| Mother | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | na /na/ | baa /baː/ |
| Father | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | ha /ha/ | faa /faː/ |
| I | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | n /ŋ́/ | ne /nè/ | nte /n̩te/ | nte /nte/ |
| You | i /i/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | i /í/ | i /í/ | ite /ite/ | ite /ite/ |
| We | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | ilan / ntelu /ilã / n̩telu/ | ntolu /ntolu/ |
| Name | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | toxo /toxo/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ́ɡɔ/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ̀ɡɔ/ | toxo /toxo/ | too /toː/ |
| Eye | ña /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ñaa /ɲaː/ |
| Ear | tulo /tulo/ | tulu /tulu/ | tolo /tolo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tuloo /tuloː/ |
| Nose | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nunŋo /nũŋo/ | nuŋo /nuŋo/ |
| Tooth | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲinŋo /ɲĩŋo/ | ñiŋo /ɲiŋo/ |
| Tongue | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nenŋo /nẽŋo/ | neŋo /neŋo/ |
| Hand | bolo /bolo/ | bulu /bulu/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bulo /bulo/ | buloo /buloː/ |
| Heart | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | jusu /dʒusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | jusukunŋo /dʒusukũŋo/ | sondomoo /sondomoː/ |
| Bone | kulu /kulu/ | xulu /xulu/ | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ | xulo /xulo/ | kuloo /kuloː/ |
| Blood | joli /dʒoli/ | jelu /dʒelu/ | jeli /dʒeli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | jelo /dʒelo/ | yeloo /jeloː/ |
| Love | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanin /kanĩ/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ |
| Tree | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiri/ | jiri /dʒiri/ | yiro /jiɾo/ | yiroo /jiroː/ |
| Dog | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulo /wulo/ | wuloo /wuloː/ |
| Cat | ñaakuma /ɲaːkuma/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | ɲaari /ɲaːri/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | ɲaaro /ɲaːɾo/ | ñankuma /ɲankuma/ |
| Fish | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | ɲege /ɲeɡe/ | jɛɛ /dʒɛː/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | yego /jeɡo/ | ñewo /ɲewo/ |
| Bird | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | — | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | xono /xono/ | kunoo /kunoː/ |
| House | so /so/ | so /so/ | bon /bon/ | so /so/ | so /so/ | bunŋo /bũŋo/ | buŋo /buŋo/ |
| Milk | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nono /nono/ | nonoo /nonoː/ |
| Salt | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | xooxo /xoːxo/ | koo /koː/ |
| Wine | ɛrɛsɛnji /ɛrɛsɛndʒi/ | — | — | divɛn /divɛ̃/ | diwɛn /diwɛn/ | eresendolo /eɾesendolo/ | wayinoo /wajinoː/ |
| Iron | neke /neke/ | nege /neɡe/ | nɛɛ /nɛː/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | nego /neɡo/ | nee /neː/ |
| Eat | don /don/ | domu /domu/ | domun /domũ/ | dun /dun/ | dun /dũ/ | domo /domo/ | domo /domo/ |
| Drink | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /mĩ/ | miŋ /miŋ/ |
| One | kelen /kelen/ | kilin /kilin/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kilin /kilĩ/ | kiliŋ /kiliŋ/ |
| Two | fila /fila/ | fula /fula/ | fila /fila/ | fila /fìla/ | fila /fìla/ | hula /hula/ | fula /fula/ |
| Three | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ |
| Four | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ |
| Five | loolu /lóːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ | loolu /lóːlu/ | duuru /dúːru/ | duuru /duːru/ | luulu /luːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ |
| Hello | i ni soɣoma /i ni soɣoma/ | i ni sogoma /i ni soɡoma/ | i ni se /i ni se/ | i ni sɔgɔma /i ni sɔɡɔma/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | — /—/ | salaam /salaːm/ |
| Thank you | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | — /—/ | abaraka /abaraka/ |
| Good | ñuman /ɲuman/ | nyi /ɲi/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | ɲuman /ɲuman/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | ɲima /ɲima/ | beteyaa /betejaː/ |
| Red | bilen /bileɲ/ | wuleŋ /wuleŋ/ | wulen /wulen/ | bilen /bilen/ | bilen /bilen/ | wulen /wulẽ/ | wuleŋ /wuleŋ/ |
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