Maningaxanŋo
Western Maninkakan
Niger-Congo
Western Maninkakan (ISO mlq) is a West Manding language of western Mali (Kéniéba, Bafoulabé), eastern Senegal, Guinea-Bissau and The Gambia, distinct from Eastern Maninka of Kankan, Guinea. This row records the Kéniéba variety in the SIL Mali Latin spelling used for Luke (2017) and Genesis 1–11 (2019). That spelling writes h for Bambara f and x for Bambara k or g between vowels, as in hula 'two' and moxo 'person' (Bambara fila, mɔgɔ).
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Western Maninkakan
Sources
- SIL Mali / Wycliffe, Projet Malinké de Kéniéba: Luke (2017), Mark, Genesis 1–11 (2019), transition and basic primers (2017), alphabet chart (2020)
- Creissels, Denis (2013) Le maninka du Niokolo (Mandenkan 49) — used to check meanings
- Glottolog: Western Maninkakan (west2500)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Niger-Congo
| Meaning | Western Maninkakan | Xaasongaxango | Mandinka | Kita Maninkakan | Eastern Maninka | Dyula | Bambara |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | jiyo /dʒijo/ | ji /dʒi/ | jiyo /dʒijo/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ |
| Fire | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | dimbaa /dimbaː/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | ta /ta/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | tasuma /tasuma/ |
| Sun | tilo /tilo/ | tili /tili/ | tiloo /tiloː/ | tle /tle/ | tele /tele/ | tile /tile/ | tile /tile/ |
| Moon | xaro /xaɾo/ | kalo /kalo/ | karoo /karoː/ | kalo /kalo/ | karo /karo/ | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ |
| Star | loolo /loːlo/ | lolo /lolo/ | looloo /loːloː/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | dolo /dòlo/ |
| Night | suwo /suwo/ | su /su/ | suutoo /suːtoː/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ |
| Rain | sanjiyo /sandʒijo/ | — | sanjiyo /sandʒijo/ | sanji /saɲɟi/ | sanji /saɲɟi/ | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ |
| Wind | hoɲo /hoɲo/ | — | foño /foɲo/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fiɲɛ /fiɲɛ/ |
| Earth | duguxulo /duɡuxulo/ | — | bankoo /baŋkoː/ | — | duukolo /duːkolo/ | dugukolo /duɡukolo/ | dugukolo /duɡukolo/ |
| Stone | kuro /kuɾo/ | — | beroo /beroː/ | — | kaba /kaba/ | kabakuru /kabakuru/ | kaba /kaba/ |
| Sea | xooxojiyo /xoːxodʒijo/ | — | fankaasoo /faŋkaːsoː/ | — | kɔɔji /kɔːdʒi/ | kɔgɔji /kɔɡɔdʒi/ | kɔgɔji /kɔɡɔdʒi/ |
| Mother | na /na/ | ba /ba/ | baa /baː/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ |
| Father | ha /ha/ | fa /fa/ | faa /faː/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ |
| Daughter | dinmuso /dinmuso/ | — | dimmusoo /dimːusoː/ | — | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ | denmuso /denmuso/ | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ |
| I | nte /n̩te/ | ne /ne/ | nte /nte/ | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | n /ŋ́/ | ne /nè/ |
| You | ite /ite/ | i /i/ | ite /ite/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | i /í/ | i /í/ |
| We | ilan / ntelu /ilã / n̩telu/ | an /án/ | ntolu /ntolu/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ |
| Name | toxo /toxo/ | toxo /toxo/ | too /toː/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ́ɡɔ/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ̀ɡɔ/ |
| Person | moxo /moxo/ | — | moo /moː/ | — | mɔɔ /mɔː/ | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ |
| Head | kunŋo /kũŋo/ | — | kuŋo /kuŋo/ | — | kun /kũ/ | kunkolo /kunkolo/ | kun /kun/ |
| Eye | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ñaa /ɲaː/ | ña /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ |
| Ear | tulo /tulo/ | tulu /tulu/ | tuloo /tuloː/ | tulo /tulo/ | tolo /tolo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ |
| Nose | nunŋo /nũŋo/ | nun /nũ/ | nuŋo /nuŋo/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ |
| Mouth | da /da/ | da /da/ | daa /daː/ | — | da /da/ | da /da/ | da /da/ |
| Tooth | ɲinŋo /ɲĩŋo/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ñiŋo /ɲiŋo/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ |
| Tongue | nenŋo /nẽŋo/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | neŋo /neŋo/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ |
| Hand | bulo /bulo/ | bulu /bulu/ | buloo /buloː/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ |
| Foot | sinŋo /sĩŋo/ | sin /sin/ | siŋo /siŋo/ | — | sen /sen/ | sen /sen/ | sen /sèn/ |
| Heart | jusukunŋo /dʒusukũŋo/ | dusu /dusu/ | sondomoo /sondomoː/ | dusu /dusu/ | jusu /dʒusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ |
| Bone | xulo /xulo/ | xulu /xulu/ | kuloo /kuloː/ | kulu /kulu/ | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ |
| Blood | jelo /dʒelo/ | jelu /dʒelu/ | yeloo /jeloː/ | joli /dʒoli/ | jeli /dʒeli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | joli /dʒoli/ |
| Love | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanin /kanĩ/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ |
| Tree | yiro /jiɾo/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiroo /jiroː/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiri/ | jiri /dʒiri/ |
| Dog | wulo /wulo/ | wulu /wulu/ | wuloo /wuloː/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ |
| Cat | ɲaaro /ɲaːɾo/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | ñankuma /ɲankuma/ | ñaakuma /ɲaːkuma/ | ɲaari /ɲaːri/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ |
| Fish | yego /jeɡo/ | ɲege /ɲeɡe/ | ñewo /ɲewo/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛɛ /dʒɛː/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ |
| Bird | xono /xono/ | — | kunoo /kunoː/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ |
| Egg | kilo /kilo/ | — | kiloo /kiloː/ | — | kili /kili/ | sisɛfan /sisɛfã/ | shɛfan /ʃɛfã/ |
| House | bunŋo /bũŋo/ | so /so/ | buŋo /buŋo/ | so /so/ | bon /bon/ | so /so/ | so /so/ |
| Milk | nono /nono/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nonoo /nonoː/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ |
| Honey | liyo /lijo/ | — | liyo /lijo/ | — | li /li/ | li /li/ | di /di/ |
| Salt | xooxo /xoːxo/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | koo /koː/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ |
| Wine | eresendolo /eɾesendolo/ | — | wayinoo /wajinoː/ | ɛrɛsɛnji /ɛrɛsɛndʒi/ | — | divɛn /divɛ̃/ | diwɛn /diwɛn/ |
| Iron | nego /neɡo/ | nege /neɡe/ | nee /neː/ | neke /neke/ | nɛɛ /nɛː/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ |
| Book | kitaabo /kitaːbo/ | — | kitaaboo /kitaːboː/ | — | gbafe /ɡbafe/ | gafe /ɡafe/ | gafe /ɡafe/ |
| Eat | domo /domo/ | domu /domu/ | domo /domo/ | don /don/ | domun /domũ/ | dun /dun/ | dun /dũ/ |
| Drink | min /mĩ/ | min /min/ | miŋ /miŋ/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ |
| Sleep | sinnoxo /sinːoxo/ | — | siinoo /siːnoː/ | — | sunɔɔ /sunɔː/ | sunɔgɔ /sunɔɡɔ/ | sunɔgɔ /sunɔɡɔ/ |
| One | kilin /kilĩ/ | kilin /kilin/ | kiliŋ /kiliŋ/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ |
| Two | hula /hula/ | fula /fula/ | fula /fula/ | fila /fila/ | fila /fila/ | fila /fìla/ | fila /fìla/ |
| Three | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ |
| Four | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ |
| Five | luulu /luːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ | loolu /lóːlu/ | loolu /lóːlu/ | duuru /dúːru/ | duuru /duːru/ |
| Hundred | keme /keme/ | keme /keme/ | keme /keme/ | — | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | kɛmɛ /kɛ̀mɛ́/ | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | i ni sogoma /i ni soɡoma/ | salaam /salaːm/ | i ni soɣoma /i ni soɣoma/ | i ni se /i ni se/ | i ni sɔgɔma /i ni sɔɡɔma/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | abaraka /abaraka/ | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ |
| Good | ɲima /ɲima/ | nyi /ɲi/ | beteyaa /betejaː/ | ñuman /ɲuman/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | ɲuman /ɲuman/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ |
| New | kuto /kuto/ | — | kuta /kuta/ | — | kuda /kuda/ | kura /kura/ | kura /kura/ |
| Red | wulen /wulẽ/ | wuleŋ /wuleŋ/ | wuleŋ /wuleŋ/ | bilen /bileɲ/ | wulen /wulen/ | bilen /bilen/ | bilen /bilen/ |
| White | xoyi /xoji/ | — | koyi /koji/ | — | gbɛ /ɡbɛ/ | gwɛ /ɡwɛ/ | jɛ /dʒɛ/ |
| Ninety-nine | bixononto-nin-xononto /bixonontoninxononto/ | — | taŋ kononto niŋ kononto /taŋ kononto niŋ kononto/ | — | bikɔnɔndɔ ni kɔnɔndɔ /bikɔnɔndɔ ni kɔnɔndɔ/ | bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn /bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn/ | bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn /bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn/ |
| At sign | arobaasi /aɾobaːsi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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