Julakan
Dyula
Niger-Congo (Mande, Manding)
Dyula (Jula) is a major West African trade lingua franca, mutually intelligible with Bambara (Mali) and Mandinka (Senegal/Gambia) — the three together forming the Manding dialect continuum. Centred on northern Côte d'Ivoire and southwest Burkina Faso, it has been the marketplace and caravan language of the Sahel-Forest interface for centuries. Although usually written in Latin script, the N'Ko script invented in 1949 by Solomana Kanté is increasingly used among literate communities.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Dyula
wifi
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Niger-Congo (Mande, Manding)
| Meaning | Dyula | Bambara | Kita Maninkakan | Eastern Maninka | Xaasongaxango | Western Maninkakan | Mandinka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | jiyo /dʒijo/ | jiyo /dʒijo/ |
| Fire | tasuma /tasuma/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | dimbaa /dimbaː/ |
| Sun | tile /tile/ | tile /tile/ | tle /tle/ | tele /tele/ | tili /tili/ | tilo /tilo/ | tiloo /tiloː/ |
| Moon | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | karo /karo/ | kalo /kalo/ | xaro /xaɾo/ | karoo /karoː/ |
| Star | lolo /lolo/ | dolo /dòlo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | loolo /loːlo/ | looloo /loːloː/ |
| Night | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | suwo /suwo/ | suutoo /suːtoː/ |
| Rain | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ | sanji /ˈsandʒi/ | sanji /saɲɟi/ | sanji /saɲɟi/ | — | sanjiyo /sandʒijo/ | sanjiyo /sandʒijo/ |
| Snow | nɛzi /nɛzi/ | nɛzi /nɛzi/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wind | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fiɲɛ /fiɲɛ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | — | hoɲo /hoɲo/ | foño /foɲo/ |
| Earth | dugukolo /duɡukolo/ | dugukolo /duɡukolo/ | — | duukolo /duːkolo/ | — | duguxulo /duɡuxulo/ | bankoo /baŋkoː/ |
| Stone | kabakuru /kabakuru/ | kaba /kaba/ | — | kaba /kaba/ | — | kuro /kuɾo/ | beroo /beroː/ |
| Mountain | kulu /kulu/ | kulu /kulu/ | — | kɔnkɛ /kɔŋkɛ/ | — | — | konkoo /koŋkoː/ |
| Sea | kɔgɔji /kɔɡɔdʒi/ | kɔgɔji /kɔɡɔdʒi/ | — | kɔɔji /kɔːdʒi/ | — | xooxojiyo /xoːxodʒijo/ | fankaasoo /faŋkaːsoː/ |
| Mother | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | na /na/ | baa /baː/ |
| Father | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | ha /ha/ | faa /faː/ |
| Daughter | denmuso /denmuso/ | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ | — | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ | — | dinmuso /dinmuso/ | dimmusoo /dimːusoː/ |
| I | n /ŋ́/ | ne /nè/ | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ | nte /n̩te/ | nte /nte/ |
| You | i /í/ | i /í/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | i /i/ | ite /ite/ | ite /ite/ |
| We | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | ilan / ntelu /ilã / n̩telu/ | ntolu /ntolu/ |
| Name | tɔgɔ /tɔ́ɡɔ/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ̀ɡɔ/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | toxo /toxo/ | toxo /toxo/ | too /toː/ |
| Person | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ | — | mɔɔ /mɔː/ | — | moxo /moxo/ | moo /moː/ |
| Head | kunkolo /kunkolo/ | kun /kun/ | — | kun /kũ/ | — | kunŋo /kũŋo/ | kuŋo /kuŋo/ |
| Eye | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ña /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ | ñaa /ɲaː/ |
| Ear | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tolo /tolo/ | tulu /tulu/ | tulo /tulo/ | tuloo /tuloː/ |
| Nose | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nun /nũ/ | nunŋo /nũŋo/ | nuŋo /nuŋo/ |
| Mouth | da /da/ | da /da/ | — | da /da/ | da /da/ | da /da/ | daa /daː/ |
| Tooth | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲinŋo /ɲĩŋo/ | ñiŋo /ɲiŋo/ |
| Tongue | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nenŋo /nẽŋo/ | neŋo /neŋo/ |
| Hand | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bulu /bulu/ | bulo /bulo/ | buloo /buloː/ |
| Foot | sen /sen/ | sen /sèn/ | — | sen /sen/ | sin /sin/ | sinŋo /sĩŋo/ | siŋo /siŋo/ |
| Heart | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | jusu /dʒusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | jusukunŋo /dʒusukũŋo/ | sondomoo /sondomoː/ |
| Bone | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ | kulu /kulu/ | kolo /kolo/ | xulu /xulu/ | xulo /xulo/ | kuloo /kuloː/ |
| Blood | joli /dʒoli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | jeli /dʒeli/ | jelu /dʒelu/ | jelo /dʒelo/ | yeloo /jeloː/ |
| Poop | bo /bo/ | bo /bo/ | — | bo /bo/ | — | — | buwo /buwo/ |
| Love | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanin /kanĩ/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ |
| Tree | yiri /jiri/ | jiri /dʒiri/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiro /jiɾo/ | yiroo /jiroː/ |
| Dog | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulo /wulo/ | wuloo /wuloː/ |
| Cat | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | ñaakuma /ɲaːkuma/ | ɲaari /ɲaːri/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | ɲaaro /ɲaːɾo/ | ñankuma /ɲankuma/ |
| Fish | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛɛ /dʒɛː/ | ɲege /ɲeɡe/ | yego /jeɡo/ | ñewo /ɲewo/ |
| Bird | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | kɔnɔ /kɔnɔ/ | — | xono /xono/ | kunoo /kunoː/ |
| Butterfly | firinfirin /firinfirin/ | nfirinfirin /nfirinfirin/ | — | firinfirinlen /fiɾinfiɾinlen/ | — | — | firifiroo /firifiroː/ |
| Egg | sisɛfan /sisɛfã/ | shɛfan /ʃɛfã/ | — | kili /kili/ | — | kilo /kilo/ | kiloo /kiloː/ |
| Bear | urusi wara /urusi wara/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Horse | so /so/ | so /so/ | — | so /so/ | — | — | suwoo /suwoː/ |
| House | so /so/ | so /so/ | so /so/ | bon /bon/ | so /so/ | bunŋo /bũŋo/ | buŋo /buŋo/ |
| Milk | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nono /nono/ | nonoo /nonoː/ |
| Honey | li /li/ | di /di/ | — | li /li/ | — | liyo /lijo/ | liyo /lijo/ |
| Salt | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | xooxo /xoːxo/ | koo /koː/ |
| Wine | divɛn /divɛ̃/ | diwɛn /diwɛn/ | ɛrɛsɛnji /ɛrɛsɛndʒi/ | — | — | eresendolo /eɾesendolo/ | wayinoo /wajinoː/ |
| Rice | malo /malo/ | malo /malo/ | — | malo /malo/ | — | — | maanoo /maːnoː/ |
| Chocolate | sokola /sokola/ | sokola /sokola/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | neke /neke/ | nɛɛ /nɛː/ | nege /neɡe/ | nego /neɡo/ | nee /neː/ |
| Wheel | mɔbilisen /mɔbilisen/ | mobilisen /mobilisen/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Book | gafe /ɡafe/ | gafe /ɡafe/ | — | gbafe /ɡbafe/ | — | kitaabo /kitaːbo/ | kitaaboo /kitaːboː/ |
| Eat | dun /dun/ | dun /dũ/ | don /don/ | domun /domũ/ | domu /domu/ | domo /domo/ | domo /domo/ |
| Drink | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /mĩ/ | miŋ /miŋ/ |
| Sleep | sunɔgɔ /sunɔɡɔ/ | sunɔgɔ /sunɔɡɔ/ | — | sunɔɔ /sunɔː/ | — | sinnoxo /sinːoxo/ | siinoo /siːnoː/ |
| One | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kilin /kilin/ | kilin /kilĩ/ | kiliŋ /kiliŋ/ |
| Two | fila /fìla/ | fila /fìla/ | fila /fila/ | fila /fila/ | fula /fula/ | hula /hula/ | fula /fula/ |
| Three | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ |
| Four | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ |
| Five | duuru /dúːru/ | duuru /duːru/ | loolu /lóːlu/ | loolu /lóːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ | luulu /luːlu/ |
| Hundred | kɛmɛ /kɛ̀mɛ́/ | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | — | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | keme /keme/ | keme /keme/ | keme /keme/ |
| Hello | i ni sɔgɔma /i ni sɔɡɔma/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | i ni soɣoma /i ni soɣoma/ | i ni se /i ni se/ | i ni sogoma /i ni soɡoma/ | — /—/ | salaam /salaːm/ |
| Thank you | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | — /—/ | abaraka /abaraka/ |
| Good | ɲuman /ɲuman/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | ñuman /ɲuman/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | nyi /ɲi/ | ɲima /ɲima/ | beteyaa /betejaː/ |
| New | kura /kura/ | kura /kura/ | — | kuda /kuda/ | — | kuto /kuto/ | kuta /kuta/ |
| Red | bilen /bilen/ | bilen /bilen/ | bilen /bileɲ/ | wulen /wulen/ | wuleŋ /wuleŋ/ | wulen /wulẽ/ | wuleŋ /wuleŋ/ |
| White | gwɛ /ɡwɛ/ | jɛ /dʒɛ/ | — | gbɛ /ɡbɛ/ | — | xoyi /xoji/ | koyi /koji/ |
| Black | fin /fin/ | fin /fin/ | — | fin /fiɲ/ | — | — | fiŋ /fiŋ/ |
| Green | binkɛnɛman /binkɛnɛman/ | binkɛnɛman /binkɛnɛman/ | — | binkɛndɛlama /binkɛndɛlama/ | — | — | jambakere /dʒambakere/ |
| Blue | bulaman /bulaman/ | bulaman /bulaman/ | — | — | — | — | buluuriŋo /buluːriŋo/ |
| Computer | ɔridinatɛri /ɔridinatɛri/ | ɔridinatɛri /ɔridinatɛri/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Wi-Fi | wifi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tea | dute /dute/ | dute /dute/ | — | dute /dute/ | — | — | — |
| Coffee | kafe /kafe/ | kafe /kafe/ | — | kafe /kafe/ | — | — | — |
| Sugar | sukaro /sukaro/ | sukaro /sukaro/ | — | — | — | — | sukuro /sukuro/ |
| Orange | lemuruba /lemuruba/ | lenburuba /lenburuba/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn /bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn/ | bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn /bikɔnɔntɔn ni kɔnɔntɔn/ | — | bikɔnɔndɔ ni kɔnɔndɔ /bikɔnɔndɔ ni kɔnɔndɔ/ | — | bixononto-nin-xononto /bixonontoninxononto/ | taŋ kononto niŋ kononto /taŋ kononto niŋ kononto/ |
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