ࡌࡀࡍࡃࡀࡉࡉࡀ
Mandaic
Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Northwest, Aramaic, Eastern, Mandaic) · historical / hidden variety
Mandaic is the Eastern Aramaic language of the Mandaeans, an indigenous gnostic religious community of southern Iraq and southwestern Iran whose religion (Mandaeism) reveres John the Baptist and traces its roots to the early-1st-millennium Mesopotamian milieu. Classical Mandaic remains the liturgical language of Mandaean ritual; Neo-Mandaic (a separate but related modern variety) has only ~50 fluent speakers, making it one of the most endangered Aramaic varieties. The Mandaic script is a unique cursive abjad-abugida hybrid, distinct from Hebrew and Syriac scripts.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Mandaic
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Afro-Asiatic (Semitic, Northwest, Aramaic, Eastern, Mandaic)
| Meaning | Mandaic | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | Turoyo | Aramaic | Classical Syriac | Western Neo-Aramaic | Old Aramaic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ࡌࡉࡀ /mia/ | ܡܝܐ /mijja/ | ܡܝܐ /majo/ | ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ | ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ | ܡܘܝܐ /moːja/ | מין /majin/ |
| Fire | ࡍࡅࡓࡀ /nura/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nura/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuro/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ | — /—/ | נור /nuːr/ |
| Sun | ࡔࡀࡌࡔࡀ /ʃamʃa/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃimʃa/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃamʃo/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | שמש /ʃamʃ/ |
| Moon | ࡎࡉࡓࡀ /sira/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahra/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahro/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | שהר /sahr/ |
| Star | ࡊࡅࡊࡁࡀ /ˈkukba/ | ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܵܐ /kawxva/ | ܟܟܒܐ /kəxwo/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /koːχβaː/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkβaː/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkba/ | כוכב /kawkab/ |
| Night | ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡀ /lilja/ | ܠܸܠܝܵܐ /lelja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /laljo/ | ܠܠܝܐ /leljaː/ | ܠܠܝܐ /lelja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /lelja/ | לליא /leːljaː/ |
| Snow | ࡕࡀࡋࡂࡀ /talɡa/ | ܬܲܠܓܵܐ /talɡa/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡo/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡaː/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡaː/ | ܬܠܟܐ /ˈθelka/ | 𐡕𐡋𐡂 /talɡ/ |
| Earth | ࡀࡓࡒࡀ /arqa/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕa/ | ܐܪܥܐ /arʕo/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕaː/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕɑ/ | ܐܪܥܐ /arʕɔ/ | 𐡀𐡓𐡒 /ʔarq/ |
| Stone | ࡂࡋࡀࡋࡀ /ɡlala/ | ܟܐܦܐ /ˈkeːpa/ | ܟܐܦܐ /kefo/ | ܐܒܢܐ /ʔaβnaː/ | ܟܐܦܐ /keːpaː/ | ܟܐܦܐ /xefa/ | אבן /ʔaben/ |
| Mountain | ࡈࡅࡓࡀ /tˤura/ | ܛܘܪܐ /ˈtˤuːra/ | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuro/ | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuːraː/ | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuːraː/ | — | — |
| Mother | ࡀࡌࡀ /ama/ | ܝܡܐ /jimma/ | ܐܡܐ /imo/ | ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ | ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ | ܐܡܐ /emaː/ | אמ /ʔem/ |
| Father | ࡀࡁࡀ /aba/ | ܒܒܐ /baba/ | ܒܒܐ /babo/ | ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ | ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ | ܒܒܐ /babːaː/ | אב /ʔab/ |
| Daughter | ࡁࡓࡀࡕࡀ /brata/ | ܒܪܵܬܵܐ /ˈbrata/ | ܒܪܬܐ /barto/ | ܒܪܬܐ /bartaː/ | ܒܪܬܐ /bartaː/ | ܒܪܬ̤ܐ /bertʃa/ | ברת /bart/ |
| I | ࡀࡍࡀ /ˈana/ | ܐܵܢܵܐ /ˈʔaːna/ | ܐܢܐ /ono/ | ܐܢܐ /ʔanaː/ | ܐܢܐ /ʔenaː/ | ܐܢܐ /ana/ | אנה /ʔanaː/ |
| You | ࡀࡍࡀࡕ /at/ | ܐܲܢ݉ܬ /ʔat/ | ܗܬ /hat/ | ܐܢܬ /ʔatt/ | ܐܢܬ /ʔat/ | ܚܐܟ /ħatʃ/ | אנת /ʔantaː/ |
| We | ࡀࡍࡉࡍ /ˈanin/ | ܐܲܚܢܲܢ /ˈʔaxnan/ | ܐܚܢܐ /aħna/ | ܐܢܚܢܢ /ʔanaħnan/ | ܚܢܢ /ħnan/ | ܐܢܚ /anaħ/ | אנחנא /ʔanaħnaː/ |
| Name | ࡔࡅࡌࡀ /ˈʃuma/ | ܫܸܡܵܐ /ˈʃɪmma/ | ܐܫܡܐ /eʃmo/ | ܫܡܐ /ʃmaː/ | ܫܡܐ /ʃmaː/ | ܐܫܡܐ /eʃma/ | שם /ʃum/ |
| Person | ࡀࡍࡀࡔࡀ /anaʃa/ | ܒܲܪܢܵܫܵܐ /barnaːʃa/ | ܢܫܐ /noʃo/ | ܐܢܫܐ /ʔnaːʃaː/ | ܐܢܫܐ /ʔnaːʃaː/ | ܒܪܢܫܐ /barnoːʃa/ | אנש /ʔenaːʃ/ |
| Head | ࡓࡉࡔ /riʃ/ | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃa/ | ܪܝܫܐ /riʃo/ | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃaː/ | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃaː/ | — | — |
| Eye | ࡏࡉࡍࡀ /ʔina/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajna/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajno/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajnaː/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajnaː/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajna/ | עין /ʕajn/ |
| Ear | ࡏࡅࡃࡍࡀ /odna/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ˈʔɪðna/ | ܐܕܢܐ /aðno/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔedˈnaː/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔedˈnɑ/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔiðnaː/ | 𐡀𐡃𐡍𐡀 /ʔuðnaː/ |
| Nose | ࡍࡄࡉࡓࡀ /nhira/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /naxxiːra/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiro/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiːraː/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiːrɔ/ | — | אפא /ʔappaː/ |
| Mouth | ࡐࡅࡌࡀ /puma/ | ܦܘܡܐ /pumma/ | ܦܡܐ /femo/ | ܦܘܡܐ /pumːaː/ | ܦܘܡܐ /puːmaː/ | — | פם /pum/ |
| Tooth | ࡔࡉࡍࡀ /ʃinːa/ | ܟܵܟܵܐ /kaka/ | ܐܪܫܐ /arʃo/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːaː/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːaː/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːa/ | שנא /ʃenːaː/ |
| Tongue | ࡋࡉࡔࡀࡍࡀ /liʃana/ | ܠܫܵܢܵܐ /liʃana/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃono/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃːaːnaː/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃːaːnaː/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃona/ | לשנא /liʃːaːnaː/ |
| Hand | ࡏࡃࡀ /ʔida/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iːða/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iðo/ | ܐܝܕܐ /ʔiːðaː/ | ܐܝܕܐ /ʔiːðaː/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iða/ | יד /jad/ |
| Foot | ࡋࡉࡂࡓࡀ /liɡra/ | ܥܩܠܐ /ʕaqla/ | ܪܓܠܐ /raɣlo/ | ܪܓܠܐ /reɡlaː/ | ܪܓܠܐ /reɡlaː/ | — | רגל /reɡel/ |
| Heart | ࡋࡉࡁࡀ /liba/ | ܠܒܐ /libba/ | ܠܒܐ /lebo/ | ܠܒܐ /lebbaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebbaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebaː/ | לב /leb/ |
| Bone | ࡂࡉࡓࡌࡀ /ɡerma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmo/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmaː/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmaː/ | ܓܪܡܐ /xerma/ | גרמא /ɡarmaː/ |
| Blood | ࡆࡌࡀ /zma/ | ܕܡܵܐ /dɪmma/ | ܐܕܡܐ /admo/ | ܕܡܐ /dmaː/ | ܕܡܐ /dmaː/ | ܐܙܡܐ /ezma/ | דמא /dmaː/ |
| Love | ࡓࡅࡄࡌࡀ /ruhma/ | ܚܘܒܐ /xubba/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubo/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubbaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubbaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubaː/ | רחם /raħem/ |
| Tree | ࡏࡋࡀࡍࡀ /ilana/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ilana/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ilono/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ʔiːlaːnaː/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ʔiːlaːnaː/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /elona/ | עץ /ʕeːsˤ/ |
| Dog | ࡊࡀࡋࡁࡀ /kalba/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalba/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbo/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | כלב /kalb/ |
| Cat | ࡔࡅࡍࡀࡓࡀ /ʃunara/ | ܩܛܘ /qaːtˤo/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunoro/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunnaːraː/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunnaːraː/ | ܩܛܘܢܐ /qatˤuna/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | ࡍࡅࡍࡀ /nuna/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuna/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuno/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuːnaː/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuːnaː/ | — /—/ | נונא /nuːnaː/ |
| Bird | ࡑࡉࡐࡓࡀ /sipra/ | ܛܲܝܪܵܐ /tˤajra/ | ܛܝܪܐ /tˤajro/ | ܨܦܪܐ /sˤefraː/ | ܦܪܚܬܐ /paːˈraħtaː/ | — | צפר /sˤippar/ |
| House | ࡁࡉࡕࡀ /bita/ | ܒܝܬܐ /beθa/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajto/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajtaː/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajθaː/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajθa/ | בית /beːt/ |
| Salt | ࡌࡉࡄࡋࡀ /mihla/ | ܡܠܚܐ /ˈmilxa/ | ܡܠܚܐ /melħo/ | ܡܠܚܐ /melħaː/ | ܡܠܚܐ /melħaː/ | — | מלח /melaħ/ |
| Wine | ࡄࡀࡌࡓࡀ /hamra/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ˈxamraː/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamro/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamraː/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamrɔ/ | — | חמרא /ħamraː/ |
| Iron | ࡐࡀࡓࡆࡋࡀ /parzla/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /ˈprizla/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlo/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlaː/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlaː/ | — | פרזל /parzel/ |
| Book | ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡀ /draʃa/ | ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ /kθaːwa/ | ܟܬܒܐ /kθowo/ | ܟܬܒܐ /ktaːβaː/ | ܟܬܒܐ /ktaːβaː/ | — | — |
| Eat | ࡀࡊࡀࡋ /akal/ | ܐܟܠ /axil/ | ܐܟܠ /oxulo/ | ܐܟܠ /ʔaːχel/ | ܐܟܠ /ʔeχal/ | ܐܟܠ /iʔχel/ | אכל /ʔakal/ |
| Drink | ࡔࡕࡀ /ʃta/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃate/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃote/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃtaː/ | ܐܫܬܝ /ʔeʃtiː/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃetaː/ | שתה /ʃataː/ |
| Sleep | ࡃࡌࡀࡊ /dmak/ | ܕܡܟ /daːmeːx/ | ܕܡܟ /domaχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | דמך /damek/ |
| One | ࡄࡀࡃ /had/ | ܚܕ /xa/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ܐܚܕ /ʔaħːað/ | חד /ħad/ |
| Two | ࡕࡓࡉࡍ /tren/ | ܬܪܹܝܢ /treːn/ | ܬܪܐ /tre/ | ܬܪܝܢ /treːn/ | ܬܪܝܢ /treːn/ | ܐܬܪ /ʔeθər/ | תרין /treːn/ |
| Three | ࡕࡋࡀࡕࡀ /tlata/ | ܬܠܵܬܵܐ /tˤlaːθa/ | ܬܠܬܐ /tloθo/ | ܬܠܬ /tlaːθ/ | ܬܠܬ /tlaːt/ | ܬܠܬܐ /θlɒːθa/ | תלת /tlaːt/ |
| Four | ࡀࡓࡁࡀ /arba/ | ܐܪܒܥܐ /arpa/ | ܐܪܒܥܐ /arbˤo/ | ܐܪܒܥ /ʔarbaʕ/ | ܐܪܒܥ /ʔarbaʕ/ | ܐܪܒ݆ܥܐ /ʔarpʕa/ | ארבע /ʔarbaʕ/ |
| Five | ࡄࡀࡌࡔࡀ /hamʃa/ | ܚܡܫܐ /xamʃa/ | ܚܡܫܐ /ħamʃo/ | ܚܡܫ /ħamːeʃ/ | ܚܡܫ /ħamːeʃ/ | ܚܡܫܐ /ħamʃa/ | חמש /ħamːeʃ/ |
| Hello | ࡔࡋࡀࡌࡀ /ʃlama/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːma/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlomo/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːmaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːmaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlomaː/ | שלם /ʃəlaːm/ |
| Thank you | ࡈࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ /ʈabuta/ | ܒܣܝܡܐ /basima/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdi/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdiː/ | ܫܘܒܚܐ /ʃubħaː/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdiː/ | — /—/ |
| Good | ࡈࡀࡁࡀ /tˤaba/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːwa/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤobo/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβaː/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβaː/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβa/ | טב /tˤab/ |
| Red | ࡎࡅࡌࡒࡀ /sumqa/ | ܣܡܘܩܐ /smuqa/ | ܣܡܘܩܐ /semoqo/ | ܣܘܡܩܐ /sumqaː/ | ܣܘܡܩܐ /sumːaqaː/ | ܣܡܩܐ /smaqa/ | סמק /summaːq/ |
| White | ࡄࡉࡅࡀࡓࡀ /hiwara/ | ܚܘܵܪܵܐ /xəwaːra/ | ܚܘܪܐ /ħwara/ | ܚܘܪܐ /ħewwaːraː/ | ܚܶܘܳܪܳܐ /ħewɔːrɔ/ | — | חור /ħewːaːr/ |
| Black | ࡊࡅࡌࡀ /kuma/ | ܟܘܡܐ /kuma/ | ܟܘܡܐ /komo/ | ܐܘܟܡܐ /ʔukkaːmaː/ | ܐܘܟܡܐ /ʔukːaːmaː/ | — | — |
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