ܠܫܢܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Afro-Asiatic
Assyrian Neo-Aramaic (ܠܫܢܐ ܐܫܘܪܝܐ Lišana Atturaya, "Assyrian language") is the largest of the modern Aramaic varieties and the principal liturgical and vernacular tongue of the Assyrian Christian community (Church of the East and Chaldean Catholic Church). It descends from the Eastern Aramaic spoken in upper Mesopotamia in the early Islamic period, after the literary Classical Syriac (syc) had become a fixed liturgical register. Modern AssyrianNeo-Aramaic shows strong Persian, Turkish, Arabic, and Kurdish loanword strata reflecting the community's mountain-village dispersion in Hakkari (Turkey), Tur Abdin, and Urmia (Iran) before the 20th-century genocide-displacement. Major modern centers: Chicago, Detroit, Sydney, Stockholm, Moscow.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Assyrian Neo-Aramaic
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Afro-Asiatic
| Meaning | Assyrian Neo-Aramaic | Mandaic | Aramaic | Western Neo-Aramaic | Classical Syriac | Turoyo | Old Aramaic |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ܡܝܐ /mijja/ | ࡌࡉࡀ /mia/ | ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ | ܡܘܝܐ /moːja/ | ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ | ܡܝܐ /majo/ | מין /majin/ |
| Fire | ܢܘܪܐ /nura/ | ࡍࡅࡓࡀ /nura/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ | — /—/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ | ܢܘܪܐ /nuro/ | נור /nuːr/ |
| Sun | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃimʃa/ | ࡔࡀࡌࡔࡀ /ʃamʃa/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ | ܫܡܫܐ /ʃamʃo/ | שמש /ʃamʃ/ |
| Moon | ܣܗܪܐ /sahra/ | ࡎࡉࡓࡀ /sira/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ | ܣܗܪܐ /sahro/ | שהר /sahr/ |
| Star | ܟܵܘܟ݂ܒ݂ܵܐ /kawxva/ | ࡊࡅࡊࡁࡀ /ˈkukba/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /koːχβaː/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkba/ | ܟܘܟܒܐ /kawkβaː/ | ܟܟܒܐ /kəxwo/ | כוכב /kawkab/ |
| Night | ܠܸܠܝܵܐ /lelja/ | ࡋࡉࡋࡉࡀ /lilja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /leljaː/ | ܠܠܝܐ /lelja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /lelja/ | ܠܠܝܐ /laljo/ | לליא /leːljaː/ |
| Rain | ܡܛܪܐ /mɪˈtˤra/ | — | ܡܛܪܐ /miˈtˤraː/ | — | ܡܛܪܐ /maˈtˤraː/ | ܡܛܪܐ /metˤro/ | 𐡌𐡈𐡓 /maːtˤar/ |
| Snow | ܬܲܠܓܵܐ /talɡa/ | ࡕࡀࡋࡂࡀ /talɡa/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡaː/ | ܬܠܟܐ /ˈθelka/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡaː/ | ܬܠܓܐ /talɡo/ | 𐡕𐡋𐡂 /talɡ/ |
| Wind | ܦܲܘܚܵܐ /ˈpawxa/ | — | ܪܘܚܐ /ˈruħaː/ | — | ܪܘܚܐ /ˈruħɔ/ | ܗܘܐ /hawa/ | 𐡓𐡅𐡇 /riːħ/ |
| Earth | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕa/ | ࡀࡓࡒࡀ /arqa/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕaː/ | ܐܪܥܐ /arʕɔ/ | ܐܪܥܐ /ʔarʕɑ/ | ܐܪܥܐ /arʕo/ | 𐡀𐡓𐡒 /ʔarq/ |
| Stone | ܟܐܦܐ /ˈkeːpa/ | ࡂࡋࡀࡋࡀ /ɡlala/ | ܐܒܢܐ /ʔaβnaː/ | ܟܐܦܐ /xefa/ | ܟܐܦܐ /keːpaː/ | ܟܐܦܐ /kefo/ | אבן /ʔaben/ |
| Mountain | ܛܘܪܐ /ˈtˤuːra/ | ࡈࡅࡓࡀ /tˤura/ | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuːraː/ | — | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuːraː/ | ܛܘܪܐ /tˤuro/ | — |
| Sea | ܝܡܐ /jaːmaː/ | — | ܝܡܐ /jammaː/ | — | ܝܡܐ /jammaː/ | ܝܡܐ /jamo/ | — |
| Mother | ܝܡܐ /jimma/ | ࡀࡌࡀ /ama/ | ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ | ܐܡܐ /emaː/ | ܐܡܐ /ʔemmaː/ | ܐܡܐ /imo/ | אמ /ʔem/ |
| Father | ܒܒܐ /baba/ | ࡀࡁࡀ /aba/ | ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ | ܒܒܐ /babːaː/ | ܐܒܐ /ʔabbaː/ | ܒܒܐ /babo/ | אב /ʔab/ |
| Daughter | ܒܪܵܬܵܐ /ˈbrata/ | ࡁࡓࡀࡕࡀ /brata/ | ܒܪܬܐ /bartaː/ | ܒܪܬ̤ܐ /bertʃa/ | ܒܪܬܐ /bartaː/ | ܒܪܬܐ /barto/ | ברת /bart/ |
| I | ܐܵܢܵܐ /ˈʔaːna/ | ࡀࡍࡀ /ˈana/ | ܐܢܐ /ʔanaː/ | ܐܢܐ /ana/ | ܐܢܐ /ʔenaː/ | ܐܢܐ /ono/ | אנה /ʔanaː/ |
| You | ܐܲܢ݉ܬ /ʔat/ | ࡀࡍࡀࡕ /at/ | ܐܢܬ /ʔatt/ | ܚܐܟ /ħatʃ/ | ܐܢܬ /ʔat/ | ܗܬ /hat/ | אנת /ʔantaː/ |
| We | ܐܲܚܢܲܢ /ˈʔaxnan/ | ࡀࡍࡉࡍ /ˈanin/ | ܐܢܚܢܢ /ʔanaħnan/ | ܐܢܚ /anaħ/ | ܚܢܢ /ħnan/ | ܐܚܢܐ /aħna/ | אנחנא /ʔanaħnaː/ |
| Name | ܫܸܡܵܐ /ˈʃɪmma/ | ࡔࡅࡌࡀ /ˈʃuma/ | ܫܡܐ /ʃmaː/ | ܐܫܡܐ /eʃma/ | ܫܡܐ /ʃmaː/ | ܐܫܡܐ /eʃmo/ | שם /ʃum/ |
| Person | ܒܲܪܢܵܫܵܐ /barnaːʃa/ | ࡀࡍࡀࡔࡀ /anaʃa/ | ܐܢܫܐ /ʔnaːʃaː/ | ܒܪܢܫܐ /barnoːʃa/ | ܐܢܫܐ /ʔnaːʃaː/ | ܢܫܐ /noʃo/ | אנש /ʔenaːʃ/ |
| Head | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃa/ | ࡓࡉࡔ /riʃ/ | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃaː/ | — | ܪܝܫܐ /reːʃaː/ | ܪܝܫܐ /riʃo/ | — |
| Eye | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajna/ | ࡏࡉࡍࡀ /ʔina/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajnaː/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajna/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajnaː/ | ܥܝܢܐ /ʕajno/ | עין /ʕajn/ |
| Ear | ܐܕܢܐ /ˈʔɪðna/ | ࡏࡅࡃࡍࡀ /odna/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔedˈnaː/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔiðnaː/ | ܐܕܢܐ /ʔedˈnɑ/ | ܐܕܢܐ /aðno/ | 𐡀𐡃𐡍𐡀 /ʔuðnaː/ |
| Nose | ܢܚܝܪܐ /naxxiːra/ | ࡍࡄࡉࡓࡀ /nhira/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiːraː/ | — | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiːrɔ/ | ܢܚܝܪܐ /nħiro/ | אפא /ʔappaː/ |
| Mouth | ܦܘܡܐ /pumma/ | ࡐࡅࡌࡀ /puma/ | ܦܘܡܐ /pumːaː/ | — | ܦܘܡܐ /puːmaː/ | ܦܡܐ /femo/ | פם /pum/ |
| Tooth | ܟܵܟܵܐ /kaka/ | ࡔࡉࡍࡀ /ʃinːa/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːaː/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːa/ | ܫܢܐ /ʃenːaː/ | ܐܪܫܐ /arʃo/ | שנא /ʃenːaː/ |
| Tongue | ܠܫܵܢܵܐ /liʃana/ | ࡋࡉࡔࡀࡍࡀ /liʃana/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃːaːnaː/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃona/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃːaːnaː/ | ܠܫܢܐ /liʃono/ | לשנא /liʃːaːnaː/ |
| Hand | ܐܝܕܐ /iːða/ | ࡏࡃࡀ /ʔida/ | ܐܝܕܐ /ʔiːðaː/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iða/ | ܐܝܕܐ /ʔiːðaː/ | ܐܝܕܐ /iðo/ | יד /jad/ |
| Foot | ܥܩܠܐ /ʕaqla/ | ࡋࡉࡂࡓࡀ /liɡra/ | ܪܓܠܐ /reɡlaː/ | — | ܪܓܠܐ /reɡlaː/ | ܪܓܠܐ /raɣlo/ | רגל /reɡel/ |
| Heart | ܠܒܐ /libba/ | ࡋࡉࡁࡀ /liba/ | ܠܒܐ /lebbaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebbaː/ | ܠܒܐ /lebo/ | לב /leb/ |
| Bone | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarma/ | ࡂࡉࡓࡌࡀ /ɡerma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmaː/ | ܓܪܡܐ /xerma/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmaː/ | ܓܪܡܐ /ɡarmo/ | גרמא /ɡarmaː/ |
| Blood | ܕܡܵܐ /dɪmma/ | ࡆࡌࡀ /zma/ | ܕܡܐ /dmaː/ | ܐܙܡܐ /ezma/ | ܕܡܐ /dmaː/ | ܐܕܡܐ /admo/ | דמא /dmaː/ |
| Poop | ܐܚܪ̈ܐ /ʔɪxre/ | — | ܚܪܝܐ /ħerjaː/ | — | ܙܒܠܐ /zeblaː/ | — | — |
| Love | ܚܘܒܐ /xubba/ | ࡓࡅࡄࡌࡀ /ruhma/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubbaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubbaː/ | ܚܘܒܐ /ħubo/ | רחם /raħem/ |
| Tree | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ilana/ | ࡏࡋࡀࡍࡀ /ilana/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ʔiːlaːnaː/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /elona/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ʔiːlaːnaː/ | ܐܝܠܢܐ /ilono/ | עץ /ʕeːsˤ/ |
| Dog | ܟܠܒܐ /kalba/ | ࡊࡀࡋࡁࡀ /kalba/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbaː/ | ܟܠܒܐ /kalbo/ | כלב /kalb/ |
| Cat | ܩܛܘ /qaːtˤo/ | ࡔࡅࡍࡀࡓࡀ /ʃunara/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunnaːraː/ | ܩܛܘܢܐ /qatˤuna/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunnaːraː/ | ܫܘܢܪܐ /ʃunoro/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | ܢܘܢܐ /nuna/ | ࡍࡅࡍࡀ /nuna/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuːnaː/ | — /—/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuːnaː/ | ܢܘܢܐ /nuno/ | נונא /nuːnaː/ |
| Bird | ܛܲܝܪܵܐ /tˤajra/ | ࡑࡉࡐࡓࡀ /sipra/ | ܨܦܪܐ /sˤefraː/ | — | ܦܪܚܬܐ /paːˈraħtaː/ | ܛܝܪܐ /tˤajro/ | צפר /sˤippar/ |
| Butterfly | ܦܪܚܘܢܝܬܐ /parxoniːta/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Egg | ܒܝܥܬܐ /beːta/ | — | ܒܝܥܬܐ /beːʕtaː/ | — | ܒܥܬܐ /beːʕtɔ/ | ܒܥܬܐ /baʕto/ | ביעתא /beːʕtaː/ |
| Bear | ܕܒܐ /dɪbba/ | — | ܕܒܐ /debbaː/ | — | ܕܒܐ /debaː/ | ܕܒܐ /debo/ | דבא /dubbaː/ |
| Horse | ܣܘܼܣܹܐ /suːse/ | — | ܣܘܣܝܐ /suːsjaː/ | — | ܣܘܣܝܐ /suːsjaː/ | ܣܘܣܝܐ /susjo/ | — |
| House | ܒܝܬܐ /beθa/ | ࡁࡉࡕࡀ /bita/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajtaː/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajθa/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajθaː/ | ܒܝܬܐ /bajto/ | בית /beːt/ |
| Milk | ܚܠܒܐ /xalwa/ | — | ܚܠܒܐ /ħalbaː/ | — | ܚܠܒܐ /ħalbɔ/ | ܚܠܒܐ /ħalwo/ | — |
| Honey | ܕܸܒ݂ܫܵܐ /dɪwʃa/ | — | ܕܒܫܐ /deβʃaː/ | — | ܕܒܫܐ /deβʃaː/ | ܕܒܫܐ /dawʃo/ | דבשא /debʃaː/ |
| Salt | ܡܠܚܐ /ˈmilxa/ | ࡌࡉࡄࡋࡀ /mihla/ | ܡܠܚܐ /melħaː/ | — | ܡܠܚܐ /melħaː/ | ܡܠܚܐ /melħo/ | מלח /melaħ/ |
| Wine | ܚܡܪܐ /ˈxamraː/ | ࡄࡀࡌࡓࡀ /hamra/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamraː/ | — | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamrɔ/ | ܚܡܪܐ /ħamro/ | חמרא /ħamraː/ |
| Rice | ܪܙܐ /rɪzza/ | — | ܪܘܙܐ /ruzzaː/ | — | ܪܘܙܐ /ruːzaː/ | ܪܙܐ /rezo/ | — |
| Chocolate | ܫܘܩܘܠܕܐ /ʃoqoˈlaːða/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Iron | ܦܪܙܠܐ /ˈprizla/ | ࡐࡀࡓࡆࡋࡀ /parzla/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlaː/ | — | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlaː/ | ܦܪܙܠܐ /parzlo/ | פרזל /parzel/ |
| Wheel | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiɡla/ | — | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiɡlaː/ | — | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiːɡlaː/ | ܓܝܓܠܐ /ɡiɡlo/ | גלגל /ɡalɡal/ |
| Silk | ܐܒܪܝܣܡ /abriːsim/ | — | — | — | ܩܙ /qaz/ | ܫܐܪܐ /ʃiro/ | — |
| Book | ܟܬܵܒ݂ܵܐ /kθaːwa/ | ࡃࡓࡀࡔࡀ /draʃa/ | ܟܬܒܐ /ktaːβaː/ | — | ܟܬܒܐ /ktaːβaː/ | ܟܬܒܐ /kθowo/ | — |
| Eat | ܐܟܠ /axil/ | ࡀࡊࡀࡋ /akal/ | ܐܟܠ /ʔaːχel/ | ܐܟܠ /iʔχel/ | ܐܟܠ /ʔeχal/ | ܐܟܠ /oxulo/ | אכל /ʔakal/ |
| Drink | ܫܬܐ /ʃate/ | ࡔࡕࡀ /ʃta/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃtaː/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃetaː/ | ܐܫܬܝ /ʔeʃtiː/ | ܫܬܐ /ʃote/ | שתה /ʃataː/ |
| Sleep | ܕܡܟ /daːmeːx/ | ࡃࡌࡀࡊ /dmak/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /dmeχ/ | ܕܡܟ /domaχ/ | דמך /damek/ |
| One | ܚܕ /xa/ | ࡄࡀࡃ /had/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ܐܚܕ /ʔaħːað/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | ܚܕ /ħað/ | חד /ħad/ |
| Two | ܬܪܹܝܢ /treːn/ | ࡕࡓࡉࡍ /tren/ | ܬܪܝܢ /treːn/ | ܐܬܪ /ʔeθər/ | ܬܪܝܢ /treːn/ | ܬܪܐ /tre/ | תרין /treːn/ |
| Three | ܬܠܵܬܵܐ /tˤlaːθa/ | ࡕࡋࡀࡕࡀ /tlata/ | ܬܠܬ /tlaːθ/ | ܬܠܬܐ /θlɒːθa/ | ܬܠܬ /tlaːt/ | ܬܠܬܐ /tloθo/ | תלת /tlaːt/ |
| Four | ܐܪܒܥܐ /arpa/ | ࡀࡓࡁࡀ /arba/ | ܐܪܒܥ /ʔarbaʕ/ | ܐܪܒ݆ܥܐ /ʔarpʕa/ | ܐܪܒܥ /ʔarbaʕ/ | ܐܪܒܥܐ /arbˤo/ | ארבע /ʔarbaʕ/ |
| Five | ܚܡܫܐ /xamʃa/ | ࡄࡀࡌࡔࡀ /hamʃa/ | ܚܡܫ /ħamːeʃ/ | ܚܡܫܐ /ħamʃa/ | ܚܡܫ /ħamːeʃ/ | ܚܡܫܐ /ħamʃo/ | חמש /ħamːeʃ/ |
| Hundred | ܐܡܐܐ /ʔɪmma/ | — | ܡܐܐ /maː/ | — | ܡܐܐ /maː/ | ܡܐ /mo/ | מאה /maː/ |
| Hello | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːma/ | ࡔࡋࡀࡌࡀ /ʃlama/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːmaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlomaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlaːmaː/ | ܫܠܡܐ /ʃlomo/ | שלם /ʃəlaːm/ |
| Thank you | ܒܣܝܡܐ /basima/ | ࡈࡀࡁࡅࡕࡀ /ʈabuta/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdiː/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdiː/ | ܫܘܒܚܐ /ʃubħaː/ | ܬܘܕܝ /tawdi/ | — /—/ |
| Good | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːwa/ | ࡈࡀࡁࡀ /tˤaba/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβaː/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβa/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤaːβaː/ | ܛܒܐ /tˤobo/ | טב /tˤab/ |
| New | ܚܕܬܐ /xaːθa/ | — | ܚܕܬܐ /ħaðtaː/ | — | ܚܕܬܐ /ħadtaː/ | ܚܕܬܐ /ħaθo/ | — |
| Red | ܣܡܘܩܐ /smuqa/ | ࡎࡅࡌࡒࡀ /sumqa/ | ܣܘܡܩܐ /sumqaː/ | ܣܡܩܐ /smaqa/ | ܣܘܡܩܐ /sumːaqaː/ | ܣܡܘܩܐ /semoqo/ | סמק /summaːq/ |
| White | ܚܘܵܪܵܐ /xəwaːra/ | ࡄࡉࡅࡀࡓࡀ /hiwara/ | ܚܘܪܐ /ħewwaːraː/ | — | ܚܶܘܳܪܳܐ /ħewɔːrɔ/ | ܚܘܪܐ /ħwara/ | חור /ħewːaːr/ |
| Black | ܟܘܡܐ /kuma/ | ࡊࡅࡌࡀ /kuma/ | ܐܘܟܡܐ /ʔukkaːmaː/ | — | ܐܘܟܡܐ /ʔukːaːmaː/ | ܟܘܡܐ /komo/ | — |
| Green | ܝܲܪܘܿܩܵܐ /jaroqa/ | — | ܝܘܪܩܐ /jaroːqaː/ | — | ܝܘܪܩܐ /jawrqaː/ | ܝܪܩܐ /jaroqo/ | ירק /jraːq/ |
| Blue | ܙܪܘܩܐ /zroqa/ | — | — | — | — | — | זרק /zraːq/ |
| Computer | ܚܲܫܘܼܒ݂ܵܐ /xaˈʃuva/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Tea | ܟܐܝ /tʃaːj/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Coffee | ܩܗܘܐ /qahwa/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sugar | ܫܟܪ /ʃɪkkar/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Orange | ܦܘܪܬܩܠܐ /purtəqala/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | ܬܸܫܥܝܼ ܘܬܸܫܥܵܐ /tɪʃʔiː utɪʃʔaː/ | — | — | — | ܬܫܥܝܢ ܘܬܫܥܐ /teʃʕiːn wteʃʕaː/ | — | — |
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