Nhanda
Pama-Nyungan
Nhanda (also Nanda or Nhanta) is a critically endangered Pama-Nyungan Aboriginal language of the Murchison-Gascoyne mid-coast of Western Australia, near Geraldton and Kalbarri. The language has ~30 fluent elderly speakers plus ~60 partial speakers among the broader ~750 ethnic Nhanda population. Nhanda preserves classical Pama-Nyungan features including ergative-absolutive alignment, suffixing nominal morphology, and rich kinship terminology. The Blevins 2001 reference grammar (Nhanda Aboriginal Language) made the language accessible to academic linguistics, and the community-led Nhanda Aboriginal Language Centre supports ongoing revitalization through school programs, oral history projects, and the Wajarri-Nhanda Cultural Centre.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Nhanda
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Pama-Nyungan
| Meaning | Nhanda | Martu Wangka | Pintupi-Luritja | Pitjantjatjara | Warlpiri | Adnyamathanha | Lardil |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | kapi /kapi/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | awi /awi/ | nguka /ŋuka/ |
| Fire | warla /waɻla/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | waru /waɻu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | ardrla /aʈɭa/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ |
| Sun | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | tjintu /cintu/ | wanta /wanta/ | yurnrdu /juɳʈu/ | warrka /waɾka/ |
| Moon | kanyala /kaɲala/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | pira /piɻa/ | pira /piɻa/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | viRa /viɹa/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ |
| Star | indiya /indija/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | kililpi /kiˈlilpi/ | kililpil /kiˈlilpil/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | vurdli /vuʈli/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ |
| Night | maru /maru/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | munga /muŋa/ | wilydya /wiʎca/ | nata /nata/ |
| Rain | pundu /pundu/ | — | — | mina /ˈmina/ | — | warrana /warana/ | — |
| Wind | uudinu /uudinu/ | walypa /ˈwaljpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | walpa /walpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | milyaRu /miʎaɹu/ | — |
| Mother | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | yipi /jipi/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngunytju /ŋuɲcu/ | ngati /ŋati/ | ngami /ŋami/ | ngama /ŋama/ |
| Father | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | vapi /vapi/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ |
| Daughter | yurdu /juɖu/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | yuṉṯalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | uṉṯal /uɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | — | — |
| I | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngayulu /ŋajulu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngada /ŋada/ |
| You | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nhina /n̪ina/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ |
| We | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | — /—/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | nganana /ŋanaɳa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | ngarlpurla /ŋaɭpuɭa/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ |
| Name | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | ini /ini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | mityi /mici/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ |
| Person | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | martu /maʈu/ | yanangu /janaŋu/ | aṉangu /aɳaŋu/ | yapa /japa/ | yuRa /juɹa/ | — |
| Eye | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | milpa /milpa/ | mina /mina/ | kuwa /kuwa/ |
| Ear | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /pina/ | pina /pina/ | pina /pɪnɐ/ | langa /laŋa/ | yuri /juɾi/ | — |
| Nose | muttha /mut̪a/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /muʎa/ | mulya /ˈmulja/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | — | — |
| Mouth | ngarnmanu /ŋaɳmanu/ | jaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | tjaa /caː/ | lirra /liɾa/ | — | — |
| Tooth | idaji /idadʒi/ | yirra /jira/ | katiti /katiti/ | katiti /katiti/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | ira /iɾa/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ |
| Tongue | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | tjalinypa /caliɲpa/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | yarli /jaɭi/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ |
| Hand | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | mara /maɻa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | mara /maɾa/ | marlda /maɭda/ |
| Foot | yina /jina/ | jina /cina/ | tjina /cina/ | tjina /cɪnɐ/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | idna /idna/ | jaa /dʒaː/ |
| Heart | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | kututu /kututu/ | kurunpa /kuɻunpa/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | yurlk-aka /juɭkaka/ | bulja /buldʒa/ |
| Bone | mambu /mambu/ | tarrka /tarka/ | tarrka /taɾka/ | tarka /taɻka/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | warlpu /waɭpu/ | kadma /kadma/ |
| Blood | nguba /ŋuba/ | miji /miɟi/ | milkali /milkali/ | milkali /milkali/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | arti /aʈi/ | kanda /kanda/ |
| Poop | wuna /wuna/ | — | kuna /kuna/ | kuna /kuna/ | kuna /kuna/ | udna /utna/ | — |
| Love | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | mukulya /mukuʎa/ | yulkami /julkami/ | ngadha-pa- /ŋat̪apa/ | — /—/ |
| Tree | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | warta /waʈa/ | punu /punu/ | punu /punu/ | watiya /watija/ | wirti /wiʈi/ | thungal /θuŋal/ |
| Dog | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | wirlka /wiɭka/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ |
| Cat | paka /paka/ | — /—/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Fish | wiitya /wiːca/ | yurta /juʈa/ | piitji /piːʈi/ | antipina /antipina/ | yawu /jawu/ | varru /varu/ | yaka /jaka/ |
| Butterfly | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | — | pintapinta /pintapinta/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | arli vilhi-vilhi /aɭi vil̪i-vil̪i/ | — |
| House | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | ngurra /ŋuɾa/ | ngura /ŋuɻa/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | wardrli /waʈɭi/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ |
| Eat | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngalkuni /ŋalkuni/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | ngarlku- /ŋaɭku/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ |
| Drink | nyuna /ɲuna/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ | tjikini /cikini/ | tjikini /cikini/ | purrami /puɾami/ | yapa- /japa/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ |
| Sleep | wuupata /wuːpata/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ | kunkunpa /kunkunpa/ | kunkunarinyi /kuŋkunaɻiɲi/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | miya /mija/ | — |
| One | kuyu /kuju/ | kuju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | kutju /kucu/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | ubmanaka /upmanaka/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ |
| Two | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kujarra /kucara/ | kutjarra /kucaɾa/ | kutjara /kucaɻa/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | alypilhanha /aʎpil̪an̪a/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ |
| Three | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | yurri /juri/ | tjirripala /ciripala/ | maṉkurpa /maɳkuɻpa/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | urlpa-rrina /uɭparina/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | palya /paʎa/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | warnrdu /waɳʈu/ | kuba /kuba/ |
| Red | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ | yulpa /julpa/ | tjitintjitinpa /tʃitintʃitinpa/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | yalhdhatyi /jal̪t̪aci/ | kandukan /kandukan/ |
| White | wilidi /wilidi/ | piirlpiirl /piːɭpiːɭ/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | piranpa /piɾanpa/ | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ | upa /upa/ | — |
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