Eshisango
Sangu
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Western Tanzania)
Sangu (Eshisango, also Kisangu) is a Bantu F13 language of the Usangu plains in southwestern Tanzania, near the Ruaha National Park. The Sangu people were historically rivals of the Hehe (Hehe-Sangu wars of the 19th century under chiefs Mkwawa and Mwinyikupinga), and developed a distinctive cattle-herding identity that contrasts with neighboring Bantu agricultural societies. Despite the small modern speaker base, retains active intergenerational transmission in rural communities.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Sangu
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, Western Tanzania)
| Meaning | Sangu | Makonde | Yao | Bemba | Luhya | Nyamwezi | Nyaturu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | amalenga /amalenɡa/ | medi /medi/ | mesi /mesi/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | amatsi /amatsi/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ |
| Fire | umooto /umoːto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | omuliro /omuliro/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| Sun | ilijuva /ilijuva/ | liduva /liduva/ | lyuwa /ʎuwa/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | liuba /liuba/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ |
| Moon | umwesi /umwesi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | mwesi /mwesi/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | omwesi /omwesi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ |
| Star | inondwe /inondwe/ | inondwa /inondwa/ | ndondwa /ndondwa/ | intanda /intanda/ | engʼiningʼini /eŋiniŋini/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | njota /ndʒota/ |
| Night | paashilo /paːʃilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | eshilo /eʃilo/ | buziku /buziku/ | utiku /utiku/ |
| Rain | inoonya /inoːɲa/ | imbula /imbula/ | ula /ula/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | efula /eˈfula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mbura /mbura/ |
| Wind | ilipepo /ilipepo/ | lipungo /lipuŋɡo/ | mbungo /mbuŋɡo/ | umwela /umwela/ | omuyeka /omujeka/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ |
| Earth | ililongo /ililoŋɡo/ | ulongo /uloŋɡo/ | litaka /litaka/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | liloba /liloba/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ |
| Stone | ilingʼanga /iliŋaŋɡa/ | liyanga /lijaŋɡa/ | liganga /liɡaŋɡa/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | lichina /litʃina/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ |
| Mountain | ishidunda /iʃidunda/ | lichinga /litʃiŋɡa/ | litumbi /litumbi/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | eshikulu /eʃikulu/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ |
| Sea | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ | bemba /bemba/ | inyanza /iɲanza/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ |
| Mother | umaayi /umaːji/ | mama /mama/ | amao /amao/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | mayi /maji/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | udaada /udaːda/ | baba /baba/ | atati /atati/ | bataata /bataːta/ | papa /papa/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ |
| Daughter | mwali /mwali/ | nahaku /nahaku/ | mwanache jwamkongwe /mwanatʃe dʒwamkoŋɡwe/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | omukhaana /omuxaːna/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | muncha /muntʃa/ |
| I | one /one/ | une /une/ | une /une/ | ine /ine/ | ese /ese/ | nene /ˈnene/ | une /une/ |
| You | owe /owe/ | uve /uve/ | mmwe /mːwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ewe /ewe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| We | ose /ose/ | hwetu /hwetu/ | uwe /uwe/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | efwe /efwe/ | iswe /iswe/ | sese /sese/ |
| Name | ilitaawa /ilitaːwa/ | lina /lina/ | lina /lina/ | ishina /iʃina/ | elira /elira/ | lina /ˈlina/ | rina /ɾina/ |
| Person | umuunu /umuːnu/ | munu /munu/ | mundu /mundu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | omundu /omundu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ |
| Head | umutwe /umutwe/ | muti /muti/ | mtwe /mtwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | omurwe /omurwe/ | mtwe /mtwe/ | itwe /itwe/ |
| Eye | iliiho /iliːho/ | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | liiso /liːso/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ |
| Ear | ilikutu /ilikutu/ | likutu /likutu/ | liwiwi /liwiwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | eshirwi /eʃirwi/ | itwi /itwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ |
| Nose | imula /imula/ | imula /imula/ | lupula /lupula/ | umona /umona/ | amolu /amolu/ | nindo /nindo/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ |
| Mouth | umulomo /umulomo/ | kanya /kaɲa/ | kang'wa /kaŋwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ |
| Tooth | iliino /iliːno/ | lino /lino/ | liino /liːno/ | ilino /ilino/ | lino /lino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ |
| Tongue | ulumili /ulumili/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ |
| Hand | iliwokho /iliwoxo/ | nkono /nkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | omukhono /omukʰono/ | kukono /kukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ |
| Foot | iligulu /iliɡulu/ | likambatu /likambatu/ | lukongolo /lukoŋɡolo/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | eshilenje /eʃilendʒe/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ |
| Heart | inumbula /inumbula/ | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /mtima/ | umutima /umutima/ | omwoyo /omwojo/ | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Bone | ilifupa /ilifupa/ | ligwangwa /liɡwaŋɡwa/ | liupa /liupa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | eshikumba /eʃikumba/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ |
| Blood | idanda /idanda/ | myadi /mjadi/ | miasi /miasi/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | amasayi /amasaji/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakami /sakami/ |
| Poop | mafi /mafi/ | mavi /mavi/ | manyi /maɲi/ | amafi /amafi/ | amafwi /amafwi/ | maafi /maːfi/ | — |
| Love | ulugano /uluɡano/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | unonyelo /unoɲelo/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | obuyanzi /obujanzi/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ |
| Tree | umupishi /umupiʃi/ | nnandi /nːandi/ | mtela /mtela/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | omusala /omusala/ | mti /mti/ | umuti /umuti/ |
| Dog | imbwa /imbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Cat | paka /paka/ | imaaka /imaːka/ | paka /paka/ | pushi /puʃi/ | lipusi /lipusi/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | inswi /inswi/ | homba /homba/ | somba /soːmba/ | isabi /isabi/ | inyeni /iɲeni/ | somba /soːmba/ | somba /somba/ |
| Bird | indege /indeɡe/ | chuni /tʃuni/ | cijuni /tʃidʒuni/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | linyonyi /liɲoɲi/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ |
| Egg | ilikhankha /ilixanxa/ | liye /lije/ | lindanda /lindanda/ | ilini /ilini/ | liki /liki/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ |
| Bear | dubu /dubu/ | dubu /dubu/ | — | bea /bea/ | itubu /itubu/ | — | — |
| Horse | ifalaasi /ifalaːsi/ | falasi /falasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | ifarasi /ifarasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ |
| House | ilitembe /ilitembe/ | ing'ande /iŋande/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | enzu /enzu/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Milk | utupyo /utupjo/ | mavele /mavele/ | maŵele /maβele/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | amabeere /amabeːre/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | maya /maja/ |
| Honey | uwuushi /uwuːʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | obushi /obuʃi/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ |
| Salt | umuunyo /umuːɲo/ | munyu /muɲu/ | njete /ndʒete/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Wine | idivaayi /idivaːji/ | divayi /divaji/ | divai /divai/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | idivai /idivai/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ |
| Iron | ishuuma /iʃuːma/ | chitale /tʃitale/ | chisyano /tʃisjano/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | eshibia /eʃibia/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ |
| Silk | haliili /haliːli/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | — | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| Book | ilitaafili /ilitaːfili/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | eshitabu /eʃitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ |
| Eat | kiilya /kiːlja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | khulia /kʰulia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ |
| Drink | kiingʼwa /kiːŋwa/ | kukumbila /kukumbila/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | khunywa /kʰuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Sleep | kigona /kiɡona/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | khukona /kʰukona/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ |
| One | imo /imo/ | nimo /nimo/ | mo /mo/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | ndala /ndala/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ |
| Two | sivili /sivili/ | vavili /vaʋili/ | iŵili /iβili/ | fibili /fibili/ | tsibili /tsibili/ | ibili /iβili/ | aviri /aβiri/ |
| Three | sitatu /sitatu/ | nnaatu /nːaːtu/ | sitatu /sitatu/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | tsitaru /tsitaru/ | idatu /idatu/ | itatu /itatu/ |
| Four | sina /sina/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | ncece /ntʃetʃe/ | fine /fine/ | tsine /tsine/ | inne /inːe/ | inne /inːe/ |
| Five | sisaanu /sisaːnu/ | mwaanu /mwaːnu/ | nsano /nsano/ | fisano /fisano/ | tsirano /tsirano/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itano /itano/ |
| Hundred | ligana /liɡana/ | miya /miːja/ | mia /mia/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | emia /emia/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ |
| Hello | mbasala /mbasala/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | salama /salama/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | mulembe /mulembe/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ |
| Thank you | nashukulu /naʃukulu/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | — /—/ | natotela /natotela/ | orio /orio/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /aˈsante/ |
| Good | inofu /inofu/ | mbone /mbone/ | chambone /tʃambone/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | malayi /malaji/ | soga /soɡa/ | kihi /kihi/ |
| New | ishipya /iʃipja/ | chahambi /tʃahambi/ | jasambano /dʒasambano/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | eshiyia /eʃijia/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ |
| Red | induuhu /induːhu/ | nahuvi /nahuvi/ | cheejewu /tʃeːdʒewu/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | kumafu /kumafu/ | laluku /laluku/ | ntune /ntune/ |
| White | imbalafu /imbalafu/ | naswe /naswe/ | cheswela /tʃeswela/ | buuta /buːta/ | eshilafu /eʃilafu/ | pe /pe/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ |
| Black | niitu /niːtu/ | napi /napi/ | chepiliu /tʃepiliu/ | fiita /fiːta/ | eshimali /eʃimali/ | pi /pi/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ |
| Ninety-nine | mashumi gonja ni gonja /maʃumi ɡonja ni ɡonja/ | tisini na tisa /tisini na tisa/ | makumi nsano ni ncece kwisa nsano ni ncece /makumi nsano ni ntʃetʃe kwisa nsano ni ntʃetʃe/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | amakhumi tisa na tisa /amaxumi tisa na tisa/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ |
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