Walmajarri
Pama-Nyungan (Ngumpin-Yapa)
Ngumpin-Yapa (Pama-Nyungan) language of the Great Sandy Desert and Fitzroy Valley. Walmajarri is split-ergative — pronouns pattern nominative-accusative while nouns are ergative-absolutive — and uses a rich system of bound pronominal clitics that attach to the second-position auxiliary, a hallmark of Ngumpin-Yapa.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Walmajarri
Sources
- Hudson, Joyce (1978) The Core of Walmatjari Grammar. AIAS, Canberra.
- Richards, Eirlys & Hudson, Joyce (1990) Walmajarri–English Dictionary. SIL.
- Glottolog: Walmajarri
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Pama-Nyungan (Ngumpin-Yapa)
| Meaning | Walmajarri | Warlpiri | Dyirbal | Martu Wangka | Lardil | Yangkaal | Nhanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | ngapa /ŋapa/ | bana /ˈbana/ | kapi /kapi/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | kapi /kapi/ |
| Fire | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | warlu /waɭu/ | buni /ˈbuni/ | waru /waɻu/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | ngida /ŋida/ | warla /waɻla/ |
| Sun | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | wanta /wanta/ | garri /ˈɡari/ | jirntu /ciɳʈu/ | warrka /waɾka/ | warrku /waɾku/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ |
| Moon | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | kirntangi /kiɳʈaŋi/ | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | panyalpa /paɲalpa/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ |
| Star | wirl /wiɭ/ | yanjilypiri /jaɲɟiʎpiɻi/ | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | kurtalya /kuʈaʎa/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | indiya /indija/ |
| Night | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | munga /muŋa/ | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | munga /muŋa/ | nata /nata/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | maru /maru/ |
| Rain | yurrikarra /jurikara/ | — | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | — | — | — | pundu /pundu/ |
| Wind | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | warlpa /waɭpa/ | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | walypa /ˈwaljpa/ | — | — | uudinu /uudinu/ |
| Earth | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | walya /walja/ | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | manta /manta/ | — | — | — |
| Stone | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | pirli /piɭi/ | diban /ɟiban/ | yapu /japu/ | — | — | — |
| Sea | jawurlata /ˈɟawuɭata/ | mangkuru /maŋkuɻu/ | — | kujungurru /kucuŋuru/ | — | — | — |
| Mother | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | ngati /ŋati/ | yabu /ˈjabu/ | yipi /jipi/ | ngama /ŋama/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ |
| Father | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | kirda /kiɖa/ | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | mama /mama/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ |
| Daughter | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | daman /ˈdaman/ | yurntalpa /juɳʈalpa/ | — | — | yurdu /juɖu/ |
| I | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ |
| You | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nginda /ŋinda/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | nyini /ɲini/ |
| We | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngalipa / nganimpa /ŋalipa / ŋanimpa/ | ngana /ŋana/ | — /—/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ |
| Name | yini /jini/ | yirdi /jiɖi/ | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yini /jini/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | nida /nida/ | yini /jini/ |
| Person | piyirn /ˈpijiɳ/ | yapa /japa/ | — | martu /maʈu/ | — | — | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ |
| Head | jurlu /ˈɟuɭu/ | jurru /ɟuru/ | — | kata /kata/ | — | — | — |
| Eye | mil /mil/ | milpa /milpa/ | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | kuru /kuɻu/ |
| Ear | pina /ˈpina/ | langa /laŋa/ | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | pina /pina/ | — | — | wurtka /wuʈka/ |
| Nose | punul /ˈpunul/ | mulyu /muʎu/ | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | mulya /muʎa/ | — | — | muttha /mut̪a/ |
| Tooth | lirra /lira/ | kartirdi /kaʈiɖi/ | dirra /dira/ | yirra /jira/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | damanda /damanda/ | idaji /idadʒi/ |
| Tongue | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | jalanypa /ɟalaɲpa/ | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | jarlinypa /caɭiɲpa/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ |
| Hand | kurrapa /kurapa/ | rdaka /ɖaka/ | mala /ˈmala/ | mara /maɻa/ | marlda /maɭda/ | — /—/ | mara /maɻa/ |
| Foot | jina /ˈɟina/ | wirliya /wiɭija/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | jina /cina/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | — | yina /jina/ |
| Heart | kurturlu /kuɭˈtuɭu/ | rduku-rduku /ɖukuɖuku/ | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | kurturtu /kuʈuʈu/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | — /—/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ |
| Bone | kiji /kiɟi/ | larrpa /laɾpa/ | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | tarrka /tarka/ | kadma /kadma/ | julda /ɟulda/ | mambu /mambu/ |
| Blood | nungu /nuŋu/ | yalyu /jaʎu/ | waguli /waɡuli/ | miji /miɟi/ | kanda /kanda/ | kandu /kandu/ | nguba /ŋuba/ |
| Poop | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | kuna /kuna/ | guna /ɡuna/ | — | — | — | wuna /wuna/ |
| Love | — /—/ | yulkami /julkami/ | — /—/ | mukulyu /mukuʎu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ |
| Tree | mana /mana/ | watiya /watija/ | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | warta /waʈa/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | — /—/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ |
| Dog | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | jarntu /ɟaɳʈu/ | guda /ˈɡuda/ | papa /papa/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | — /—/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ |
| Cat | — /—/ | mungalpa /muŋalpa/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | paka /paka/ |
| Fish | kapi /kapi/ | yawu /jawu/ | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | yurta /juʈa/ | yaka /jaka/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | wiitya /wiːca/ |
| Bird | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | jurlpu /ˈɟuɭpu/ | dundu /ˈdundu/ | pilurnpa /piluɳpa/ | — | — | — |
| Butterfly | pirrpirntipirnti /pirpiɳʈipiɳʈi/ | pinta-pinta /pintapinta/ | — | — | — | — | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ |
| Egg | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | ngipiri /ŋipiɻi/ | bambu /bambu/ | ngampu /ŋampu/ | — | — | — |
| Horse | dimana /ˈdimana/ | nantuwu /nantuwu/ | — | yawarta /jawaʈa/ | — | — | — |
| House | mayaru /majaɻu/ | yuwarli /juwaɭi/ | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | ngurra /ŋura/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | — /—/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ |
| Honey | karlaka /ˈkaɭaka/ | ngarlu /ŋaɭu/ | — | jurtipirri /cuʈipiri/ | — | — | — |
| Wine | wayin /ˈwajin/ | pama /pama/ | — | wama /wama/ | — | — | — |
| Rice | juraji /ˈɟuɻaɟi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Eat | nga- /ŋa/ | ngarni /ŋaɳi/ | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | ngalku- /ŋalku/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | — /—/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ |
| Drink | nga- /ŋa/ | purrami /puɾami/ | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | jikirnu /cikiɳu/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | — /—/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ |
| Sleep | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | jarda ngunami /ɟaɖa ŋunami/ | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | kunyalarri- /kuɲalari/ | — | — | wuupata /wuːpata/ |
| One | layi /laji/ | jinta /ɟinta/ | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | kuju /kucu/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | — /—/ | kuyu /kuju/ |
| Two | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | jirrama /ɟiɾama/ | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | kujarra /kucara/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ |
| Three | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | jirrama-kari-jinta /ɟiɾamakaɾiɟinta/ | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | yurri /juri/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | — /—/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Good | wulyu /wuʎu/ | ngurrju /ŋuɾɟu/ | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | palya /paʎa/ | kuba /kuba/ | — /—/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ |
| New | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | jalangu-warnu /ɟalaŋuwaɳu/ | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | nyuwanpa /ɲuwanpa/ | — | — | — |
| Red | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | yalyu-yalyu /jaʎujaʎu/ | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | miji-miji /miɟimiɟi/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ |
| White | parpjarti /ˈpaɻpɟaɻti/ | kardirri /kaɖiɾi/ | — | piirlpiirl /piːɭpiːɭ/ | — | — | wilidi /wilidi/ |
| Black | kurnkurn /kuɳkuɳ/ | kirdily /kiɖiʎ/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Sugar | walyarra /ˈwaʎara/ | juka /ɟuka/ | — | — | — | — | — |
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