Chilunda
룬다어
니제르콩고어족(대서양-콩고, Benue-Congo, 반투어군, Guthrie zone L.52)
룬다어, 곧 칠룬다는 거스리 분류 L.52의 반투어로, 잠비아 북서주가 앙골라 및 콩고민주공화국과 만나는 접경 지대에서 쓰인다. 그 화자는 룬다은뎀부이며, 이들의 의례 생활은 1950년대 빅터 터너의 현지조사를 통해 인류학에서 유명해졌다. 완전한 명사 부류 체계를 갖춘 전형적인 반투어로(kawa '개' 복수 tuwa, mutondu '나무' 복수 nyitondu, katumbwa '별' 복수 tutumbwa), 그 정서법은 문자 ŋ을 사용한다는 점에서 잠비아의 여러 언어 가운데 독특하다(Nzambi '신', kukeŋa '사랑하다', itaŋwa '해'). 룬다어에는 성서 완역본(1962년, 2004년 개정)이 있고 학교와 라디오에서도 쓰이지만 일상 어휘의 사전 편찬은 빈약하다. 온라인에서 자유롭게 이용할 수 있는 실질적인 룬다어 사전이 없어 현대 어휘의 상당 부분이 공개 자료에 기록되어 있지 않다. 므위닐룽가와 잠베지 지구의 농촌 지역에서는 전승이 여전히 굳건하다.
사용 지역
룬다어의 핵심 단어 87개
chocolate
wayifayi
출처
- Lunda-Ndembu Bible, Mukanda Wajila Wanzambi (2004), bible.com version 3305 (LNB04), and Mukanda waNzambi (1962), bible.com 3090 (water meji is the 1962 spelling, menji in 2004); English Wiktionary Lunda (meji "water"); ASJP LUNDA / LUNDA_1 / LUNDA_2 (confirmation). Standard dictionary not online: Fisher, M.K. (1985) Lunda-Ndembu Dictionary, Lusaka; White, C.M.N. (1957) A Lunda-English Vocabulary
단어 비교
같은 분류의 언어와 비교: 니제르콩고어족(대서양-콩고, Benue-Congo, 반투어군, Guthrie zone L.52)
| 뜻 | 룬다어 | 루발레어 | 루바카사이어 | 킴분두어 | 카온데어 | 벰바어 | 체와어 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 물 | meji /medʒi/ | meya /meja/ | mâyi /maːji/ | menha /meɲa/ | mema /mema/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| 불 | kesi /kesi/ | kakahya /kakahja/ | kapia /kapia/ | tubia /tubja/ | mujilo /mudʒilo/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| 해 | itaŋwa /itaŋwa/ | likumbi /likumbi/ | dîba /diːba/ | dikumbi /dikumbi/ | juba /dʒuba/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| 달 | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | kakweji /kakwedʒi/ | ngondo /ŋɡondo/ | mbeji /mbeʒi/ | ng'ondo /ŋondo/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| 별 | katumbwa /katumbwa/ | tanganyeka /taŋɡaˈɲeka/ | mutoto /mutoto/ | tetembwa /teˈtembwa/ | ntaanda /ntaːnda/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| 밤 | wufuku /wufuku/ | ufuku /ufuku/ | butuku /butuku/ | usuku /usuku/ | bufuku /bufuku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| 비 | nvula /nvula/ | vula /vula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | mvula /mvula/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| 눈 | — /—/ | mbundu /mbundu/ | neje /neʒe/ | neve /neve/ | sino /sino/ | ubunga bwa mfula /ubuŋɡa bwa mfula/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ |
| 바람 | mpepela /mpepela/ | peho /peho/ | tshipepele /tʃipepele/ | kitembu /kitembu/ | lubesha /lubeʃa/ | umwela /umwela/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| 흙 | iseki /iseki/ | mavu /mavu/ | buloba /buloba/ | mavu /mavu/ | mushiji /muʃidʒi/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| 돌 | ilola /ilola/ | lilolwa /lilolwa/ | dibue /diˈbwe/ | ditadi /ditadi/ | jibwe /dʒibwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| 산 | mpidi /mpidi/ | pili /pili/ | mukuna /mukuna/ | mulundu /mulundu/ | mutumba /mutumba/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| 바다 | kaluŋalwiji /kaluŋalwidʒi/ | kalungalwiji /kaluŋɡalwidʒi/ | mbuwu /mbuwu/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | kalunga /kaluŋɡa/ | bemba /bemba/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| 어머니 | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mâmu /maːmu/ | mama /mama/ | bamama /bamama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| 아버지 | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tâtu /taːtu/ | tata /tata/ | bataata /bataːta/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| 딸 | mwana wamumbanda /mwana wamumbanda/ | mwana wapwevo /mwana wapwevo/ | muana wa bakaji /muana wa bakaʒi/ | mona a muhatu /mona a muhatu/ | mwana wamukazhi /mwana wamukaʒi/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| 나 | ami /ami/ | ami /ami/ | meme /meme/ | eme /eme/ | amiwa /amiwa/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ |
| 너 | eyi /eji/ | ove /ove/ | wewe /wewe/ | eie /eje/ | obewa /obewa/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 우리 | etu /etu/ | etu /etu/ | tuetu /tuetu/ | etu /etu/ | atweba /atweba/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | ife /ife/ |
| 이름 | ijina /idʒina/ | lijina /liˈʒina/ | dîna /diːna/ | dijina /diˈʒina/ | jizhina /dʒiʒina/ | ishina /iʃina/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| 사람 | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mutu /mutu/ | muntu /muntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| 머리 | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutue /mutue/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| 눈 | disu /disu/ | liso /liso/ | dîsu /diːsu/ | disu /disu/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | diso /diso/ |
| 귀 | itu /itu/ | litwitwi /litwitwi/ | ditshu /ditʃu/ | ditui /ditui/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| 코 | izulu /izulu/ | lizulu /lizulu/ | diulu /diulu/ | dizulu /dizulu/ | moona /moːna/ | umona /umona/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| 입 | kanwa /kanwa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | mukana /mukana/ | dikanu /dikanu/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| 이 | iji /idʒi/ | lizo /lizo/ | dinu /dinu/ | dizu /dizu/ | jiino /dʒiːno/ | ilino /ilino/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| 혀 | idimi /idimi/ | limi /limi/ | ludimi /ludimi/ | dimi /dimi/ | lujimi /ludʒimi/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| 손 | chikasa /tʃikasa/ | livoko /livoko/ | tshianza /tʃianza/ | lukwaku /lukwaku/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| 발 | mwendu /mwendu/ | lihinji /lihindʒi/ | dikasa /dikasa/ | kinama /kinama/ | kuulu /kuːlu/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ |
| 마음 | muchima /mutʃima/ | mutima /mutima/ | mutshima /mutʃima/ | muxima /muʃima/ | muchima /mutʃima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| 뼈 | ifwaha /ifwaha/ | lifuwa /lifuwa/ | mufuba /mufuba/ | kifuba /kifuba/ | kupa /kupa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| 피 | mashi /maʃi/ | manyinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | manhinga /maɲiŋɡa/ | mashi /maʃi/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| 사랑 | kukeŋa /kukeŋa/ | zangi /zaŋɡi/ | dinanga /dinaŋɡa/ | henda /henda/ | butemwe /butemwe/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| 나무 | mutondu /mutondu/ | mutondo /mutondo/ | mutshi /mutʃi/ | muxi /muʃi/ | kichi /kitʃi/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| 개 | kawa /kawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | kabwa /kabwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| 고양이 | — /—/ | katako /katako/ | nyao /ɲao/ | kasalu /kasalu/ | kapuso /kapuso/ | pushi /puʃi/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| 물고기 | inshi /inʃi/ | shi /ʃi/ | mushipa /muʃipa/ | mbiji /mbiʒi/ | jisabi /dʒisabi/ | isabi /isabi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| 새 | kada /kada/ | kajila /kadʒila/ | nyunyu /ɲuɲu/ | njila /ndʒila/ | ng'onyi /ŋoɲi/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| 나비 | ipupwila /ipupwila/ | kauyauya /kaujauja/ | tshibiyibiyi /tʃibijibiji/ | kimbiambia /kimbjambja/ | kipupulwa /kipupulwa/ | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ |
| 달걀 | iteta /iteta/ | liulu /liulu/ | diyi /diji/ | diiaki /dijaki/ | jike /dʒike/ | ilini /ilini/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| 곰 | bera /bera/ | ulusu /ulusu/ | — | ulusu /ulusu/ | mbeyala /mbejala/ | bea /bea/ | — |
| 말 | kawalu /kawalu/ | kavalu /kavalu/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | kabalu /kabalu/ | mbili /mbili/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| 집 | itala /itala/ | zuvo /zuvo/ | nzubu /nzubu/ | inzo /inzo/ | nzubo /nzubo/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| 우유 | mayeli /majeli/ | mavele /mavele/ | mabele /mabele/ | lete /lete/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| 꿀 | wuchi /wutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buitshi /buitʃi/ | uiki /wiki/ | buki /buki/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| 소금 | muŋwa /muŋwa/ | mungwa /muŋɡwa/ | luepu /luepu/ | mungua /muŋɡwa/ | mukele /mukele/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| 포도주 | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | binyu /biɲu/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| 쌀 | losu /losu/ | loso /loso/ | losa /losa/ | loso /loso/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| 초콜릿 | chocolate | — | shokola | — | — | chokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ |
| 철 | chikuŋu /tʃikuŋu/ | fwelu /fwelu/ | tshiamu /tʃiamu/ | felu /felu/ | kapotwe /kapotwe/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| 바퀴 | kafumbu /kafumbu/ | lifumbo /lifumbo/ | lukata /lukata/ | dilola /dilola/ | kitanga /kitaŋɡa/ | umupeto /umupeto/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| 책 | mukanda /mukanda/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | mukanda /mukanda/ | divulu /divulu/ | buku /buku/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| 먹다 | kudya /kudja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kudia /kudia/ | kudya /kudja/ | kuja /kudʒa/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| 마시다 | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunua /kunua/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kutoma /kutoma/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| 자다 | kukama /kukama/ | kusavala /kusavala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kuzeka /kuzeka/ | kulaala /kulaːla/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| 하나 | wumu /wumu/ | mwe /mwe/ | umue /umue/ | moxi /moʃi/ | umo /umo/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| 둘 | ayedi /ajedi/ | vali /vali/ | ibidi /ibidi/ | iadi /jaːdi/ | babiji /babidʒi/ | fibili /fibili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| 셋 | satu /satu/ | tatu /tatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | basatu /basatu/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| 넷 | wana /wana/ | wana /wana/ | inai /inai/ | uana /wana/ | bana /bana/ | fine /fine/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| 다섯 | tanu /tanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | itanu /itanu/ | tanu /tanu/ | batanu /batanu/ | fisano /fisano/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| 백 | nkulakaji /nkulakadʒi/ | likulukaji /likulukadʒi/ | lukama /lukama/ | hama /hama/ | kitota /kitota/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ |
| 안녕하세요 | — /—/ | mwane /mwane/ | moyo /mojo/ | nga ku menekena /ŋɡa ku menekena/ | mwapoñai /mwapoɲai/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | moni /moni/ |
| 감사합니다 | nasakilili /nasakilili/ | nasakwilila /nasakwilila/ | tuasakidila /tuasakidila/ | nga ku sakidila /ŋɡa ku sakidila/ | nasanta /nasanta/ | natotela /natotela/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| 좋은 | chachiwahi /tʃatʃiwahi/ | mwaza /mwaza/ | impe /impe/ | kiambote /kiambote/ | kyawama /kjawama/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| 새로운 | chachiha /tʃatʃiha/ | chihya /tʃihja/ | mupia /mupia/ | kiobe /kjobe/ | kipya /kipja/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| 빨강 | chinana /tʃinana/ | chikuhwa /tʃikuhwa/ | kunze /kunze/ | kusuka /kusuka/ | chila /tʃila/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| 하양 | chitooka /tʃitoːka/ | chitoma /tʃitoma/ | toke /toke/ | kuzela /kuzela/ | toka /toka/ | buuta /buːta/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| 파랑 | wuzeeli /wuzeːli/ | — | fikuluke /fikuluke/ | mulombe /mulombe/ | — | — | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ |
| 컴퓨터 | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | kopyuta /kopjuta/ | ordinatere /ordinatere/ | komputadolo /komputadolo/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| 와이파이 | wayifayi | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| 차(茶) | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /tiji/ | tshiayi /tʃiaji/ | xá /ʃa/ | — | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ |
| 커피 | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kafe /kafe/ | kafé /kaˈfe/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| 설탕 | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | nsukadi /nsukadi/ | sukidi /suˈkidi/ | shuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| 99 | makumi atanu nawana natanu nawana /makumi atanu nawana natanu nawana/ | makumi atanu naawana navatanu navawana /makumi atanu naːwana navatanu navawana/ | makumi tshitema ne tshitema /makumi tʃitema ne tʃitema/ | makuinhi ivua ni ivua /makwiɲi ivwa ni ivwa/ | makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina /makumi atanu na ana ne itanu na ina/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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