chiManyika
마니카어
니제르콩고어족
마니카어(치마니카어)는 반투계 쇼나 군집(Glottolog S13a)의 언어로, 짐바브웨 동부 마니칼란드 주(무타레/구 음타리 주변)와 인접한 모잠비크 마니카 주 국경 지대에서 약 200만 명이 사용한다. 1931년 도크 통합 보고서에 따라 쇼나어의 방언으로 분류되었으나, 마니카어는 자체 어휘 목록, 음운적 특징(마니카 특유의 성조 패턴과 자음 약화), 풍부한 문학 전통을 가진 독립적인 군집 구성원으로 점점 인정받고 있다. 유명한 마니카어 사용자에는 즈빔바 지구 쿠타마 출생의 전 짐바브웨 총리 로버트 무가베가 포함된다. 200만 명의 사용자 수에도 불구하고 마니카어는 교육과 미디어에서 표준 쇼나어의 압력에 계속 직면하고 있다; 마니카 문학 전통은 찬송가, 구전사(응가노), 지역 시를 통해 보존된다.
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마니카어의 핵심 단어 87개
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단어 비교
같은 분류의 언어와 비교: 니제르콩고어족
| 뜻 | 마니카어 | 쇼나어 | 은다우어 | 세나어 | 툼부카어 | 잠비아 통가어 | 체와어 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 물 | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | meenda /meːnda/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| 불 | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| 해 | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | zuba /zuba/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| 달 | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| 별 | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| 밤 | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busiku /busiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| 비 | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | vula /ˈvula/ | imvula /imvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ |
| 바람 | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | muwo /muwo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| 흙 | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /ivu/ | mataka /mataka/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ |
| 돌 | ibwe /iɓwe/ | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | buwe /buwe/ | mwala /mwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ |
| 산 | gomo /ɡomo/ | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ |
| 바다 | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ | bara /bara/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| 어머니 | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | amama /amama/ | bama /bama/ | amayi /amaji/ |
| 아버지 | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | adada /adada/ | bataata /bataːta/ | abambo /abambo/ |
| 딸 | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ |
| 나 | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ | ine /ine/ |
| 너 | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| 우리 | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isusu /isusu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | iswe /iswe/ | ife /ife/ |
| 이름 | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| 사람 | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| 머리 | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | soro /soro/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| 눈 | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | dziso /dziso/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | liso /liso/ | diso /diso/ |
| 귀 | nzeve /nzeve/ | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzee /nzee/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kutwi /kutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| 코 | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | miro /miro/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | impemo /impemo/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ |
| 입 | muromo /muromo/ | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ |
| 이 | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | linyo /liɲo/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| 혀 | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | mulaka /mulaka/ | lilime /lilime/ |
| 손 | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | ruoko /rwoko/ | nyara /ɲara/ | nkono /nkono/ | woko /woko/ | kuboko /kuboko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ |
| 마음 | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | moyo /mojo/ | mtima /mtima/ |
| 뼈 | godo /ɡodo/ | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ | fupa /fupa/ |
| 피 | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ | malopa /malopa/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | bulowa /bulowa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ |
| 똥 | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | mavi /mavi/ | tubi /tubi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ |
| 사랑 | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | luyando /lujando/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ |
| 나무 | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ |
| 개 | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | muvwa /muvwa/ | galu /ɡalu/ |
| 고양이 | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ | chona /tʃona/ | kaaze /kaːze/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ |
| 물고기 | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | omba /omba/ | somba /somba/ | inswi /inswi/ | nsomba /nsomba/ |
| 새 | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | kayuni /kajuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ |
| 달걀 | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | zanda /zanda/ | dzai /dzai/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | iji /idʒi/ | dzira /dzira/ |
| 말 | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ |
| 집 | mhatso /mhatso/ | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| 우유 | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| 꿀 | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| 소금 | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyo /muɲo/ | mchere /mtʃere/ |
| 포도주 | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | vhini /vini/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| 쌀 | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| 철 | simbi /simbi/ | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | utale /utale/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | butale /butale/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ |
| 바퀴 | vhiri /βiri/ | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /viɾi/ | roda /roda/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ |
| 비단 | siriki /siriki/ | sirika /sirika/ | sirika /siɾika/ | seda /seda/ | siliki /siliki/ | — | silika /silika/ |
| 책 | bhuku /buku/ | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | tsamba /tsamba/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | buku /buku/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| 먹다 | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| 마시다 | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| 자다 | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kurara /kuˈrara/ | kuata /kuata/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | koona /koːna/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| 하나 | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | potsi /potsi/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | posi /posi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | mwi /mwi/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ |
| 둘 | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | bili /bili/ | awiri /awiri/ |
| 셋 | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ | zitatu /zitatu/ |
| 넷 | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | rongomuna /ɾoŋɡomuna/ | pinai /pinai/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | ne /ne/ | zinayi /zinaji/ |
| 다섯 | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | musanu /musanu/ | sanu /sanu/ |
| 백 | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ | zana /zana/ |
| 안녕하세요 | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoro /mʱoro/ | mhoroi /mʰoɾoji/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ | moni /moni/ |
| 감사합니다 | mazviita /mazviita/ | maita /maita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | yewo /jewo/ | twalumba /twalumba/ | zikomo /zikomo/ |
| 좋은 | kunaka /kunaka/ | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kabotu /kabotu/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ |
| 새로운 | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | tsva /tsva/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | pya /pja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ |
| 빨강 | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | funga /funɡa/ | swesi /swesi/ | subila /subila/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ |
| 하양 | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | cena /tʃena/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | salala /salala/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ |
| 검정 | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | svipa /svipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | fipa /fipa/ | siya /sija/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ |
| 99 | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ |
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