Favorlang
Kibabuza
Kiaustronesia (Formosan — Nyanda za Magharibi, Babuza-Taokas)
Babuza (inayojulikana zaidi katika isimu kama Favorlang, jina la wamishonari Waholanzi kwa mojawapo ya lahaja zake) ilikuwa lugha ya Kiformosa ya Tambarare za Magharibi ya kundi la Babuza-Taokas, iliyozungumzwa katika tambarare ya kati-magharibi ya Taiwan kuzunguka Kaunti ya kisasa ya Changhua. Ni mojawapo ya lugha chache sana za Kiformosa ambazo umbo lake la kabla ya uzamani la karne ya 17 limeandikwa kwa wingi: wamishonari Warekebisho Waholanzi wa VOC walitengeneza kamusi ya Favorlang–Kiholanzi ya Gilbertus Happart ya mwaka takriban 1650 (iliyochapishwa mwaka 1842 tu na van der Vlis), tafsiri ya Daniel Gravius ya mwaka 1661 ya Injili za Mathayo na Yohana, na katekisimu — jambo linalofanya Favorlang, pamoja na Siraya, kuwa lugha ya Kiformosa iliyoshuhudiwa vyema zaidi ya kipindi cha Formosa ya Kiholanzi (1624–1662). Babuza ilikuwa kimsingi imetoweka kama lugha ya jamii kufikia mwanzoni mwa karne ya 20 chini ya Usinishaji wa Wahan wa enzi ya Qing uliofuatana na uigizaji wa enzi ya Kijapani, ingawa utambulisho wa wazao unahuishwa chini ya harakati pana zaidi ya wenyeji wa tambarare wa Pingpu. Kama lugha nyingine za Kiformosa, ina umuhimu mkubwa kwa ujenzi upya wa Proto-Austronesia.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kibabuza
Vyanzo
- Happart, Gilbertus (c. 1650, ms.) Woord-boek der Favorlangsche taal — Dutch East India Company missionary dictionary, MS. preserved at Batavia and later The Hague
- van der Vlis, C. J. (1842) Formosaansche woorden-lijst, volgens een Utrechtsch handschrift. Verhandelingen van het Bataviaasch Genootschap 18:437–488 — publication of Happart's ms.
- Gravius, Daniel (1661) Het Heylige Euangelium Matthei en Johannis ofte Hagnau ka d'llig matiktik ka na sasoulat ti Mattheus ti Johannes appa — Favorlang translation of the Gospels of Matthew and John
- Medhurst, W. H. (1840) Dictionary of the Favorlang Dialect of the Formosan Language. Batavia: Parapattan
- Tsuchida, Shigeru (2000) "Lexical Prefixes and Prefix Harmony in Siraya", in Grammatical Analysis: Morphology, Syntax, and Semantics — Studies in Honor of Stanley Starosta, Pacific Linguistics
- Glottolog: Babuza (babu1240)
- Ethnologue: bzg
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustronesia (Formosan — Nyanda za Magharibi, Babuza-Taokas)
| Maana | Kibabuza | Proto-Austronesia | Kiitbayaten | Kipazeh | Kiyangkaal | Kimalei cha Kale | Kiivatan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | zalum /zalum/ | *daNum /daNum/ | ranom /ranom/ | dalum /dalum/ | nguku /ŋuku/ | air /air/ | danom /danom/ |
| Moto | chau /tʃau/ | *Sapuy /Sapuy/ | hapoy /hapoj/ | hapuy /hapuj/ | ngida /ŋida/ | api /api/ | apoy /apoj/ |
| Jua | — /—/ | *waRi /waRi/ | araw /araw/ | rizax /ɾizax/ | warrku /waɾku/ | matari /matari/ | araw /araw/ |
| Mwezi | zilias /siliəs/ | *bulaN /bulaN/ | voxan /voɣan/ | ilas /ilas/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ | bulan /bulan/ | vohan /vohan/ |
| Nyota | botto /botːo/ | *bituqen /bituqen/ | vitoen /vitoɨn/ | mintol /mintol/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | vitohen /vitohɨn/ |
| Usiku | bini /bini/ | *beRŋi /beʀŋi/ | aʼxep /aʔɣɨp/ | xinian /xinian/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ | malam /malam/ | maʼhep /maʔhɨp/ |
| Mvua | oetas /utas/ | *quzaN /quzaN/ | timoy /timoj/ | udan /udan/ | — | — | timoy /timoj/ |
| Upepo | barri /barːi/ | *bali /bali/ | sarawsaw /sarawsaw/ | bari /baɾi/ | — | — | salawsaw /salawsaw/ |
| Udongo | ta /ta/ | *taneq /taneq/ | tana /tana/ | daxe /daxəʔ/ | — | — | tana /tana/ |
| Jiwe | bato /bato/ | *batu /batu/ | vato /vato/ | batu /batu/ | — | batu /batu/ | bato /bato/ |
| Mlima | sjach /ʃatʃ/ | *bukij /bukij/ | — | — | — | — | tokon /tokon/ |
| Bahari | abas /abas/ | *tenem /tenem/ | hawa /hawa/ | awas /awas/ | — | — | taaw /taaw/ |
| Mama | nai /nai/ | *ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ | ibu /ibu/ | ina /ina/ |
| Baba | tama /tama/ | *ama /ama/ | ama /ama/ | aba /aba/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ | bapa /bapa/ | ama /ama/ |
| Mimi | ka-ina /kaina/ | *aku /aku/ | yaken /jakɨn/ | yaku /jaku/ | ngada /ŋada/ | aku /aku/ | yaken /jakɨn/ |
| Wewe | ijo /ijo/ | *iSu /iSu/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ | isiu /isiu/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ | kamu /kamu/ | ʼimo /ʔimo/ |
| Sisi | totto / namo /toto / namo/ | *kita / *kami /kita / kami/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ | ita / yami /ita / jami/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | yaten / yamen /jatɨn / jamɨn/ |
| Jina | naan /naːn/ | *ŋajan /ŋajan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngadan /ŋadan/ | nida /nida/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ |
| Mtu | cho /tʃo/ | *Cau /tsau/ | tawo /tawo/ | saw /saw/ | — | — | tao /tao/ |
| Kichwa | oeno /uno/ | *quluh /quluh/ | oxo /oɣo/ | punu /punu/ | — | — | oho /oho/ |
| Jicho | macha /matʃa/ | *maCa /maCa/ | mata /mata/ | daurik /dauɾik/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Sikio | charrina /tʃarːina/ | *Caliŋa /tsaliŋa/ | talinya /taliɲa/ | sainga /saiŋa/ | — | — | tadinya /tadiɲa/ |
| Pua | not /not/ | *ujuŋ /ujuŋ/ | mohdan /mohdan/ | muzing /muziŋ/ | — | — | mohed /mohɨd/ |
| Mdomo | ranied /ranied/ | — | vivih /vivih/ | ahan /ahan/ | — | — | vivi /vivi/ |
| Jino | sien /sien/ | *nipen /nipen/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ | lepeng /ləpəŋ/ | damanda /damanda/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | nyipen /ɲipɨn/ |
| Ulimi | tacira /tatsira/ | *Sema /Sema/ | rila /rila/ | dahama /dahama/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ | lidah /lidah/ | rida /rida/ |
| Mkono | rima /rima/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | rima /ɾima/ | — /—/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tanoro /tanoro/ |
| Mguu | asiel /asiel/ | *qaqay /qaqay/ | ayi /aji/ | karaw /kaɾaw/ | — | — | kokod /kokod/ |
| Moyo | — /—/ | *pusuq /pusuq/ | tawor /tawor/ | baga /baɡa/ | — /—/ | hati /hati/ | tawol /tawol/ |
| Mfupa | ot /ot/ | *CuqelaN /CuqelaN/ | toʼxang /toʔɣaŋ/ | bul /bul/ | julda /ɟulda/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tohang /tohaŋ/ |
| Damu | taga /taɡa/ | *daRaq /daRaq/ | raya /raja/ | damu /damu/ | kandu /kandu/ | darah /darah/ | raya /raja/ |
| Kinyesi | che /tʃe/ | *Caqi /tsaqi/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | addaw /addaw/ |
| Mti | baron /baron/ | *kaSiw /kaSiw/ | kayoh /kajoh/ | kahuy /kahuj/ | — /—/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayo /kajo/ |
| Mbwa | mado /mado/ | *asu /asu/ | tito /tito/ | wazu /wazu/ | — /—/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | cito /tʃito/ |
| Paka | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | ci /tsi/ | *Sikan /Sikan/ | among /amoŋ/ | alaw /alaw/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ | ikan /ikan/ | among /amoŋ/ |
| Ndege | mampa /mampa/ | *manuk /manuk/ | kangkang /kaŋkaŋ/ | ayam /ajam/ | — | burung /buruŋ/ | manomanok /manomanok/ |
| Yai | rini /rini/ | *qiCeluR /qicəlur/ | ittiiyoy /ittiijoj/ | batu pataru /batu pataɾu/ | — | — | ottioy /ottioj/ |
| Dubu | choma /tʃoma/ | *Cumay /Cumay/ | — | — | — | — | — |
| Nyumba | don /don/ | *Rumaq /Rumaq/ | vaxay /vaɣaj/ | xuma /xuma/ | — /—/ | rumah /rumah/ | vahay /vahaj/ |
| Asali | babaor /babaor/ | — | — | — | — | — | polot /polot/ |
| Chumvi | sassi /sasi/ | *qasiRa /qasiRa/ | asin /asin/ | pahah /pahah/ | — | garam /ɡaram/ | asin /asin/ |
| Mchele | dasso /dasːo/ | *beRas /beRas/ | paray /paraj/ | — | — | — | — |
| Chuma | dippi /dipːi/ | *Namat /Namat/ | — | — | — | — | vahayang /vahajaŋ/ |
| Kitabu | bido /bido/ | — | — | babizu /babizu/ | — | — | libro /libro/ |
| Kula | maan /maːn/ | *kaen /kaen/ | koman /koman/ | mekan /məkan/ | — /—/ | makan /makan/ | koman /koman/ |
| Kunywa | minum /minum/ | *inum /inum/ | ominom /ominom/ | mimaazip /mimaːzip/ | — /—/ | minum /minum/ | ominom /ominom/ |
| Kulala | summara /sumːara/ | *tuduR /tuduR/ | makahicex /makahitʃɨɣ/ | masuaw /masuaw/ | — | tidur /tidur/ | makayceh /makajtʃɨh/ |
| Moja | nata /nata/ | *isa /isa/ | aʼsa /aʔsa/ | adang /adaŋ/ | — /—/ | sa /sa/ | asa /asa/ |
| Mbili | naroa /naroa/ | *duSa /duSa/ | doha /doha/ | dusa /dusa/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ | dua /dua/ | dadwa /dadwa/ |
| Tatu | torro /torːo/ | *telu /telu/ | atlo /atlo/ | turu /tuɾu/ | — /—/ | tlu /tlu/ | tatdo /tatdo/ |
| Nne | naspat /naspat/ | *Sepat /səpat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ | supat /supat/ | — | mpat /əmpat/ | aʼpat /aʔpat/ |
| Tano | nachab /natʃab/ | *lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | xasep /xasəp/ | — | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | Kapian capa nu dios /kapian tʃapa nu dios/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | Dios mamajes /dios mamahes/ |
| Nzuri | — /—/ | — /—/ | mapia /mapia/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | baik /baik/ | mapia /mapia/ |
| Mpya | bao /bao/ | *baqeRuh /baqeRuh/ | vaʼyo /vaʔjo/ | xias /xias/ | — | — | vayo /vajo/ |
| Nyekundu | makakas /makakas/ | *ma-iRaq /ma-iRaq/ | mavayah /mavajah/ | lubahing /lubahiŋ/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ | merah /merah/ | mavaya /mavaja/ |
| Nyeupe | mabukkas /mabukas/ | *ma-putiq /maputiq/ | mahilak /mahilak/ | risilaw /ɾisilaw/ | — | putih /putih/ | maydak /majdak/ |
| Nyeusi | makosum /makosum/ | *qeCeŋeN /qeCeŋeN/ | mavaeng /mavaɨŋ/ | terehen /təɾəhən/ | — | hitam /hitam/ | mavaheng /mavahɨŋ/ |
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