Chimakonde
Kimakonde
Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Yao-Makonde)
Kimakonde (Chimakonde, pia Shimakonde) ni lugha ya Kibantu inayoenea pande zote mbili za mpaka wa Tanzania na Msumbiji katika Uwanda wa Juu wa Makonde. Watu wa Makonde wanajulikana ulimwenguni kote kwa utamaduni wao wa uchongaji wa mpingo (vinyago vya mapiko, vitu vya kitamaduni vya lipico) — UNESCO ilitambua mchezo wa vinyago vya mapiko vya Makonde kuwa Urithi Usioshikika mwaka 2008. Wamakonde wa Msumbiji waliongoza mapambano ya silaha ya FRELIMO ya kudai uhuru (1964-74), na hivyo kuipa lugha utambulisho mkubwa wa kisiasa kusini mwa mpaka. Lahaja za kaskazini (Tanzania) na za kusini (Msumbiji) zinatofautiana kwa kiasi kikubwa; mpaka wake kwa sehemu ni Mto Ruvuma.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimakonde
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Yao-Makonde)
| Maana | Kimakonde | Kiyao | Kisukuma | Kisangu | Kinyamwezi | Kitumbuka | Kinyaturu |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | medi /medi/ | meesi /meːsi/ | minzi /minzi/ | amalenga /amalenɡa/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | maji /madʒi/ |
| Moto | moto /moto/ | mooto /moːto/ | moto /moto/ | umooto /umoːto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | liduva /liduva/ | lyuŵa /ʎuβa/ | liimi /liːmi/ | ilijuva /ilijuva/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ |
| Mwezi | mwedi /mwedi/ | lwesi /lwesi/ | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | umwesi /umwesi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ |
| Nyota | inondwa /inondwa/ | ndondwa /ndondwa/ | sonda /sonda/ | inondwe /inondwe/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | njota /ndʒota/ |
| Usiku | chilo /tʃilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | bujiku /budʒiku/ | paashilo /paːʃilo/ | buziku /buziku/ | usiku /usiku/ | utiku /utiku/ |
| Mvua | imbula /imbula/ | ula /ula/ | mbula /mbula/ | inoonya /inoːɲa/ | mbula /mbula/ | vula /ˈvula/ | mbura /mbura/ |
| Upepo | lipungo /lipuŋɡo/ | mbungo /mbuŋɡo/ | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | ilipepo /ilipepo/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mpefo /mpefo/ |
| Udongo | ulongo /uloŋɡo/ | litaka /litaka/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | ililongo /ililoŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ |
| Jiwe | liyanga /lijaŋɡa/ | liganga /liɡaŋɡa/ | iwe /iwe/ | ilingʼanga /iliŋaŋɡa/ | iwe /iwe/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ |
| Mlima | lichinga /litʃiŋɡa/ | chitumbi /tʃitumbi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | ishidunda /iʃidunda/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ |
| Bahari | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahali /bahali/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | irambo /iɾambo/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | amao /amao/ | mayu /maju/ | umaayi /umaːji/ | mayu /maju/ | amama /amama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | baba /baba/ | atati /atati/ | baba /baba/ | udaada /udaːda/ | baba /baba/ | adada /adada/ | tata /tata/ |
| Binti | nahaku /nahaku/ | mwali /mwali/ | nshike /nʃike/ | mwali /mwali/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | muncha /muntʃa/ |
| Mimi | une /une/ | une /une/ | nene /nene/ | one /one/ | nene /ˈnene/ | ine /ine/ | une /une/ |
| Wewe | uve /uve/ | ugwe /uɡwe/ | bebe /bebe/ | owe /owe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| Sisi | hwetu /hwetu/ | uwe /uwe/ | yise /jise/ | ose /ose/ | iswe /iswe/ | ise /ise/ | sese /sese/ |
| Jina | lina /lina/ | liina /liːna/ | lina /lina/ | ilitaawa /ilitaːwa/ | lina /ˈlina/ | zina /zina/ | rina /ɾina/ |
| Mtu | munu /munu/ | mundu /mundu/ | munhu /munhu/ | umuunu /umuːnu/ | munhu /munhu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | muntu /muntu/ |
| Kichwa | muti /muti/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ | itwe /itwe/ |
| Jicho | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | iliiho /iliːho/ | liso /liso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | riho /riho/ |
| Sikio | likutu /likutu/ | liwiwi /liwiwi/ | gutu /ɡutu/ | ilikutu /ilikutu/ | itwi /itwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ |
| Pua | imula /imula/ | lupula /lupula/ | lyulu /ljulu/ | imula /imula/ | nindo /nindo/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ |
| Mdomo | kanya /kaɲa/ | kang'wa /kaŋwa/ | nomo /nomo/ | umulomo /umulomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | momo /momo/ |
| Jino | lino /lino/ | liino /liːno/ | lino /lino/ | iliino /iliːno/ | lino /lino/ | jino /dʒino/ | ino /ino/ |
| Ulimi | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulumili /ulumili/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ |
| Mkono | nkono /nkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | iliwokho /iliwoxo/ | kukono /kukono/ | woko /woko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ |
| Mguu | likambatu /likambatu/ | lukongolo /lukoŋɡolo/ | lupambala /lupambala/ | iligulu /iliɡulu/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | lundi /lundi/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ |
| Moyo | ntima /ntima/ | ntima /ntima/ | ng'holo /ŋholo/ | inumbula /inumbula/ | moyo /mojo/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Mfupa | ligwangwa /liɡwaŋɡwa/ | liupa /liupa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ilifupa /ilifupa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | ikufa /ikufa/ |
| Damu | myadi /mjadi/ | miasi /miasi/ | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | idanda /idanda/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | sakami /sakami/ |
| Kinyesi | mavi /mavi/ | manyi /maɲi/ | maashi /maːʃi/ | mafi /mafi/ | maafi /maːfi/ | mavi /mavi/ | — |
| Upendo | kupenda /kupenda/ | unonyelo /unoɲelo/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | ulugano /uluɡano/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ |
| Mti | nnandi /nːandi/ | chitela /tʃitela/ | nti /nti/ | umupishi /umupiʃi/ | muti /muti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | umuti /umuti/ |
| Mbwa | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mva /mva/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Paka | imaaka /imaːka/ | paka /paka/ | nyabu /ɲabu/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | chona /tʃona/ | paka /paka/ |
| Samaki | homba /homba/ | somba /somba/ | ndilo /ndilo/ | inswi /inswi/ | somba /soːmba/ | somba /somba/ | somba /somba/ |
| Ndege | chuni /tʃuni/ | chijuni /tʃidʒuni/ | noni /noni/ | indege /indeɡe/ | noni /noni/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ |
| Kipepeo | lipuluputu /lipuluputu/ | chipuluputwa /tʃipuluputwa/ | ibalabapu /ibalabapu/ | — | — | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | — |
| Yai | liye /lije/ | lindanda /lindanda/ | igi /iɡi/ | ilikhankha /ilixanxa/ | igi /iɡi/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | ighe /iɣe/ |
| Dubu | dubu /dubu/ | dubu /dubu/ | nduba /nduba/ | dubu /dubu/ | — | — | — |
| Farasi | falasi /falasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | falasa /falasa/ | ifalaasi /ifalaːsi/ | falasi /falasi/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ |
| Nyumba | ing'ande /iŋande/ | nyuumba /ɲuːmba/ | numba /numba/ | ilitembe /ilitembe/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | mavele /mavele/ | maŵele /maβele/ | mabeele /mabeːle/ | utupyo /utupjo/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | maya /maja/ |
| Asali | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buuki /buːki/ | uwuushi /uwuːʃi/ | buuki /buːki/ | uchi /utʃi/ | ruke /ruke/ |
| Chumvi | munyu /muɲu/ | njete /ndʒete/ | munhu /munhu/ | umuunyo /umuːɲo/ | munu /munu/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | divayi /divaji/ | divai /divai/ | mvinya /mviɲa/ | idivaayi /idivaːji/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | divai /divai/ |
| Mchele | nnyele /nɲele/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — | — | — | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | — |
| Chuma | chitale /tʃitale/ | chisyano /tʃisjano/ | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | ishuuma /iʃuːma/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ |
| Hariri | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | haliili /haliːli/ | — | siliki /siliki/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ |
| Kitabu | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | ilitaafili /ilitaːfili/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | buku /buku/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ |
| Kula | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kiilya /kiːlja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kuria /kuɾia/ |
| Kunywa | kukumbila /kukumbila/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kiingʼwa /kiːŋwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kulala /kulala/ | kigona /kiɡona/ | kulala /kulala/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ |
| Moja | nimo /nimo/ | mo /mo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | umwe /umwe/ |
| Mbili | vavili /vaʋili/ | iŵili /iβili/ | ibili /ibili/ | sivili /sivili/ | ibili /iβili/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | aviri /aβiri/ |
| Tatu | nnaatu /nːaːtu/ | sitatu /sitatu/ | idatu /idatʊ/ | sitatu /sitatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | itatu /itatu/ |
| Nne | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | ine /ine/ | sina /sina/ | inne /inːe/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | inne /inːe/ |
| Tano | mwaanu /mwaːnu/ | nsano /nsano/ | itano /itano/ | sisaanu /sisaːnu/ | itaano /itaːno/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | itano /itano/ |
| Mia | miya /miːja/ | mia /mia/ | igana /iɡana/ | ligana /liɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | zana /zana/ | ighana /iɣana/ |
| Habari | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | salama /salama/ | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mbasala /mbasala/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | monire /moniɾe/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ |
| Asante | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | — /—/ | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | nashukulu /naʃukulu/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | yewo /jewo/ | asante /aˈsante/ |
| Nzuri | mbone /mbone/ | chambone /tʃambone/ | awiza /awiza/ | inofu /inofu/ | soga /soɡa/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | kihi /kihi/ |
| Mpya | chahambi /tʃahambi/ | jasambano /dʒasambano/ | pya /pja/ | ishipya /iʃipja/ | pya /pja/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | mpya /mpja/ |
| Nyekundu | nahuvi /nahuvi/ | chechejeu /tʃetʃedʒeu/ | ndulu /ndulu/ | induuhu /induːhu/ | laluku /laluku/ | swesi /swesi/ | ntune /ntune/ |
| Nyeupe | naswe /naswe/ | cheswela /tʃeswela/ | ape /ape/ | imbalafu /imbalafu/ | pe /pe/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ |
| Nyeusi | napi /napi/ | chepiliu /tʃepiliu/ | api /api/ | niitu /niːtu/ | pi /pi/ | fipa /fipa/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ |
| 99 | tisini na tisa /tisini na tisa/ | makumi msano ni mcece kwisa msano ni mcece /makumi msano ni mtʃetʃe kwisa msano ni mtʃetʃe/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | mashumi gonja ni gonja /maʃumi ɡonja ni ɡonja/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ |
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