Chiyao
Kiyao
Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Yao-Makonde)
Kiyao (chiyao, pia huandikwa ciyawo) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya P21 inayoenea katika eneo la mpaka wa nchi tatu wa Msumbiji-Malawi-Tanzania kwenye ncha ya kusini ya Ziwa Malawi. Wayao walikuwa viongozi wakuu wa biashara ya misafara katika karne ya 19, wakidhibiti njia kutoka pwani ya Zanzibar hadi Ziwa Malawi — sababu mojawapo iliyofanya Kiyao kuenea kama lugha ya mawasiliano ya kikanda. Wengi wao ni Waislamu (kipekee cha kuvutia miongoni mwa jamii za Kibantu zinazowazunguka ambazo kwa kiasi kikubwa ni Wakristo au waabudu mizimu). Tambiko la kuwapokeza wasichana la unyago ni taasisi ya kitamaduni inayowabainisha. Ni lugha ya toni yenye viwango vitano vya toni vinavyotofautiana.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiyao
chokoleti
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Atlantiki-Kongo (Kibantu, Yao-Makonde)
| Maana | Kiyao | Kimakonde | Kinyamwezi | Kisangu | Kinyaturu | Kibemba | Kitumbuka |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | meesi /meːsi/ | medi /medi/ | minzi /minzi/ | amalenga /amalenɡa/ | maji /madʒi/ | amenshi /amenʃi/ | maji /madʒi/ |
| Moto | mooto /moːto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | umooto /umoːto/ | moto /moto/ | umulilo /umulilo/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | lyuŵa /ʎuβa/ | liduva /liduva/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | ilijuva /ilijuva/ | yura /juɾa/ | akasuba /akasuba/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ |
| Mwezi | lwesi /lwesi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | umwesi /umwesi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | umweshi /umweʃi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Nyota | ndondwa /ndondwa/ | inondwa /inondwa/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | inondwe /inondwe/ | njota /ndʒota/ | intanda /intanda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| Usiku | chilo /tʃilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | buziku /buziku/ | paashilo /paːʃilo/ | utiku /utiku/ | ubushiku /ubuʃiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Mvua | ula /ula/ | imbula /imbula/ | mbula /mbula/ | inoonya /inoːɲa/ | mbura /mbura/ | imfula /imˈfula/ | vula /ˈvula/ |
| Upepo | mbungo /mbuŋɡo/ | lipungo /lipuŋɡo/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | ilipepo /ilipepo/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | umwela /umwela/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ |
| Udongo | litaka /litaka/ | ulongo /uloŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | ililongo /ililoŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | umushili /umuʃili/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ |
| Jiwe | liganga /liɡaŋɡa/ | liyanga /lijaŋɡa/ | iwe /iwe/ | ilingʼanga /iliŋaŋɡa/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | ibwe /iˈbwe/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ |
| Mlima | chitumbi /tʃitumbi/ | lichinga /litʃiŋɡa/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | ishidunda /iʃidunda/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | ulupili /ulupili/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ |
| Bahari | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bahali /bahali/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bemba /bemba/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ |
| Mama | amao /amao/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | umaayi /umaːji/ | mama /mama/ | bamayo /bamajo/ | amama /amama/ |
| Baba | atati /atati/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | udaada /udaːda/ | tata /tata/ | bataata /bataːta/ | adada /adada/ |
| Binti | mwali /mwali/ | nahaku /nahaku/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | mwali /mwali/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | umwana mwanakashi /umwana mwanakaʃi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ |
| Mimi | une /une/ | une /une/ | nene /ˈnene/ | one /one/ | une /une/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ |
| Wewe | ugwe /uɡwe/ | uve /uve/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | owe /owe/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | uwe /uwe/ | hwetu /hwetu/ | iswe /iswe/ | ose /ose/ | sese /sese/ | ifwe /ifwe/ | ise /ise/ |
| Jina | liina /liːna/ | lina /lina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | ilitaawa /ilitaːwa/ | rina /ɾina/ | ishina /iʃina/ | zina /zina/ |
| Mtu | mundu /mundu/ | munu /munu/ | munhu /munhu/ | umuunu /umuːnu/ | muntu /muntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| Kichwa | ntwe /ntwe/ | muti /muti/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Jicho | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | iliiho /iliːho/ | riho /riho/ | ilinso /ilinso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ |
| Sikio | liwiwi /liwiwi/ | likutu /likutu/ | itwi /itwi/ | ilikutu /ilikutu/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | ukutwi /ukutwi/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| Pua | lupula /lupula/ | imula /imula/ | nindo /nindo/ | imula /imula/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | umona /umona/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ |
| Mdomo | kang'wa /kaŋwa/ | kanya /kaɲa/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | umulomo /umulomo/ | momo /momo/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ |
| Jino | liino /liːno/ | lino /lino/ | lino /lino/ | iliino /iliːno/ | ino /ino/ | ilino /ilino/ | jino /dʒino/ |
| Ulimi | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulumili /ulumili/ | urimi /urimi/ | ululimi /ululimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| Mkono | nkono /nkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | iliwokho /iliwoxo/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | woko /woko/ |
| Mguu | lukongolo /lukoŋɡolo/ | likambatu /likambatu/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | iligulu /iliɡulu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | ulukasa /ulukasa/ | lundi /lundi/ |
| Moyo | ntima /ntima/ | ntima /ntima/ | moyo /mojo/ | inumbula /inumbula/ | umutima /umutima/ | umutima /umutima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ |
| Mfupa | liupa /liupa/ | ligwangwa /liɡwaŋɡwa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ilifupa /ilifupa/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | ifupa /ifupa/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ |
| Damu | miasi /miasi/ | myadi /mjadi/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | idanda /idanda/ | sakami /sakami/ | umulopa /umulopa/ | ndopa /ndopa/ |
| Kinyesi | manyi /maɲi/ | mavi /mavi/ | maafi /maːfi/ | mafi /mafi/ | — | amafi /amafi/ | mavi /mavi/ |
| Upendo | unonyelo /unoɲelo/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | ulugano /uluɡano/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | ukutemwa /ukutemwa/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ |
| Mti | chitela /tʃitela/ | nnandi /nːandi/ | muti /muti/ | umupishi /umupiʃi/ | umuti /umuti/ | icimuti /itʃimuti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ |
| Mbwa | mbwa /mbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ |
| Paka | paka /paka/ | imaaka /imaːka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | pushi /puʃi/ | chona /tʃona/ |
| Samaki | somba /somba/ | homba /homba/ | somba /soːmba/ | inswi /inswi/ | somba /somba/ | isabi /isabi/ | somba /somba/ |
| Ndege | chijuni /tʃidʒuni/ | chuni /tʃuni/ | noni /noni/ | indege /indeɡe/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | icuni /itʃuni/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ |
| Kipepeo | chipuluputwa /tʃipuluputwa/ | lipuluputu /lipuluputu/ | — | — | — | icipelebesha /itʃipelebeːʃa/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ |
| Yai | lindanda /lindanda/ | liye /lije/ | igi /iɡi/ | ilikhankha /ilixanxa/ | ighe /iɣe/ | ilini /ilini/ | sumbi /sumbi/ |
| Dubu | dubu /dubu/ | dubu /dubu/ | — | dubu /dubu/ | — | bea /bea/ | — |
| Farasi | falasi /falasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | ifalaasi /ifalaːsi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | kabalwe /kabalwe/ | hachi /hatʃi/ |
| Nyumba | nyuumba /ɲuːmba/ | ing'ande /iŋande/ | numba /numba/ | ilitembe /ilitembe/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ingʼanda /iŋːanda/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | maŵele /maβele/ | mavele /mavele/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | utupyo /utupjo/ | maya /maja/ | umukaka /umukaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ |
| Asali | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buuki /buːki/ | uwuushi /uwuːʃi/ | ruke /ruke/ | ubuci /ubutʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Chumvi | njete /ndʒete/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | umuunyo /umuːɲo/ | munyu /muɲu/ | umucele /umutʃele/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ |
| Mvinyo | divai /divai/ | divayi /divaji/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | idivaayi /idivaːji/ | divai /divai/ | umwangashi /umwaŋɡaʃi/ | vinyo /viɲo/ |
| Mchele | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | nnyele /nɲele/ | — | — | — | umupunga /umupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| Chokoleti | chokoleti | — | — | — | — | chokoleti | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ |
| Chuma | chisyano /tʃisjano/ | chitale /tʃitale/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | ishuuma /iʃuːma/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | icela /iˈtʃela/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ |
| Gurudumu | wilo /wilo/ | — | — | — | — | umupeto /umupeto/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ |
| Hariri | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ | — | haliili /haliːli/ | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | shiliki /ʃiliki/ | siliki /siliki/ |
| Kitabu | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | ilitaafili /ilitaːfili/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | icitabo /itʃitabo/ | buku /buku/ |
| Kula | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kiilya /kiːlja/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | ukulya /ukulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Kunywa | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kukumbila /kukumbila/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kiingʼwa /kiːŋwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | ukunwa /ukunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Kulala | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kulala /kulala/ | kigona /kiɡona/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | ukulaala /ukulaːla/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ |
| Moja | mo /mo/ | nimo /nimo/ | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ | cimo /tʃimo/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ |
| Mbili | iŵili /iβili/ | vavili /vaʋili/ | ibili /iβili/ | sivili /sivili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | fibili /fibili/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ |
| Tatu | sitatu /sitatu/ | nnaatu /nːaːtu/ | idatu /idatu/ | sitatu /sitatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | fitatu /fitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ |
| Nne | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | inne /inːe/ | sina /sina/ | inne /inːe/ | fine /fine/ | vinayi /vinaji/ |
| Tano | nsano /nsano/ | mwaanu /mwaːnu/ | itaano /itaːno/ | sisaanu /sisaːnu/ | itano /itano/ | fisano /fisano/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ |
| Mia | mia /mia/ | miya /miːja/ | igana /iɡana/ | ligana /liɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | umwanda /umwanda/ | zana /zana/ |
| Habari | salama /salama/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mbasala /mbasala/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | muli shani /muli ʃani/ | monire /moniɾe/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | nashukulu /naʃukulu/ | asante /aˈsante/ | natotela /natotela/ | yewo /jewo/ |
| Nzuri | chambone /tʃambone/ | mbone /mbone/ | soga /soɡa/ | inofu /inofu/ | kihi /kihi/ | cisuma /tʃisuma/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ |
| Mpya | jasambano /dʒasambano/ | chahambi /tʃahambi/ | pya /pja/ | ishipya /iʃipja/ | mpya /mpja/ | cipya /tʃipja/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ |
| Nyekundu | chechejeu /tʃetʃedʒeu/ | nahuvi /nahuvi/ | laluku /laluku/ | induuhu /induːhu/ | ntune /ntune/ | kashika /kaʃika/ | swesi /swesi/ |
| Nyeupe | cheswela /tʃeswela/ | naswe /naswe/ | pe /pe/ | imbalafu /imbalafu/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | buuta /buːta/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ |
| Nyeusi | chepiliu /tʃepiliu/ | napi /napi/ | pi /pi/ | niitu /niːtu/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | fiita /fiːta/ | fipa /fipa/ |
| Buluu | buluwu /buluwu/ | — | bululu /bululu/ | — | — | — | bululu /bululu/ |
| Kompyuta | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | — | — | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| Chai | tiyi /tiji/ | — | — | — | — | tii /tiː/ | tiyi /tiji/ |
| Kahawa | kofi /kofi/ | — | — | — | — | kofi /kofi/ | khofi /kʰofi/ |
| Sukari | sukali /sukali/ | — | — | — | — | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
| Chungwa | mlalanje /mlalandʒe/ | — | — | — | — | — | olenji /olendʒi/ |
| 99 | makumi msano ni mcece kwisa msano ni mcece /makumi msano ni mtʃetʃe kwisa msano ni mtʃetʃe/ | tisini na tisa /tisini na tisa/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | mashumi gonja ni gonja /maʃumi ɡonja ni ɡonja/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | amakumi pabula na pabula /amakumi pabula na pabula/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ |
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