Kisukuma
familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Sukuma-Nyamwezi)
Kisukuma ni lugha kubwa zaidi moja ya Kibantu nchini Tanzania kwa wazungumzaji wa lugha ya kwanza, ikiwa na wazungumzaji ~5M wanaopatikana zaidi katika eneo la Ziwa Victoria — mikoa ya Mwanza, Shinyanga, Tabora, Geita na Simiyu. Wasukuma ndio kabila kubwa zaidi nchini Tanzania, takriban 16% ya idadi ya watu wa taifa. Lugha hii ina toni (tofauti ya juu-chini kwenye mizizi na viashiria vya wakati-hali) na upatanisho wa ngeli za nomino za Kibantu (~ngeli 18); ina uhusiano wa karibu na Kinyamwezi (nym), ambapo huunda mwendelezo wa lahaja, na huainishwa pamoja kama Kanda ya Kibantu F21. Licha ya jamii kubwa ya wazungumzaji, Kiswahili (sw) hutawala elimu, vyombo vya habari na serikali kote Tanzania, na Kisukuma kina mapokeo ya maandishi na uwepo wa vyombo vya habari ulio finyu.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kisukuma
Vyanzo
- Glottolog: Sukuma
- Ethnologue: suk
- Maganga & Schadeberg (1992) Kanuri Comparative Lexicon (Sukuma section)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Sukuma-Nyamwezi)
| Maana | Kisukuma | Kinyamwezi | Kinyaturu | Kimakonde | Kichasu | Kishambaa | Kiyao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | minzi /minzi/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | medi /medi/ | mende /mende/ | mazi /mazi/ | meesi /meːsi/ |
| Moto | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | mooto /moːto/ |
| Jua | liimi /liːmi/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ | liduva /liduva/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | zuwa /zuwa/ | lyuŵa /ʎuβa/ |
| Mwezi | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwedi /mwedi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | lwesi /lwesi/ |
| Nyota | sonda /sonda/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | inondwa /inondwa/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | ndondwa /ndondwa/ |
| Usiku | bujiku /budʒiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | utiku /utiku/ | chilo /tʃilo/ | usiku /usiku/ | kilo /kilo/ | chilo /tʃilo/ |
| Mvua | mbula /mbula/ | mbula /mbula/ | mbura /mbura/ | imbula /imbula/ | mvua /mvua/ | fula /fula/ | ula /ula/ |
| Theluji | seluji /seludʒi/ | theluji /θeluʒi/ | seluji /seludʒi/ | — | chasheru /tʃaʃeru/ | — | — |
| Upepo | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | lipungo /lipuŋɡo/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | mbungo /mbuŋɡo/ |
| Udongo | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | ulongo /uloŋɡo/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | litaka /litaka/ |
| Jiwe | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | liyanga /lijaŋɡa/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | liganga /liɡaŋɡa/ |
| Mlima | lugulu /luɡulu/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | lichinga /litʃiŋɡa/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | muima /muima/ | chitumbi /tʃitumbi/ |
| Bahari | nyanza /ɲanza/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bahali /bahali/ | bahari /bahari/ | bahali /bahali/ | bahali /bahali/ |
| Mama | mayu /maju/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | amao /amao/ |
| Baba | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tate /tate/ | atati /atati/ |
| Binti | nshike /nʃike/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | nahaku /nahaku/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | mwali /mwali/ |
| Mimi | nene /nene/ | nene /ˈnene/ | une /une/ | une /une/ | mine /mine/ | imi /imi/ | une /une/ |
| Wewe | bebe /bebe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | uve /uve/ | uwe /uwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ugwe /uɡwe/ |
| Sisi | yise /jise/ | iswe /iswe/ | sese /sese/ | hwetu /hwetu/ | uswi /uswi/ | ishwi /iʃwi/ | uwe /uwe/ |
| Jina | lina /lina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | rina /ɾina/ | lina /lina/ | izina /izina/ | zina /zina/ | liina /liːna/ |
| Mtu | munhu /munhu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ | munu /munu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mntu /mntu/ | mundu /mundu/ |
| Kichwa | ntwe /ntwe/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | muti /muti/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | ntwe /ntwe/ |
| Jicho | liso /liso/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ | liso /liso/ | iiso /iːso/ | zisho /ziʃo/ | liso /liso/ |
| Sikio | gutu /ɡutu/ | itwi /itwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | likutu /likutu/ | isikio /isikio/ | shikio /ʃikio/ | liwiwi /liwiwi/ |
| Pua | lyulu /ljulu/ | nindo /nindo/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | imula /imula/ | fua /fua/ | mpua /mpua/ | lupula /lupula/ |
| Mdomo | nomo /nomo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ | kanya /kaɲa/ | momo /momo/ | kanwa /kanwa/ | kang'wa /kaŋwa/ |
| Jino | lino /lino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ | lino /lino/ | jino /dʒino/ | zino /zino/ | liino /liːno/ |
| Ulimi | lulimi /lulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| Mkono | nkono /nkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | nkono /nkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | nkono /nkono/ |
| Mguu | lupambala /lupambala/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | likambatu /likambatu/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | mulundi /mulundi/ | lukongolo /lukoŋɡolo/ |
| Moyo | ng'holo /ŋholo/ | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | ntima /ntima/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ | ntima /ntima/ |
| Mfupa | iguha /iɡuha/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | ligwangwa /liɡwaŋɡwa/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | vuha /vuha/ | liupa /liupa/ |
| Damu | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakami /sakami/ | myadi /mjadi/ | sakame /sakame/ | mpome /mpome/ | miasi /miasi/ |
| Kinyesi | maashi /maːʃi/ | maafi /maːfi/ | — | mavi /mavi/ | — | mavi /mavi/ | manyi /maɲi/ |
| Upendo | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kupenda /kupenda/ | lumba /lumba/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | unonyelo /unoɲelo/ |
| Mti | nti /nti/ | muti /muti/ | umuti /umuti/ | nnandi /nːandi/ | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | chitela /tʃitela/ |
| Mbwa | mva /mva/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | nshenye /nʃeɲe/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | kuli /kuli/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Paka | nyabu /ɲabu/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | imaaka /imaːka/ | paka /paka/ | nyau /ɲau/ | paka /paka/ |
| Samaki | ndilo /ndilo/ | somba /soːmba/ | somba /somba/ | homba /homba/ | samaki /samaki/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /somba/ |
| Ndege | noni /noni/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | chuni /tʃuni/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | deghe /deɣe/ | chijuni /tʃidʒuni/ |
| Kipepeo | ibalabapu /ibalabapu/ | — | — | lipuluputu /lipuluputu/ | — | hoho /hoho/ | chipuluputwa /tʃipuluputwa/ |
| Yai | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | liye /lije/ | igi /iɡi/ | tagi /taɡi/ | lindanda /lindanda/ |
| Dubu | nduba /nduba/ | — | — | dubu /dubu/ | — | — | dubu /dubu/ |
| Farasi | falasa /falasa/ | falasi /falasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | falasi /falasi/ | farasi /farasi/ | faashi /faːʃi/ | falasi /falasi/ |
| Nyumba | numba /numba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ing'ande /iŋande/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyuumba /ɲuːmba/ |
| Maziwa | mabeele /mabeːle/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | maya /maja/ | mavele /mavele/ | mavee /maveː/ | mele /mele/ | maŵele /maβele/ |
| Asali | buuki /buːki/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ | uchi /utʃi/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | woki /woki/ | uchi /utʃi/ |
| Chumvi | munhu /munhu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | njete /ndʒete/ |
| Mvinyo | mvinya /mviɲa/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | divayi /divaji/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ |
| Chuma | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | chitale /tʃitale/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kiama /kiama/ | chisyano /tʃisjano/ |
| Gurudumu | idandali /idandali/ | — | — | — | — | — | wilo /wilo/ |
| Hariri | halili /halili/ | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | halili /halili/ | hariri /hariri/ | halili /halili/ | halili /halili/ |
| Kitabu | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | chitabu /tʃitabu/ |
| Kula | kulya /kuʎa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kurya /kurja/ | kuja /kuɟa/ | kulya /kuʎa/ |
| Kunywa | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kukumbila /kukumbila/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ |
| Kulala | kulala /kulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | kugona /kuɡona/ |
| Moja | imo /imo/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ | nimo /nimo/ | imwe /imwe/ | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ | mo /mo/ |
| Mbili | ibili /ibili/ | ibili /iβili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | vavili /vaʋili/ | avili /aβili/ | mbili /mbili/ | iŵili /iβili/ |
| Tatu | idatu /idatʊ/ | idatu /idatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | nnaatu /nːaːtu/ | adatu /adatu/ | katatu /katatu/ | sitatu /sitatu/ |
| Nne | ine /ine/ | inne /inːe/ | inne /inːe/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ | — | kane /kaːne/ | ncheche /ntʃetʃe/ |
| Tano | itano /itano/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itano /itano/ | mwaanu /mwaːnu/ | — | kashano /kaʃano/ | nsano /nsano/ |
| Mia | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | miya /miːja/ | ighana /iɣana/ | gana /ɡana/ | mia /mia/ |
| Habari | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | nakushukuru /nakuʃukuɾu/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | — /—/ | salama /salama/ |
| Asante | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /aˈsante/ | nashukuru /naʃukuɾu/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | asante /asante/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | awiza /awiza/ | soga /soɡa/ | kihi /kihi/ | mbone /mbone/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | mtana /mtana/ | chambone /tʃambone/ |
| Mpya | pya /pja/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | chahambi /tʃahambi/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | mpya /mpja/ | jasambano /dʒasambano/ |
| Nyekundu | ndulu /ndulu/ | laluku /laluku/ | ntune /ntune/ | nahuvi /nahuvi/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | chechejeu /tʃetʃedʒeu/ |
| Nyeupe | ape /ape/ | pe /pe/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | naswe /naswe/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | cheswela /tʃeswela/ |
| Nyeusi | api /api/ | pi /pi/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | napi /napi/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | size /size/ | chepiliu /tʃepiliu/ |
| 99 | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | tisini na tisa /tisini na tisa/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | makumi msano ni mcece kwisa msano ni mcece /makumi msano ni mtʃetʃe kwisa msano ni mtʃetʃe/ |
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