Kishambaa
familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Pwani ya Kaskazini-Mashariki)
Kishambaa (Kishambaa, pia Sambaa) ni lugha ya Kibantu ya kundi G23 ya milima ya Usambara kaskazini-mashariki mwa Tanzania, lugha ya watu wa Kishambaa ambao Ufalme wao wa Usambara wa karne ya 19 chini ya Mfalme Kimweri ye Nyumbai ulikuwa dola muhimu kabla ya ukoloni. Kamusi ya mmisionari Mjerumani Roehl (1911) ndiyo iliyokuwa rasilimali ya kwanza kamili ya msamiati. Licha ya idadi ndogo ya wazungumzaji wa kisasa ikilinganishwa na Kiswahili, Kishambaa kinahifadhi uhamishaji hai kati ya vizazi katika vijiji vya milimani, ambako msamiati wake tajiri wa kilimo unaonyesha ikolojia iliyogawanywa kwa kanda za mwinuko.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kishambaa
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: familia ya Atlantiki-Kongo (tawi la Kibantu, kundi la Pwani ya Kaskazini-Mashariki)
| Maana | Kishambaa | Kichasu | Kinyamwezi | Kinyaturu | Kiswahili | Kisukuma | Kisena |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | mazi /mazi/ | mende /mende/ | minzi /minzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | maji /madʒi/ | minzi /minzi/ | madzi /madzi/ |
| Moto | moto /moto/ | mshika /mʃika/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /ˈmoto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ |
| Jua | zuwa /zuwa/ | idhuva /iðuʋa/ | lyuba /ljuβa/ | yura /juɾa/ | jua /dʒua/ | liimi /liːmi/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ |
| Mwezi | ṅwezi /ŋwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | ngʼwezi /ŋweːzi/ | umweri /umweɾi/ | mwezi /ˈmwezi/ | ng'weji /ŋweːdʒi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ |
| Nyota | ntondwe /ntondwe/ | nyenyeri /ɲeɲeri/ | nsonda /nsonda/ | njota /ndʒota/ | nyota /ˈɲota/ | sonda /sonda/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ |
| Usiku | kilo /kilo/ | usiku /usiku/ | buziku /buziku/ | utiku /utiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | bujiku /budʒiku/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Mvua | fula /fula/ | mvua /mvua/ | mbula /mbula/ | mbura /mbura/ | mvua /ˈmvua/ | mbula /mbula/ | mvura /mvura/ |
| Upepo | mpeho /mpeho/ | mpeho /mpeho/ | myaga /mjaɡa/ | mpefo /mpefo/ | upepo /uˈpepo/ | nyaga /ɲaɡa/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ |
| Udongo | shanga /ʃaŋɡa/ | isanga /isaŋɡa/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | irongo /iɾoŋɡo/ | udongo /uˈdoŋɡo/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ | mataka /mataka/ |
| Jiwe | iwe /iwe/ | ibwe /ibwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | igwe /iɡwe/ | jiwe /ˈdʒiwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | mwala /mwala/ |
| Mlima | muima /muima/ | ntuvi /ntuvi/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | gitanto /ɡitanto/ | mlima /ˈmlima/ | lugulu /luɡulu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ |
| Bahari | bahali /bahali/ | bahari /bahari/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | irambo /iɾambo/ | bahari /baˈhari/ | nyanza /ɲanza/ | bara /bara/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mayu /maju/ | mama /mama/ | mama /ˈmama/ | mayu /maju/ | mai /mai/ |
| Baba | tate /tate/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | tata /tata/ | baba /ˈbaba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ |
| Binti | ṅwana ywa kindele /ŋwana jwa kindele/ | mwana wa kibora /mwana wa kibora/ | mwana mukima /mwana mukima/ | muncha /muntʃa/ | binti /binti/ | nshike /nʃike/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ |
| Mimi | imi /imi/ | mine /mine/ | nene /ˈnene/ | une /une/ | mimi /ˈmimi/ | nene /nene/ | ine /ine/ |
| Wewe | iwe /iwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | gwegwe /ˈɡweɡwe/ | uwe /uwe/ | wewe /ˈwewe/ | bebe /bebe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| Sisi | ishwi /iʃwi/ | uswi /uswi/ | iswe /iswe/ | sese /sese/ | sisi /ˈsisi/ | yise /jise/ | ife /ife/ |
| Jina | zina /zina/ | izina /izina/ | lina /ˈlina/ | rina /ɾina/ | jina /ˈdʒina/ | lina /lina/ | dzina /dzina/ |
| Mtu | mntu /mntu/ | mntu /mntu/ | munhu /munhu/ | muntu /muntu/ | mtu /ˈmtu/ | munhu /munhu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ |
| Kichwa | mtwi /mtwi/ | mtwi /mtwi/ | mutwe /mutwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | kichwa /ˈkitʃwa/ | ntwe /ntwe/ | nsolo /nsolo/ |
| Jicho | zisho /ziʃo/ | iiso /iːso/ | liso /liso/ | riho /riho/ | jicho /dʒitʃo/ | liso /liso/ | diso /diso/ |
| Sikio | shikio /ʃikio/ | isikio /isikio/ | itwi /itwi/ | ikutwi /ikutwi/ | sikio /sikio/ | gutu /ɡutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ |
| Pua | mpua /mpua/ | fua /fua/ | nindo /nindo/ | mpura /mpuɾa/ | pua /ˈpua/ | lyulu /ljulu/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ |
| Mdomo | kanwa /kanwa/ | momo /momo/ | mulomo /mulomo/ | momo /momo/ | mdomo /mˈɗomo/ | nomo /nomo/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ |
| Jino | zino /zino/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ | ino /ino/ | jino /dʒino/ | lino /lino/ | dzino /dzino/ |
| Ulimi | ulimi /ulimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | urimi /urimi/ | ulimi /ulimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ |
| Mkono | mkono /mkono/ | mkono /mkono/ | kukono /kukono/ | ukuboko /ukuboko/ | mkono /mˈkono/ | nkono /nkono/ | nkono /nkono/ |
| Mguu | mulundi /mulundi/ | ivunda /ivunda/ | kugulu /kuɡulu/ | mughuu /muɣuː/ | mguu /m̩ˈɠuː/ | lupambala /lupambala/ | mwendo /mwendo/ |
| Moyo | moyo /mojo/ | ngiti /ŋɡiti/ | moyo /mojo/ | umutima /umutima/ | moyo /mojo/ | ng'holo /ŋholo/ | ntima /ntima/ |
| Mfupa | vuha /vuha/ | ivindi /ivindi/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | ikufa /ikufa/ | mfupa /mfupa/ | iguha /iɡuha/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ |
| Damu | mpome /mpome/ | sakame /sakame/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | sakami /sakami/ | damu /damu/ | mininga /miniŋɡa/ | malopa /malopa/ |
| Kinyesi | mavi /mavi/ | — | maafi /maːfi/ | — | Kinyesi /kiˈɲesi/ | maashi /maːʃi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ |
| Upendo | kukunda /kukunda/ | lumba /lumba/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | upendo /uˈpendo/ | butogwa /butoɡwa/ | kufuna /kufuna/ |
| Mti | mti /mti/ | mti /mti/ | muti /muti/ | umuti /umuti/ | mti /ˈmti/ | nti /nti/ | muti /muti/ |
| Mbwa | kuli /kuli/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /ᵐbwa/ | mva /mva/ | mbwa /mbwa/ |
| Paka | nyau /ɲau/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /paka/ | paka /ˈpaka/ | nyabu /ɲabu/ | paka /paka/ |
| Samaki | samaki /samaki/ | samaki /samaki/ | somba /soːmba/ | somba /somba/ | samaki /samaki/ | ndilo /ndilo/ | omba /omba/ |
| Ndege | deghe /deɣe/ | ideghe /ideɣe/ | noni /noni/ | nyonyi /ɲoɲi/ | ndege /ndeɡe/ | noni /noni/ | mbalame /mbalame/ |
| Kipepeo | hoho /hoho/ | — | — | — | kipepeo /kipeˈpeo/ | ibalabapu /ibalabapu/ | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ |
| Yai | tagi /taɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | igi /iɡi/ | ighe /iɣe/ | yai /ˈjai/ | igi /iɡi/ | dzai /dzai/ |
| Farasi | faashi /faːʃi/ | farasi /farasi/ | falasi /falasi/ | nyumbu /ɲumbu/ | farasi /faˈrasi/ | falasa /falasa/ | kavalo /kavalo/ |
| Nyumba | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | numba /numba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | mele /mele/ | mavee /maveː/ | mabeele /maβeːle/ | maya /maja/ | maziwa /maˈziwa/ | mabeele /mabeːle/ | nkaka /nkaka/ |
| Asali | woki /woki/ | nzoke /nzoke/ | buuki /buːki/ | ruke /ruke/ | asali /aˈsali/ | buuki /buːki/ | uci /utʃi/ |
| Chumvi | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munu /munu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | chumvi /tʃumvi/ | munhu /munhu/ | munyu /muɲu/ |
| Mvinyo | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | mvinyo /mviɲo/ | divai /divai/ | mvinyo /mˈviɲo/ | mvinya /mviɲa/ | vinyu /viɲu/ |
| Mchele | muhunga /muhuŋɡa/ | — | — | — | mchele /mˈtʃele/ | — | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ |
| Chuma | kiama /kiama/ | kighera /kiɣera/ | kisinza /kisinza/ | ichuma /itʃuma/ | chuma /tʃuma/ | jisinza /dʒisinza/ | utale /utale/ |
| Hariri | halili /halili/ | hariri /hariri/ | — | hariri /haɾiɾi/ | hariri /haˈriri/ | halili /halili/ | seda /seda/ |
| Kitabu | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | kitabu /kitabu/ | gitabu /ɡitabu/ | kitabu /kiˈtabu/ | shitabo /ʃitabo/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ |
| Kula | kuja /kuɟa/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kuria /kuɾia/ | kula /ˈkula/ | kulya /kuʎa/ | kudya /kudja/ |
| Kunywa | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunwa /kunwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kung'wa /kuŋwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ |
| Kulala | kugosha /kuɡoʃa/ | kushinjia /kuʃindʒia/ | kulala /kulala/ | kurara /kuɾaɾa/ | kulala /kulala/ | kulala /kulala/ | kugona /kuɡona/ |
| Moja | ṅwenga /ŋwenɡa/ | imwe /imwe/ | imo /imo/ | umwe /umwe/ | moja /modʒa/ | imo /imo/ | posi /posi/ |
| Mbili | mbili /mbili/ | avili /aβili/ | ibili /iβili/ | aviri /aβiri/ | mbili /mˈbili/ | ibili /ibili/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ |
| Tatu | katatu /katatu/ | adatu /adatu/ | idatu /idatu/ | itatu /itatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | idatu /idatʊ/ | pitatu /pitatu/ |
| Nne | kane /kaːne/ | — | inne /inːe/ | inne /inːe/ | nne /nːe/ | ine /ine/ | pinai /pinai/ |
| Tano | kashano /kaʃano/ | — | itaano /itaːno/ | itano /itano/ | tano /ˈtano/ | itano /itano/ | xanu /ʃanu/ |
| Mia | gana /ɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | igana /iɡana/ | ighana /iɣana/ | mia /ˈmia/ | igana /iɡana/ | dzana /dzana/ |
| Habari | — /—/ | shiloi /ʃiloi/ | mwadita /mwadita/ | mbukire /mbukiɾe/ | habari /haˈbari/ | mwangaluka /mwaŋɡaluka/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ |
| Asante | asante /asante/ | mwasanga /mwasaŋɡa/ | twabakaba /twaβakaβa/ | asante /aˈsante/ | asante /aˈsante/ | nakulumba /nakulumba/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ |
| Nzuri | mtana /mtana/ | mwamba /mwamba/ | soga /soɡa/ | kihi /kihi/ | nzuri /ˈnzuri/ | awiza /awiza/ | nadidi /nadidi/ |
| Mpya | mpya /mpja/ | shaa /ʃaː/ | pya /pja/ | mpya /mpja/ | mpya /ˈmpja/ | pya /pja/ | ipsa /ipsa/ |
| Nyekundu | nkundu /nkundu/ | nkundu /nkundu/ | laluku /laluku/ | ntune /ntune/ | nyekundu /ɲekundu/ | ndulu /ndulu/ | funga /funɡa/ |
| Nyeupe | yengʼaa /jeŋaː/ | jewa /dʒewa/ | pe /pe/ | njeru /ndʒeru/ | nyeupe /ɲeupe/ | ape /ape/ | cena /tʃena/ |
| Nyeusi | size /size/ | jiru /dʒiru/ | pi /pi/ | njiutiki /ndʒiutiki/ | nyeusi /ɲeusi/ | api /api/ | psipa /psipa/ |
| Kijani | manimani /manimani/ | — | — | — | kijani /kiˈdʒani/ | — | — |
| 99 | milongo kenda na kenda /miloŋɡo keːnda na keːnda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makumi kenda na kenda/ | tisini na tisa /tiˈsini na ˈtisa/ | makumi kenda na kenda /makʊmi kenda na kenda/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ |
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