Khasi
Kikhasi
Kiaustroasia (Khasian)
Kikhasi ni lugha kuu ya jimbo la Meghalaya kaskazini-mashariki mwa India. Ni mojawapo ya lugha chache za Kiausroasia zenye idadi kubwa ya wasemaji nje ya Asia ya Kusini-mashariki (nyingine ni tawi la Kimunda). Jamii ya Wakhasi ni ya mfumo wa matrilineal.
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Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kikhasi
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Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kiaustroasia (Khasian)
| Maana | Kikhasi | Kibru cha Mashariki | Kishwepalaung | Kimundari | Kisikkim | Kikhmu | Kibahnar |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | um /um/ | daak /daːk/ | ʔoːm /ʔoːm/ | daʼ /daʔ/ | ཆུ /tɕʰu/ | ʔom /ʔom/ | đak /ɗaːk/ |
| Moto | ding /diŋ/ | oih /ʔoiʔ/ | ŋər /ŋar/ | sengel /seŋɡel/ | མེ /mi/ | pʰrɨə /pʰrɨə/ | unh /uɲ/ |
| Jua | ka sngi /ka sŋi/ | mat plei /mat plei/ | səŋi /saŋiː/ | singi /siŋɡi/ | ཉིམ /ɲim/ | mat briʔ /mat briʔ/ | măt ʼnăr /mat ʔnar/ |
| Mwezi | bnai /bnai/ | kasai /kasai/ | plaŋ kiər /plaŋ kiər/ | chandu /tʃandu/ | ཟླ་བོ /dau/ | moŋ /moŋ/ | khei /kʰɛːj/ |
| Nyota | khlur /kʰlur/ | mansơ /mənsɤ/ | səmiŋ /səmiŋ/ | ipil /ipil/ | སྐར་མ་ /kaːma/ | sərmeɲ /sərmeɲ/ | sơnglŏng /səŋlɔŋ/ |
| Usiku | miet /miet/ | sadâu /sədaw/ | hmɯ /m̥ɯ/ | nida /nida/ | ཕྱི་རུ /pʰiru/ | psɨəm /psɨəm/ | măng /maŋ/ |
| Mvua | slap /slap/ | mia /mia/ | ɟuŋ /ɟuŋ/ | gama /ɡama/ | ཆར་པོ /tɕʰaːp/ | kəmaʔ /kəmaʔ/ | ʼmi /ʔmiː/ |
| Theluji | ïor /jɔr/ | prễl príl /prel pril/ | — | — | ཁ་བོ /kʰau/ | — | — |
| Upepo | lyer /lʲer/ | cuyal /kujal/ | khuːr /kʰuːr/ | hoyo /hojo/ | རླུང /luŋ/ | hndrəːj /hndrəːj/ | kial /kjaːl/ |
| Udongo | khyndew /kʰɨndew/ | cutễq /kuteʔ/ | kəɗɛː /kəɗɛː/ | hasa /hasa/ | ས /sa/ | pteʔ /pteʔ/ | teh /tɛh/ |
| Jiwe | maw /maw/ | tamáu /təmaw/ | mo /mo/ | diri /diri/ | རྡོ /do/ | glaŋ /ɡlaŋ/ | tơmo /təmo/ |
| Mlima | lum /lum/ | cóh /kɔh/ | sor /sor/ | buru /buru/ | — | mok /mok/ | kông /koːŋ/ |
| Bahari | duriaw /duriaw/ | dỡq mưt /dɤʔ mɨt/ | — | samundar /samundar/ | རྒྱ་མཚོ /ɡʲamtsʰo/ | — | đak dơsĭ /ɗaːk dəsiʔ/ |
| Mama | mei /mei/ | amey /amej/ | ma /ma/ | ayo /ajo/ | ཨམ /am/ | maʔ /maʔ/ | mei /mei/ |
| Baba | kpa /kpa/ | amung /amuŋ/ | kun /kun/ | apu /apu/ | ཨ་པོ /apo/ | joŋ /joŋ/ | bă /bə/ |
| Binti | khun kynthei /kʰun kintʰei/ | con mansễm /kɔn mənsem/ | — | kuri hon /kuɽi hon/ | བུམ /bum/ | — | kon adruh /kɔːn ʔadruh/ |
| Mimi | nga /ŋa/ | cứq /kɯʔ/ | ʔɔ /ʔɔ/ | aiñ /aiɲ/ | ང་ /ŋa/ | oʔ /ʔoʔ/ | inh /iɲ/ |
| Wewe | me /me/ | mới /mɤːj/ | mi /miː/ | am /am/ | ཆོད /tɕʰøʔ/ | meʔ /meʔ/ | ih /ʔih/ |
| Sisi | ngi /ŋi/ | hái / hếq /haj / heʔ/ | ʔɛ / jɛ /ʔɛ / jɛ/ | abu / ale /abu / ale/ | ང་ཅག་ /ŋatɕaʔ/ | iʔ /ʔiʔ/ | bơn / nhon /bən / ɲon/ |
| Jina | kyrteng /kirtɛŋ/ | ramoh /rəmɔːh/ | ʨɨː /ʨɨː/ | nutum /nutum/ | མིང་ /miŋ/ | sŋməh /sŋməh/ | anĕ /anɛ/ |
| Mtu | briew /briw/ | cũai /kuaj/ | bi /bi/ | horo /hoɽo/ | མི /mi/ | gon /ɡon/ | bơngai /bəŋaːj/ |
| Kichwa | khlieh /kʰlɛʔ/ | plỡ /plɤ/ | kiŋ /kiŋ/ | boʼ /boʔ/ | མགོ /ɡo/ | kəmpoŋ /kəmpoŋ/ | kơl /kəl/ |
| Jicho | ka khmat /ka kʰmat/ | mat /mat/ | ŋaj /ŋaːj/ | med /med/ | མིག /mik/ | mat /mat/ | mat /mat/ |
| Sikio | shkor /ʃkɔr/ | cutũr /kutur/ | hjɔʔ /hjɔʔ/ | lutur /lutur/ | — | rəməj /rəməj/ | đon /ɗɔːn/ |
| Pua | khmut /kʰmut/ | muh /muh/ | kɔŋmuh /kɔŋmuh/ | mu /mũ/ | སྣ /n̥a/ | muh /muh/ | muh /muh/ |
| Mdomo | shyntur /ʃəntur/ | bỗq /ɓoʔ/ | mur /mur/ | moca /motʃa/ | ཁ /kʰa/ | tənɔh /tənɔh/ | ʼbơ̆r /ɓər/ |
| Jino | bniat /bniat/ | kanêng /kəneŋ/ | hraŋ /r̥aːŋ/ | data /data/ | སོ /so/ | hraŋ /hraŋ/ | sơneng /səneŋ/ |
| Ulimi | thylliej /tʰəlːiet/ | liayh /liajh/ | kərta /kərɗaʔ/ | leʼ /leʔ/ | ལྕེ /tɕe/ | həntak /həntak/ | rơpiêt /rəpiet/ |
| Mkono | ka kti /ka kti/ | ati /ati/ | ti /ɗiː/ | ti /ti/ | ལག་ཀོ /lako/ | tiʔ /tiʔ/ | ti /ti/ |
| Mguu | ka kjat /ka kdʒat/ | ayững /ajɨːŋ/ | ɟɯŋ /ɟɯŋ/ | kata /kata/ | རྐངམ /kaːm/ | krwɛh /krwɛh/ | tơpang jơ̆ng /təpaːŋ ɟəŋ/ |
| Moyo | ka jingmut /ka dʒiŋmut/ | plong /ploŋ/ | nuər /nuər/ | jiu /dʒiu/ | སྙིང /ɲiŋ/ | tlɔːm ŋok /tlɔːm ŋok/ | blei /blei/ |
| Mfupa | shyieng /ʃieŋ/ | nghang /ŋhaŋ/ | kəʔaŋ /kaʔaːŋ/ | jang /dʒaŋ/ | རུས་པ /rupa/ | cʼaaŋ /tʃʔaːŋ/ | kơting /kətiŋ/ |
| Damu | snam /snam/ | aham /ʔaham/ | hnam /n̥aːm/ | mayam /majam/ | ཁྱག /kʰjaʔ/ | maːm /maːm/ | phăm /pʰam/ |
| Kinyesi | eit /eit/ | créq /kreʔ/ | — | iʼ /iʔ/ | སྐྱག་ཀོ /kʲakko/ | — | ĭch /ic/ |
| Upendo | ieid /iəid/ | hong /hoŋ/ | ʔoŋ /ʔoŋ/ | dularaa /dularaː/ | དགའ /ɡa/ | kɔɔh /kɔːh/ | rơngư /rəŋɨ/ |
| Mti | u dieng /u diəŋ/ | aleng /aleŋ/ | tiŋ he /tiŋ he/ | daru /daru/ | ཤིང /ɕiŋ/ | sʔɔːŋ /sʔɔːŋ/ | lông /loŋ/ |
| Mbwa | u ksew /u ksew/ | acho /atʃo/ | sɔ /sɔ/ | seta /seta/ | ཁྱི /kʰi/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | kŏ /kɔʔ/ |
| Paka | u miaw /u miau/ | miew /mieu/ | ʔəŋaw /ʔəŋaw/ | pusi /pusi/ | ཞི་མི /ʑimi/ | mɛːw /mɛːw/ | miao /miao/ |
| Samaki | dohkha /dɔhkʰa/ | aka /ʔəka/ | ka /kaː/ | hai /hai/ | ཉ /ɲa/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | ka /kaː/ |
| Ndege | sim /sim/ | chớm /tʃɤm/ | sim /sim/ | ore /oɽe/ | བྱ /bja/ | sim /sim/ | sem /səm/ |
| Kipepeo | ka thapbalieh /ka tʰapbalɛʔ/ | — | kərla /kərla/ | — | — | tlaːmpaːm /tlaːmpaːm/ | — |
| Yai | pylleng /pəlːeŋ/ | tarễl /tərel/ | kadam /kaɗam/ | jarom /dʒarom/ | — | kədoŋ /kədoŋ/ | kơtăp /kətap/ |
| Dubu | dngiem /dŋiem/ | sacâu /sakəw/ | khrer /kʰrer/ | bana /bana/ | — | huəl /huəl/ | chơgơu /tʃəɡəu/ |
| Farasi | u kulai /u kulai/ | aséh /aseh/ | brəŋ /brəŋ/ | sadom /sadom/ | རྟ /ta/ | — | aseh /ʔasɛh/ |
| Nyumba | ka ïing /ka jiŋ/ | dung /duŋ/ | gaŋ /ɡaŋ/ | oraa /oraː/ | ཁྱིམ /kʰim/ | gaːŋ /ɡaːŋ/ | hnam /hnam/ |
| Maziwa | dud /dud/ | dỡq tóh /dɤʔ tɔh/ | ʔom bu /ʔom bu/ | toa /toa/ | ཨོམ /om/ | — | đak toh /ɗaːk tɔh/ |
| Asali | ka ngap /ka ŋap/ | dỡq khĩal /dɤʔ kʰial/ | — | hurum suku /hurum suku/ | — | — | đak sut /ɗaːk sut/ |
| Chumvi | ka mluh /ka mluʔ/ | boi /ɓɔːj/ | sɔʔ /sɔʔ/ | bulung /buluŋ/ | ཚྭ /tsʰa/ | hmaar /hmaːr/ | boh /ɓɔh/ |
| Mvinyo | wain /wain/ | blŏ́ng nho /blɔŋ ɲɔ/ | — | bino /bino/ | — | — | sik hơmu /sik həmu/ |
| Mchele | khaw /kʰaw/ | — | rəko /rəko/ | chauli /tʃauli/ | — | ʰŋɔʔ /ʰŋɔʔ/ | ʼba /ɓaː/ |
| Chuma | nar /nar/ | tac /tak/ | hir /hir/ | mered /meɽeɖ/ | ལྕགས /tɕaʔ/ | cndroh /cndroh/ | bơxey /bəsɛːj/ |
| Gurudumu | ka shalyntem /ka ʃalntem/ | carvang /karvaŋ/ | — /—/ | cakka /tʃakka/ | འཁོར་ལོ /kʰorlo/ | — | tang-wang /taːŋ waːŋ/ |
| Hariri | rusom /rusom/ | dai /daj/ | — | lumang /lumaŋ/ | — | — | — |
| Kitabu | kot /kot/ | tâm saráq /tam saraʔ/ | boʔok /boʔok/ | kitab /kitab/ | དེབ /dep/ | pɨːm /pɨːm/ | sơ̆p hla bơar /səp hlaː bəar/ |
| Kula | bam /bam/ | cha /tʃa/ | hɔm /hɔm/ | jom /dʒom/ | ཟ /sa/ | mah /mah/ | sa /sa/ |
| Kunywa | dih /dih/ | ngoot /ŋoːt/ | tiəŋ /tiəŋ/ | nu /nu/ | འཐུང /tʰuŋ/ | ʔɨək /ʔɨək/ | ngoah /ŋoah/ |
| Kulala | thiah /tʰiaʔ/ | bếq /ɓeʔ/ | ʔit /ʔit/ | durum /durum/ | ཉལ /ɲɛː/ | sih /sih/ | têp /tɛp/ |
| Moja | wei /wei/ | muoi /muoi/ | ʔu /ʔu/ | mid /mid/ | གཅིག /tɕiʔ/ | moj /moj/ | minh /miɲ/ |
| Mbili | ar /ar/ | bar /ɓaːr/ | ʔar /ʔar/ | baria /barija/ | གཉིས་ /ɲiː/ | baar /baːr/ | bar /ɓaːr/ |
| Tatu | lai /laːj/ | pái /paːi/ | ʔuəj /ʔuaj/ | apia /apija/ | གསུམ /sum/ | peʼ /peʔ/ | pêng /peːŋ/ |
| Nne | saw /saw/ | pôn /põːn/ | phon /pʰon/ | upunia /upunija/ | བཞི /ʑi/ | pon /pon/ | puăn /pwan/ |
| Tano | san /san/ | sỡng /sɤŋ/ | phən /pʰən/ | morea /moɽea/ | ལྔ /ŋa/ | — | pơđăm /pəʔɗam/ |
| Mia | spah /spaʔ/ | culam /kulam/ | pəriah /pəriah/ | sae /sae/ | བརྒྱ /ɡʲɛ/ | — | hreng /hreŋ/ |
| Habari | khublei /kʰublei/ | te /te/ | — /—/ | johar /dʒohar/ | ཁམས་བཟང /kʰamsaŋ/ | lɔh /lɔh/ | ô /o/ |
| Asante | khublei shibun /kʰublei ʃibun/ | kuhng /kuhŋ/ | — /—/ | dhonyobad /dʱoɲobad/ | ཐུགས་རྗེ་ཆེ /tʰuktɕetɕe/ | ɔrkun /ʔɔrkun/ | kơbi /kəbi/ |
| Nzuri | bha /bʱa/ | huom /huom/ | laʔ /laʔ/ | bugin /buɡin/ | ལེགམ /lɛm/ | ləʔ /ləʔ/ | ʼlơ̆ng /ʔləŋ/ |
| Mpya | thymmai /tʰəmːai/ | tamái /təmaj/ | kənmɛ /kənmɛ/ | nawa /nawa/ | — | həmmeʔ /həmmeʔ/ | nao /ʔnao/ |
| Nyekundu | saw /saw/ | kusaw /kəsaw/ | kho /kʰo/ | arag /araʔ/ | དམར་པོ /maːpu/ | jim /jim/ | bre /ɓreː/ |
| Nyeupe | lieh /lɛʔ/ | cloc /klɔːk/ | blɔʔ /blɔʔ/ | pundi /puɳɖi/ | དཀར་པོ /kaːpu/ | klɔɔk /klɔːk/ | kok /kɔːk/ |
| Nyeusi | iong /ioŋ/ | cũm /kum/ | jim /jim/ | hende /hende/ | — | hiəŋ /hiəŋ/ | găm /ɡam/ |
| Kijani | jyrngam /dʒərŋam/ | ramoong /rəmɔːŋ/ | ɲər /ɲər/ | hariar /harijar/ | ལྗང་ཀུ /dʑaŋku/ | siw /siw/ | jơk /ɟəːk/ |
| Buluu | jyrngam /dʒərŋam/ | — | kjo /kjo/ | lil /lil/ | — | siːw /siːw/ | jơk /ɟəːk/ |
| Kompyuta | kompiwtor /kompiwtɔr/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Chai | sha /ʃa/ | — | — | cha /tʃa/ | ཇ /dʑa/ | — | — |
| Kahawa | kophi /kopʰi/ | — | khəpi /kʰəpi/ | — | — | — | — |
| Sukari | shini /ʃini/ | — | — | chini /tʃini/ | ཅི་ནི /tɕini/ | — | — |
| Chungwa | soh niamtra /sɔʔ niamtra/ | cam /kam/ | məcɔk /məcɔk/ | — | — | — | — |
| 99 | khyndaiphew khyndai /kʰɨndaːjpʰew kʰɨndaːj/ | takêh chít takêh /takeh tʃit takeh/ | — | — | — | — | tơsĭn-jĭt tơsĭn /təsin ɟit təsin/ |
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