Guugu Yimidhirr
Kiguugu yimithirr
Pama-Nyunga (tawi la Kipaman, mashariki mwa Cape York)
Guugu Yimithirr (pia Guugu Yimidhirr; ISO 639-3: kky) ni lugha ya tawi la Paman katika familia ya Pama-Nyungan, iliyozungumzwa kijadi katika ardhi inayozunguka Mto Endeavour, kaskazini kabisa mwa Queensland nchini Australia. Leo matumizi yake yamejikita Hope Vale na jamii za karibu kaskazini mwa Cooktown. Lugha hii inajulikana sana kwa mfumo wa marejeo ya nafasi unaotumia mara nyingi mielekeo kamili ya dira kama kaskazini na kusini pale ambapo lugha nyingi hutumia istilahi zinazomtegemea msemaji kama kushoto na kulia. Utafiti wa mfumo huu umeifanya Guugu Yimithirr kuwa muhimu katika tafiti za lugha, utambuzi na uelekeo wa nafasi. Neno la Kiingereza kangaroo linatokana na gangurru la Guugu Yimithirr, lililorekodiwa kutoka kwa wazungumzaji wa eneo hilo na wanachama wa msafara wa James Cook kwenye Mto Endeavour mwaka 1770.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiguugu yimithirr
Vyanzo
- Haviland (1979) "Guugu Yimidhirr" in Dixon & Blake (eds.) Handbook of Australian Languages vol. 1, pp.27-180
- Haviland (1979) Guugu Yimidhirr Sketch Grammar (ANU Press)
- Levinson (1992, 1997) "Language and Cognition: The Cognitive Consequences of Spatial Description in Guugu Yimithirr" J. Linguistic Anthropology 7:1
- Glottolog: Guugu Yimithirr (gugu1255)
- Ethnologue: kky
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Pama-Nyunga (tawi la Kipaman, mashariki mwa Cape York)
| Maana | Kiguugu yimithirr | Kilardil | Kidyirbal | Kinhanda | Kiwalmajarri | Kiwiradjuri | Kiyangkaal |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | buurraay /buːraːj/ | nguka /ŋuka/ | bana /ˈbana/ | kapi /kapi/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | galing /ˈɡaliŋ/ | nguku /ŋuku/ |
| Moto | yugu /juɡu/ | nyuda /ɲuda/ | buni /ˈbuni/ | warla /waɻla/ | warlu /ˈwaɭu/ | wiiny /wiːɲ/ | ngida /ŋida/ |
| Jua | ngalan /ŋalan/ | warrka /waɾka/ | garri /ˈɡari/ | wurʼa /wuɾʔa/ | purangu /puɻaŋu/ | yiray /ˈjiɻaj/ | warrku /waɾku/ |
| Mwezi | giidha /ɡiːd̪a/ | kirdikir /kiɖikir/ | gagara /ɡaˈɡara/ | kanyala /kaɲala/ | yakarn /jakaɳ/ | giwang /ˈɡiwaŋ/ | waldarra /waldaɾa/ |
| Nyota | dawaar /dawaːɻ/ | kuwa thungal /kuwa θuŋal/ | gijiny /ɡiɟiɲ/ | indiya /indija/ | wirl /wiɭ/ | giralang /ˈɡiɻalaŋ/ | miburlda thungalda /mibuɭda t̪uŋalda/ |
| Usiku | wudhurr /wud̪ur/ | nata /nata/ | jagun /ɟaɡun/ | maru /maru/ | pukanya /pukaɲa/ | ngurung /ˈŋuruŋ/ | ngimi /ŋimi/ |
| Mvua | madyi /maɟi/ | — | gambal /ˈɡambal/ | pundu /pundu/ | ngapa /ˈŋapa/ | — | — |
| Upepo | daan.gaay /daːnɡaːj/ | — | gulubu /ˈɡulubu/ | uudinu /uudinu/ | walypa /ˈwaʎpa/ | girrarr /ˈɡirar/ | — |
| Udongo | bubu /bubu/ | — | jaju /ˈɟaɟu/ | — | nguwa /ˈŋuwa/ | dhaagun /ˈd̪aːɡun/ | — |
| Jiwe | nambal /nambal/ | — | diban /ɟiban/ | — | pamarr /ˈpamar/ | walang /ˈwalaŋ/ | — |
| Mlima | manydyal /maɲɟal/ | — | gambil /ˈɡambil/ | — | — | — | — |
| Bahari | dhalun /d̪alun/ | — | — | — | jawurlata /ˈɟawuɭata/ | — | — |
| Mama | ngamu /ŋamu/ | ngama /ŋama/ | yabu /ˈjabu/ | ngamaji /ŋamadʒi/ | ngamaji /ŋaˈmaɟi/ | gunhi /ˈɡun̪i/ | ngamathu /ŋamat̪u/ |
| Baba | biiba /biːba/ | kantha /kan̪t̪a/ | nguma /ˈŋuma/ | kuthurra /kutʰuɻa/ | ngarpu /ŋaɻpu/ | babiin /ˈbabiːn/ | kanthathu /kant̪at̪u/ |
| Binti | ngudhurr /ŋud̪ur/ | — | daman /ˈdaman/ | yurdu /juɖu/ | kurntal /ˈkuɳʈal/ | ngamurr /ˈŋamur/ | — |
| Mimi | ngayu /ŋaju/ | ngada /ŋada/ | ngaja /ŋaɟa/ | ngayi /ŋaji/ | ngaju /ŋaɟu/ | ngadhu /ˈŋad̪u/ | ngada /ŋada/ |
| Wewe | nyundu /ɲundu/ | nyingki /ɲiŋki/ | nginda /ŋinda/ | nyini /ɲini/ | nyuntu /ɲuntu/ | ngindhu /ˈŋind̪u/ | nyingka /ɲiŋka/ |
| Sisi | nganhdhaan / nganhdhanun /ŋan̪d̪aːn / ŋan̪d̪anun/ | ngakuli / nyali /ŋakuli / ɲali/ | ngana /ŋana/ | ngayinu /ŋajinu/ | ngalimpa / nganimpa /ŋalimpa / ŋanimpa/ | ngiyani /ŋiˈjani/ | ngakulda / ngalda /ŋakulda / ŋalda/ |
| Jina | gadil /ɡadil/ | nyunda /ɲunda/ | yidyi /jiɟi/ | yini /jini/ | yini /jini/ | yuwin /ˈjuwin/ | nida /nida/ |
| Mtu | bama /bama/ | — | — | arnmanu /aɳmanu/ | piyirn /ˈpijiɳ/ | gibirr /ˈɡibir/ | — |
| Kichwa | ngaabaay /ŋaːbaːj/ | — | — | — | jurlu /ˈɟuɭu/ | balang /ˈbalaŋ/ | — |
| Jicho | miil /miːl/ | kuwa /kuwa/ | gayga /ˈɡajɡa/ | kuru /kuɻu/ | mil /mil/ | mil /mil/ | miburlda /mibuɭda/ |
| Sikio | milga /milɡa/ | — | manga /ˈmaŋa/ | wurtka /wuʈka/ | pina /ˈpina/ | wuudha /ˈwuːd̪a/ | — |
| Pua | budhiil /bud̪iːl/ | — | guwu /ˈɡuwu/ | muttha /mut̪a/ | punul /ˈpunul/ | muurruu /ˈmuːruː/ | — |
| Mdomo | barrgaar /barɡaːɻ/ | — | — | ngarnmanu /ŋaɳmanu/ | — | ngayn /ŋajn/ | — |
| Jino | muliir /muliːɻ/ | kadma leman /kadma leman/ | dirra /dira/ | idaji /idadʒi/ | lirra /lira/ | yirrang /ˈjiraŋ/ | damanda /damanda/ |
| Ulimi | nganhdhaar /ŋan̪d̪aːɻ/ | jalda leman /dʒalda leman/ | jalnggulay /ɟalŋɡulaj/ | thalanyu /t̪alaɲu/ | jalany /ɟalaɲ/ | dhalayn /ˈd̪alajn/ | jalngantha /ɟalŋant̪a/ |
| Mkono | mangal /maŋal/ | marlda /maɭda/ | mala /ˈmala/ | mara /maɻa/ | kurrapa /kurapa/ | marra /ˈmara/ | — /—/ |
| Mguu | dhamal /d̪amal/ | jaa /dʒaː/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | yina /jina/ | jina /ˈɟina/ | dhinang /ˈd̪inaŋ/ | — |
| Moyo | dadhali /dad̪ali/ | bulja /buldʒa/ | rulgu /ˈɻulɡu/ | pulpara /pulpaɻa/ | turlpu /ˈtuɭpu/ | giiny /ɡiːɲ/ | — /—/ |
| Mfupa | badhibay /bad̪ibaj/ | kadma /kadma/ | wurmbur /ˈwurmbur/ | mambu /mambu/ | kiji /kiɟi/ | dhabal /ˈd̪abal/ | julda /ɟulda/ |
| Damu | ganbi /ɡanbi/ | kanda /kanda/ | waguli /waɡuli/ | nguba /ŋuba/ | nungu /nuŋu/ | guuwayn /ˈɡuːwajn/ | kandu /kandu/ |
| Kinyesi | mangga /maŋɡa/ | — | guna /ɡuna/ | wuna /wuna/ | kura /ˈkuɻa/ | guunang /ˈɡuːnaŋ/ | — |
| Upendo | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kanyji /kaɲdʒi/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Mti | yugu /juɡu/ | thungal /θuŋal/ | yugu /ˈjuɡu/ | parntany /paɳʈaɲ/ | mana /mana/ | madhan /ˈmad̪an/ | — /—/ |
| Mbwa | gudaa /ɡudaː/ | ngawa /ŋawa/ | guda /ˈɡuda/ | kuwiyarl /kuwijaɻl/ | kunyarr /kuˈɲar/ | mirri /ˈmiri/ | — /—/ |
| Paka | buthigan /but̪iɡan/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | paka /paka/ | miyawu /mijawu/ | — /—/ | — /—/ |
| Samaki | guudyu /ɡuːɟu/ | yaka /jaka/ | jabu /ˈɟabu/ | wiitya /wiːca/ | kapi /kapi/ | guuya /ˈɡuːja/ | yakuri /jakuɾi/ |
| Ndege | dyidyirr /ɟiɟir/ | — | dundu /ˈdundu/ | — | jiriki /ˈɟiɻiki/ | buujaan /ˈbuːɟaːn/ | — |
| Kipepeo | walbuulbul /walbuːlbul/ | — | — | ngaabeera /ŋaːbeːra/ | pirrpirntipirnti /pirpiɳʈipiɳʈi/ | buuja-buuja /ˈbuːɟabuːɟa/ | — |
| Yai | gundil /ɡundil/ | — | bambu /bambu/ | — | kampiny /kampiɲ/ | gabuuga /ˈɡabuːɡa/ | — |
| Farasi | yarraman /jaraman/ | — | — | — | timana /ˈtimana/ | yarraman /ˈjaraman/ | — |
| Nyumba | bayan /bajan/ | ngambirr /ŋambir/ | mija /ˈmiɟa/ | nhurra /ɳuɻa/ | mayaru /majaɻu/ | ngurang /ˈŋuɻaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Maziwa | guyuu /ɡujuː/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Asali | mula /mula/ | — | — | — | karlaka /ˈkaɭaka/ | ngarruu /ˈŋaruː/ | — |
| Kula | budal /budal/ | jitha /dʒiθa/ | janggay /ˈɟaŋɡaj/ | ngarna /ŋaɻna/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | dharra /ˈd̪ara/ | — /—/ |
| Kunywa | dyidyal /ɟiɟal/ | kurdama /kuɖama/ | gunyjal /ˈɡuɲɟal/ | nyuna /ɲuna/ | ngarnu /ŋaɳu/ | widyarra /ˈwiɟara/ | — /—/ |
| Kulala | waarrnggu /waːrŋɡu/ | — | bungil /ˈbuŋil/ | wuupata /wuːpata/ | manyan /ˈmaɲan/ | — | — |
| Moja | nubuun /nubuːn/ | warnge /waɾŋe/ | yunggul /ˈjuŋɡul/ | kuyu /kuju/ | layi /laji/ | ngumbaay /ˈŋumbaːj/ | — /—/ |
| Mbili | gudhiirra /ɡud̪iːra/ | kiyarrng /kijaɾŋ/ | bulay /ˈbulaj/ | wuthada /wut̪ada/ | kurriny /kuriɲ/ | bula /ˈbula/ | kiyarrngka /kijaɾŋka/ |
| Tatu | guunduu /ɡuːnduː/ | mungkalan /muŋkalan/ | garbu /ɡaɻbu/ | marnngurdu /maɳŋuɖu/ | mungkartu /muŋkaʈu/ | bula-ngumbaay /ˈbulaŋumbaːj/ | — /—/ |
| Tano | gaguwarr /ɡaɡuwar/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Habari | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | yaama /ˈjaːma/ | — /—/ |
| Asante | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | mandaang guwu /ˈmandaːŋ ˈɡuwu/ | — /—/ |
| Nzuri | dabaar /dabaːɻ/ | kuba /kuba/ | jigil /ˈɟiɡil/ | walykumarra /waʎkumaɻa/ | wulyu /wuʎu/ | marang /ˈmaɻaŋ/ | — /—/ |
| Mpya | nhilaa /n̪ilaː/ | — | gunyu /ˈɡuɲu/ | — | jalangjalang /ˈɟalaŋɟalaŋ/ | — | — |
| Nyekundu | diini /diːni/ | kandukan /kandukan/ | gunggu /ɡuŋɡu/ | marniwidi /maɳiwidi/ | ngirljarti /ŋiɭɟaʈi/ | girri-girri /ˈɡiriɡiri/ | kandukandu /kandukandu/ |
| Nyeupe | dyinggaa /ɟiŋɡaː/ | — | — | wilidi /wilidi/ | parpjarti /ˈpaɻpɟaɻti/ | barrabarra /ˈbarabara/ | — |
| Nyeusi | munhi /mun̪i/ | — | — | — | kurnkurn /kuɳkuɳ/ | buudhang /ˈbuːd̪aŋ/ | — |
| Chai | buurr /buːr/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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