Kwak'wala
Kikwakwala
Wakashi (kaskazini)
Kikwakwala (Kwakiutl) ni lugha kuu ya Kiwakashan cha Kaskazini ya watu wa Kwakwaka’wakw kwenye pwani ya kati ya British Columbia. Ina orodha ya konsonanti changamano sana, ikijumuisha konsonanti za ejektivu (k', t'), za vile vya juu na za kando za fricative. Wazungumzaji wake wanajulikana sana kwa sherehe kubwa za potlatch.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kikwakwala
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Wakashi (kaskazini)
| Maana | Kikwakwala | Kisquamish | Kitigre | Kimadura | Kithompson | Kijaqaru | Kiaguacateco |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | ʼwap /ʔwap/ | stáḵw /staqʷ/ | ማይ /maj/ | aèng /aɛŋ/ | qʷúʔ /qʷuʔ/ | uma /uma/ | aʼ /aʔ/ |
| Moto | la̱ḵ̕wa̱s /ləqʼʷəs/ | sḵwiḵw /sqʷiqʷ/ | እሳት /ʔəssat/ | apoy /apɔj/ | ʕʷyə́p /ʕʷjəp/ | nina /nina/ | qʼaq /qʼaq/ |
| Jua | ƛʼisa̱la /tɬʼisəla/ | snéḵwem /sneqʷəm/ | ጸሓይ /tsʼəħaj/ | are /are/ | sk̓ʷák̓ʷest /skʼʷakʼʷest/ | inti /inti/ | qʼijl /qʼihl/ |
| Mwezi | ʼma̱kwa̱la /ʔməkʷəla/ | lh7álha /ɬʔaɬa/ | ወርሕ /warəħ/ | bulan /bulan/ | máʕxetn /maʕxetn/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | xahaw /ʃahaw/ |
| Nyota | t̓ut̓u /tʼutʼu/ | kwekwtsi7 /kʷəkʷtsiʔ/ | ኮከብ /kokəb/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | nkʷəkʷúsn̓ /nkʷəkʷusnˀ/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | chumeʼl /tʃumeʔl/ |
| Usiku | g̱anutł /ɢanutɬ/ | nat /nat/ | ላሊ /lali/ | malem /maləm/ | sitist /sitist/ | aruma /aruma/ | aqʼbʼal /aqʼɓal/ |
| Mvua | ʼyugwa /ʔjuɡʷa/ | — | ዝለም /zaləm/ | ojhân /ɔdʒʱɤn/ | stékɬ /stekɬ/ | jallu /haʎu/ | abʼal /aɓal/ |
| Theluji | neʼ /neʔ/ | máḵa7 /maqaʔ/ | ዕጥብ በረድ /ʕətʼəb barad/ | salju /saldʒu/ | swúxwt /swuxʷt/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | — |
| Upepo | yola /jola/ | — | ወልወል /walwal/ | angèn /aŋɛn/ | snéw̓t /snewˀt/ | wawya /wawja/ | kyeqʼeqʼ /kjeqʼeqʼ/ |
| Udongo | a̱wiʼnak̕wa̱s /ʔəwiʔnakʷʼəs/ | temíxw /təmixʷ/ | ምድር /mɨdɨr/ | tana /tana/ | tmíxw /tmixʷ/ | — | txʼotxʼ /tʃʼotʃʼ/ |
| Jiwe | tʼisa̱m /tʼisəm/ | smant /smant/ | እብን /ʔɨbɨn/ | bato /ˈbatɔ/ | sxén̓x /sxenˀx/ | qala /qala/ | kʼubʼ /kʼuɓ/ |
| Mlima | na̱ge /nəɡe/ | smánit /smanit/ | ደብር /dabar/ | ghunong /ɡʱunɔŋ/ | sqʷə́m /sqʷəm/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | witz /wits/ |
| Mama | a̱ba̱mp /əbəmp/ | chésha7 /tʃeʃaʔ/ | እም /ʔəm/ | embuʼ /əmbuʔ/ | skíxzeʔ /skixzeʔ/ | mama /mama/ | naa /naː/ |
| Baba | ump /ʔump/ | smas /smas/ | አብ /ʔab/ | eppaʼ /əppaʔ/ | sqáczeʔ /sqatszeʔ/ | awki /awki/ | mam /mam/ |
| Binti | ga̱nana̱mg̱as /ɡənanəmɡas/ | — | ወለት /wələt/ | anaʼ bineʼ /anaʔ binɛʔ/ | — | — | meʼal /meʔal/ |
| Mimi | nugwaʼam /nuɡʷaʔam/ | en /ʔən/ | አነ /ʔana/ | sengkoʼ /səŋkoʔ/ | encwe /ʔəntʃwe/ | na /na/ | in /in/ |
| Wewe | suʼ /suʔ/ | chexw /tʃəxʷ/ | አንታ /ʔɨnta/ | baʼna /baʔna/ | enwi /ʔənwi/ | juma /huma/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Sisi | nugwaʼnts / nugwaʼnuʼxw /nuɡʷaʔnts / nuɡʷaʔnuʔxʷ/ | numalh /numaɬ/ | ሕና /ħəna/ | ban baʼna kabbi / sengkoʼ kabbi /ban baʔna kabbi / səŋkoʔ kabbi/ | nemimlh /nəmimɬ/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | oʼ /oʔ/ |
| Jina | dłig̱a̱m /dɮiɢəm/ | sna /sna/ | ስም /sɨm/ | nyama /ɲama/ | skʷést /skʷest/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | bʼiʼ /ɓiʔ/ |
| Kichwa | xumʼs /xumʔs/ | — | ረኣስ /raʔas/ | cèthak /tʃɛʈʰaʔ/ | — | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | wiʼaj /wiʔah/ |
| Jicho | g̱a̱ʼyag̱a̱s /ɢəʔjaɢəs/ | ḵlum̓ /qlumʔ/ | ዐይን /ʕajn/ | mata /mata/ | nk̓ʷətƛ̓ustn /nkʼʷətɬʼustn/ | nayra /najɾa/ | witzʼ /witsʼ/ |
| Sikio | pʼa̱spʼa̱ʼyu /pʼəspʼəʔju/ | — | እዝን /ʔəzən/ | kopèng /kɔpɛŋ/ | ƛ̓én̓i /tɬʼenˀi/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | xhchin /ʃtʃin/ |
| Pua | xa̱ndzas /xəndzas/ | — | አንፍ /ʔanf/ | elong /ɛloŋ/ | sp̓saq̓s /spʼsaqʼs/ | nasa /nasa/ | juʼ /χuʔ/ |
| Mdomo | sa̱ms /səms/ | — | አፍ /ʔaf/ | coloʼ /tʃɔlɔʔ/ | spléwcin /splewtsin/ | — | tziʼaj /tsiʔah/ |
| Jino | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | yenis /jənis/ | ንብ /nɨb/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | xyexw /χjeχʷ/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | eʼ /eʔ/ |
| Ulimi | k̓a̱la̱m /kʼələm/ | alhthal /aɬθaɬ/ | ልሳን /lisaːn/ | jhila /dʒʱila/ | teleʼ /təɬeʔ/ | naxra /naχra/ | aqʼ /aqʼ/ |
| Mkono | aʼyaʼsu /aʔjaʔsu/ | chálash /tʃalaʃ/ | እዴ /ʔəde/ | tanang /tanaŋ/ | kéyx /kejx/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | qʼab /qʼab/ |
| Mguu | gugwa̱ʼyu /ɡuɡʷəʔju/ | — | እግር /ʔəɡər/ | soko /sɔkɔ/ | sqwaxt /sqʷaxt/ | kayu /kaju/ | aqan /aqan/ |
| Moyo | noḵeʼ /nɔqeʔ/ | stúlich /stulitʃ/ | ልብ /ləbb/ | ate /atɛ/ | sxʷákʷukʷ /sxʷakʷukʷ/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | kʼuum /kʼuːm/ |
| Mfupa | x̱aḵ /χaq/ | shaw7 /ʃawʔ/ | ዓጽም /ʕatsʼəm/ | tolang /tolaŋ/ | qʼwəqʼwul /qʼʷəqʼʷuʎ/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | bʼaq /ɓaq/ |
| Damu | a̱lkwa /əlkʷa/ | sthathin /sθaθin/ | ደም /dam/ | dhara /ɖʱara/ | peteleʼ /pətəleʔ/ | wila /wila/ | chichʼ /tʃitʃʼ/ |
| Upendo | ʼya̱x̱is /ʔjəχis/ | néxwsa /nexʷsa/ | ፍቲ /fətti/ | tresna /trɛsna/ | xámeʔs /χameʔs/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | xajan /ʃahan/ |
| Mti | ḵ̕wax̱ /qʼʷaχ/ | stsékʼas /stsekʼas/ | ዕጨይ /ʕətʃʼaj/ | kaju /kaju/ | sɣép /sɣep/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | tzeʼ /tseʔ/ |
| Mbwa | ʼwat̕si /ʔwatsʼi/ | sḵwemáy̓ /sqʷəmajʔ/ | ከልብ /kalb/ | pateʼ /patɛʔ/ | sqáxa /sqaχa/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | txʼiʼ /tʃʼiʔ/ |
| Paka | busi /busi/ | pus /pus/ | ድሙ /dəmmu/ | koceng /kɔtʃɛŋ/ | púsh /puʃ/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | mis /mis/ |
| Samaki | mē /meː/ | stsʼúḵwi7 /stsʼuqʷiʔ/ | ዓሳ /ʕasa/ | jukoʼ /dʒukoʔ/ | sqyetn /sqjetn̩/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | kay /kaj/ |
| Ndege | pʼipʼaƛʼumas /pʼipʼatɬʼumas/ | — | ሰሬረት /sareːrat/ | manoʼ /manoʔ/ | spz̓úz̓uʔ /spzˀuzˀuʔ/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | chʼuʼl /tʃʼuʔl/ |
| Kipepeo | ha̱mumu /həmumu/ | — | — | ghâpper /ɡʱɤppər/ | nkíkax̣n̓i /nkikaχnˀi/ | — | slup /slup/ |
| Yai | tsʼigwa̱nu /tsʼiɡʷənu/ | — | — | tellor /tɛlːor/ | heʔúšeʔ /heʔuʃeʔ/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | kʼolobʼ /kʼoloɓ/ |
| Farasi | guʼdan /ɡuʔdan/ | — | ፈረስ /faras/ | jhârân /dʒʱɤrɤn/ | k̓əɬc̓esqáx̣aʔ /kʼəɬtsʼesqaχaʔ/ | — | chej /tʃeh/ |
| Nyumba | g̱ukw /ɡukʷ/ | lámʼ /lamʔ/ | ቤት /beːt/ | bengko /bəŋkɔ/ | citxw /tsitxʷ/ | uta /uta/ | nya /ɲa/ |
| Maziwa | ma̱lk /məlk/ | — | ሐሊብ /ħaliːb/ | susu /susu/ | míl̓k /milˀk/ | — | lech /letʃ/ |
| Chumvi | da̱msxi /dəmsxi/ | tlʼálhem /tɬʼaɬəm/ | ጨው /tʃʼəw/ | buja /budʒa/ | c̓ált /tsʼalt/ | katyi /kaci/ | aatzʼum /aːtsʼum/ |
| Mchele | les /les/ | — | ሩዝ /ruz/ | bherrâs /bʱərrɤs/ | — | — | arros /aros/ |
| Chuma | dza̱xʼa̱n /dzəxʔən/ | — | ሓጺን /ħatsʼin/ | bessè /bəsːɛ/ | ʔík̓mn /ʔikʼmn/ | — | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ |
| Gurudumu | ka̱lxsidzeʼ /kəlxsidzeʔ/ | — | ዕንክሎሎ /ʕənkəlolo/ | rodha /ˈrɔɖʱa/ | — | — | toloʼ /toloʔ/ |
| Kitabu | bukw /bukʷ/ | — | ክታብ /kɨtab/ | buku /buku/ | spáqʷ /spaqʷ/ | — | liwr /liwr/ |
| Kula | ha̱ʼma̱p /həʔməp/ | i7iyím /iʔijim/ | በልዐ /balʕa/ | ngakan /ŋakan/ | ʔíqs /ʔiqs/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | wii /wiː/ |
| Kunywa | naḵa /naqa/ | qʼemél7chen /qʼemʔeɬtʃen/ | ሰትየ /satja/ | ngenom /ŋənɔm/ | ʔúqʷeʔ /ʔuqʷeʔ/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | uuk /uːk/ |
| Kulala | mix̱a̱la /miχəla/ | — | ደቀሰ /daqasa/ | tedhung /təɖʱuŋ/ | ʕʷóy̓t /ʕʷojˀt/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | watl /waːtl/ |
| Moja | ʼna̱m /ʔnəm/ | nchʼa7 /ntʃʼaʔ/ | ዎሮት /worot/ | settong /səttɔŋ/ | péyeʔ /pejeʔ/ | maya /maja/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | maʼł /maʔɬ/ | án7us /ˈʔanʔus/ | ክልኦት /kɨlʔot/ | dhuwaʼ /ɖuwaʔ/ | séye /seje/ | paxa /paχa/ | kaʼwutz /kaʔwuts/ |
| Tatu | yudux /judux/ | chánat /tʃanat/ | ሰለስ /salas/ | telloʼ /təlːoʔ/ | keʔɬés /keʔɬes/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | oxox /oʃoʃ/ |
| Nne | mu /mu/ | x̱a7útsen /χaʔutsən/ | አርበዕ /ʔarbaʕ/ | empaʼ /əmpaʔ/ | mús /mus/ | pushi /puʃi/ | kyaj /kjah/ |
| Tano | sa̱kʼa /səkʼa/ | tsíyichis /tsijitʃis/ | ሐምስ /ħaməs/ | lemaʼ /ləmaʔ/ | cíykst /tsijkst/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | oʼ /oʔ/ |
| Mia | lakʼa̱nd /lakʼənd/ | — | ምእት /mɨʔɨt/ | saratos /saratos/ | x̣əcpq̓íqn̓kst /χətspqʼiqnˀkst/ | pachak /patʃak/ | jun cient /hun sjent/ |
| Habari | yo /jo/ | chen kwenmántumi /tʃen kʷenmantumi/ | ሰላም /salaːm/ | salam /salam/ | weytk /wejtk/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | kʼamta /kʼamta/ |
| Asante | g̱ilakasʼla /ɢilakasʔla/ | huy chexw a /huj tʃexʷ a/ | የቀንየለይ /jəqanjəlej/ | tarèma kasè /tarɛma kasɛ/ | kʷukʷscémxʷ /kʷukʷstsemxʷ/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | tixwajʼ /tiʃwahʼ/ |
| Nzuri | ek /ek/ | éy /ej/ | ጽቡቕ /tsʼəbbuqʼ/ | bagus /baɡus/ | y̓é /jˀe/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | balaj /balah/ |
| Mpya | alumas /alumas/ | — | ሐዲስ /ħaddis/ | anyar /aɲar/ | cíyci /tsijtsi/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | akʼaj /aːkʼah/ |
| Nyekundu | ƛ̕aq̓wa /tɬʼaqʼʷa/ | kʷəlqʷ /kʷəlqʷ/ | ቀይሕ /qajːəħ/ | mera /mɛra/ | cíqʷ /tsiqʷ/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | kyaq /kjaq/ |
| Nyeupe | ʼma̱la /mˀəla/ | pʼeḵʼ /pʼəqʼ/ | ጸዓዳ /tsʼaʕada/ | pote /potɛ/ | píq /piq/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | saq /saq/ |
| Nyeusi | tsʼuła /tsʼuɬa/ | ḵʼex̱ ḵʼíx̱ /qʼəχ qʼiχ/ | ጸሊም /tsʼɐlim/ | celleng /tʃəllɛŋ/ | hestə́ptəpt /hestəptəpt/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | qʼeq /qʼeq/ |
| Kijani | ła̱nx̱a /ɬənχa/ | tlʼestlʼís /tɬʼəstɬʼis/ | ሰዐርሰዕሮ /saʕarsaʕəro/ | bhiru /bʱiru/ | — | — | txaʼx /tʃaʔʃ/ |
| Buluu | dzasa /dzasa/ | skwáyel /skʷajəl/ | — | bhiru /bʱiru/ | ʔesqʷəzqʷəzt /ʔesqʷəzqʷəzt/ | — | xew /ʃew/ |
| Chai | di /di/ | ti7 /tiʔ/ | ሻሂ /ʃahi/ | tèh /tɛh/ | — | — | — |
| Kahawa | gobi /ɡobi/ | kapí /kapi/ | ቡን /bun/ | kopi /kɔpi/ | kápi /kapi/ | — | kapej /kapeh/ |
| Sukari | sugwa /suɡʷa/ | — | ስከር /sɨkkar/ | ghulâ /ɡʱulɐ/ | — | — | — |
| Chungwa | aya̱ndzis /ajəndzis/ | — | — | — | — | — | laranch /larantʃ/ |
Ukurasa 1/9
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