Dholuo
Kiluo
Nilo-Sahara (Western Nilotic)
Kiluo (Dholuo) ni lugha ya Waluo wanaoishi kandokando ya Ziwa Victoria, kabila la nne kwa ukubwa nchini Kenya (baada ya Wakikuyu, Waluhya na Wakalenjin), lenye wazungumzaji wapatao milioni 4 magharibi mwa Kenya (Nyanza) na kaskazini-magharibi mwa Tanzania (Mara). Ni sehemu ya tawi la Kiniloti cha Magharibi katika familia ya lugha za Nilo-Sahara, na inahusiana na Kiacholi, Kilango, Kialur pamoja na lugha za Kiluo za Sudan Kusini (Anyuak, Shilluk). Ina toni, upatanifu wa irabu unaotegemea ATR (mzizi wa ulimi kusogezwa mbele), na tofauti ya nne ya hali timilifu/isiyo timilifu ambayo si ya kawaida miongoni mwa lugha za Nilo-Sahara. Wazungumzaji maarufu wa Kiluo ni pamoja na Rais wa Marekani Barack Obama (familia ya baba yake) na kiongozi wa upinzani wa Kenya Raila Odinga.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kiluo
chokolet
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Nilo-Sahara (Western Nilotic)
| Maana | Kiluo | Kiacholi | Kilango | Kianuak | Kinuer | Kidinka | Kiswahili |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | pi /pi/ | pii /piː/ | pii /piː/ | pii /piː/ | pi /pi/ | piu /piu/ | maji /madʒi/ |
| Moto | mach /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mäc /mɛtʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | moto /ˈmoto/ |
| Jua | chiengʼ /tʃiɛŋ/ | ceng /tʃɛŋ/ | ceŋ /tʃɛŋ/ | ceeŋ /tʃeːŋ/ | caŋ /tʃaŋ/ | akɔ̈l /akɔl/ | jua /dʒua/ |
| Mwezi | dwe /dwe/ | dwe /dwe/ | dwe /dwe/ | dwee /dweː/ | pay /paj/ | pɛɛi /pɛːi/ | mwezi /ˈmwezi/ |
| Nyota | sulwe /sulwɛ/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | cero /tʃero/ | räl /ral/ | kuel /kwɛl/ | nyota /ˈɲota/ |
| Usiku | otieno /otiɛno/ | dyewor /dʲɛwor/ | owuor /owuor/ | wɛr /wɛr/ | wɛr /wɛr/ | wakɔu /wakɔu/ | usiku /usiku/ |
| Mvua | koth /kɔθ/ | kot /kot/ | kot /kot/ | — | nhiaal /n̪iaːl/ | deng /deŋ/ | mvua /ˈmvua/ |
| Theluji | theluji /θeluʒi/ | — | — | — | — | — | theluji /θeˈludʒi/ |
| Upepo | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | jiom /dʒiom/ | yom /jom/ | upepo /uˈpepo/ |
| Udongo | lowo /loːwo/ | ngom /ŋɔm/ | ngom /ŋom/ | — | piny /piɲ/ | piny /pinʲ/ | udongo /uˈdoŋɡo/ |
| Jiwe | kidi /ˈkidi/ | kidi /kidi/ | gweŋ /ɡweŋ/ | kidi /kidi/ | päm /pam/ | kuur /kuːr/ | jiwe /ˈdʒiwe/ |
| Mlima | got /ɡɔt/ | got /ɡot/ | kidi /kidi/ | — | — | gɔ̈ɔ̈t /ɡɔːt/ | mlima /ˈmlima/ |
| Bahari | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | nam /nam/ | — | bar /bar/ | — | bahari /baˈhari/ |
| Mama | mama /mama/ | mego /meɡo/ | mego /meɡo/ | min /min/ | maar /maːr/ | man /man/ | mama /ˈmama/ |
| Baba | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | papo /papo/ | waad /waːd/ | gwaar /ɡwaːr/ | wun /wun/ | baba /ˈbaba/ |
| Binti | nyar /ɲar/ | nya /ɲa/ | nya /ɲa/ | — | nya /ɲa/ | nyan /ɲan/ | binti /binti/ |
| Mimi | an /an/ | an /an/ | an /an/ | än /an/ | ɣän /ɣan/ | ɣɛn /ɣɛn/ | mimi /ˈmimi/ |
| Wewe | in /in/ | in /in/ | yin /jin/ | in /in/ | jin /jin/ | yïn /jin/ | wewe /ˈwewe/ |
| Sisi | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wän /wan/ | kɔn /kɔn/ | ɣok /ɣɔk/ | sisi /ˈsisi/ |
| Jina | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nyiŋ /ɲiŋ/ | ciot /tɕɔːt/ | rin /rin/ | jina /ˈdʒina/ |
| Mtu | dhano /ðano/ | dano /dano/ | dano /dano/ | — | raan /raːn/ | raan /raːn/ | mtu /ˈmtu/ |
| Kichwa | wich /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | nhom /n̪om/ | kichwa /ˈkitʃwa/ |
| Jicho | wangʼ /waŋ/ | wang /waŋ/ | waŋ /waŋ/ | waang /waːŋ/ | waŋ /waŋ/ | nyin /ɲin/ | jicho /dʒitʃo/ |
| Sikio | it /it/ | it /it/ | it /it/ | yith /jiθ/ | jith /dʒiθ/ | yith /jic/ | sikio /sikio/ |
| Pua | um /um/ | um /um/ | um /um/ | wum /wum/ | wum /wum/ | wum /wum/ | pua /ˈpua/ |
| Mdomo | dhok /ðok/ | dog /doɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | — | thok /t̪ɔk/ | thok /t̪ɔk/ | mdomo /mˈɗomo/ |
| Jino | lak /lak/ | lak /lak/ | lak /lak/ | leo /leo/ | lei /lei/ | lec /letʃ/ | jino /dʒino/ |
| Ulimi | lep /lɛp/ | leb /lɛb/ | leb /lɛb/ | lɛph /lɛpʰ/ | lɛp /lɛpʰ/ | liep /liep/ | ulimi /ulimi/ |
| Mkono | lwedo /lwɛdo/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | tet /tet/ | cin /tʃin/ | mkono /mˈkono/ |
| Mguu | tielo /tiɛlo/ | tyen /tʲɛn/ | tyen /tjɛn/ | tielo /tielo/ | cio̱o̱k /tɕɔːk/ | cök /tʃɔk/ | mguu /m̩ˈɠuː/ |
| Moyo | chuny /tʃuɲ/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | cuny /tʃuɲ/ | lëŋ /lɛŋ/ | piöu /piɔu/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Mfupa | chogo /tʃoɡo/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | cou /tʃou/ | cɔɣ /tʃɔɣ/ | yuɔɔm /juɔːm/ | mfupa /mfupa/ |
| Damu | remo /rɛmo/ | remo /rɛmo/ | rem /rɛm/ | remoʼ /rɛmoʔ/ | riɛm /riɛm/ | riɛm /riɛm/ | damu /damu/ |
| Kinyesi | chieth /tʃiɛθ/ | cet /tʃɛt/ | cet /tʃɛt/ | — | — | ciɛ̈th /tʃiɛt̪/ | Kinyesi /kiˈɲesi/ |
| Upendo | hera /hera/ | mar /mar/ | amara /amara/ | mar /mar/ | nhok /nok/ | nhiär /n̪iar/ | upendo /uˈpendo/ |
| Mti | yath /jaθ/ | yat /jat/ | yat /jat/ | yat /jat/ | jïath /dʒiat̪/ | tim /tim/ | mti /ˈmti/ |
| Mbwa | guok /ɡuok/ | gwok /ɡʷok/ | gwok /ɡwok/ | guok /ɡuok/ | jiek /dʒiek/ | jɔ̈ŋ /dʒɔŋ/ | mbwa /ᵐbwa/ |
| Paka | paka /paka/ | ngabu /ŋabu/ | mbweko /mbweko/ | nyamur /ɲamur/ | gec /ɡetʃ/ | gec /ɡetʃ/ | paka /ˈpaka/ |
| Samaki | rech /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | reo /reoʔ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | samaki /samaki/ |
| Ndege | winyo /wiɲo/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | — | dit /dit/ | diɛt /diɛt/ | ndege /ndeɡe/ |
| Kipepeo | oguyo /oɡujo/ | lapwopwo /lapwopwo/ | kapwopwo /kapwopwo/ | — | del kwoth /dɛl kwɔt̪/ | dap /dap/ | kipepeo /kipeˈpeo/ |
| Yai | tongʼ /toŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | toŋ /toŋ/ | tøŋ gwienø /tøŋ ɡwienø/ | tuoŋ /tuɔŋ/ | tuɔŋ /tuɔŋ/ | yai /ˈjai/ |
| Dubu | dubu /dubu/ | — | dubu /dubu/ | — | — | — | dubu /ˈdubu/ |
| Farasi | faras /faras/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | okweeny /okweːɲ/ | jio̱k tuɔ̱ruɔ̱k /dʒiɔk tuɔruɔk/ | mathiaŋ /mat̪iaŋ/ | farasi /faˈrasi/ |
| Nyumba | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | dööl /dɔːl/ | ɣöt /ɣɔt/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ |
| Maziwa | chak /tʃak/ | cak /tʃak/ | cak /tʃak/ | caak /tʃaːk/ | cak /tʃak/ | ca /tʃa/ | maziwa /maˈziwa/ |
| Asali | mor kich /mor kitʃ/ | kic /kitʃ/ | moo kic /moː kitʃ/ | maar kïc /maːr kitʃ/ | tuaar /tuaːr/ | kiɛ̈c /kiɛtʃ/ | asali /aˈsali/ |
| Chumvi | chumbi /tʃumbi/ | kado /kado/ | kado /kado/ | — | milɛ /milɛ/ | awai /awai/ | chumvi /tʃumvi/ |
| Mvinyo | divai /divai/ | bwino /bwino/ | koŋo /koŋo/ | køøŋ nyïïomøki /køːŋ ɲiːomøki/ | kɔaŋ /kɔaŋ/ | mɔ̈u /mɔu/ | mvinyo /mˈviɲo/ |
| Mchele | ochele /otʃele/ | ruc /rutʃ/ | — | — | — | — | mchele /mˈtʃele/ |
| Chokoleti | chokolet | — | — | — | — | — | chokoleti /tʃokoˈleti/ |
| Chuma | nyinyo /ˈɲiɲo/ | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | — | yiëëth /jiɛːt̪/ | weeth /weːt̪/ | chuma /tʃuma/ |
| Gurudumu | nyange /ɲaŋe/ | lawala /lawala/ | okot /okot/ | — | wil /wil/ | köl /kɔl/ | gurudumu /ɡuruˈdumu/ |
| Hariri | las /las/ | aridi /aridi/ | — | — | — | — | hariri /haˈriri/ |
| Kitabu | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | — | bok /bɔk/ | athör /at̪ɔr/ | kitabu /kiˈtabu/ |
| Kula | chiemo /tʃiemo/ | cam /tʃam/ | camo /tʃamo/ | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | kula /ˈkula/ |
| Kunywa | madho /maðo/ | mat /mat/ | matho /matʰo/ | maath /maːt̪/ | math /mat̪/ | dek /dek/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Kulala | nindo /nindo/ | nino /nino/ | nino /nino/ | nin /nin/ | nin /nin/ | nin /niːn/ | kulala /kulala/ |
| Moja | achiel /atʃiɛl/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | acel /atʃel/ | kɛl /kɛl/ | tök /tɔk/ | moja /modʒa/ |
| Mbili | ariyo /arijo/ | aryo /arjo/ | aryo /arjo/ | aryew /arjɛw/ | rew /rɛw/ | rou /rou/ | mbili /mˈbili/ |
| Tatu | adek /adek/ | adek /adek/ | adek /adek/ | adak /adʌk/ | diɔ̱k /dijɔk/ | diak /diak/ | tatu /tatu/ |
| Nne | angʼwen /aŋwɛn/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angween /aŋweːn/ | ŋuan /ŋwan/ | ŋuan /ŋuan/ | nne /nːe/ |
| Tano | abich /abitʃ/ | abic /abitʃ/ | abic /aˈbitʃ/ | abic /abitʃ/ | dhieec /ɟiec/ | dhiëc /ɟiɛc/ | tano /ˈtano/ |
| Mia | mia /mia/ | miya /mija/ | mia /miə/ | dipa /dipa/ | kuɔ̱r /kuɔr/ | buɔt /buɔt/ | mia /ˈmia/ |
| Habari | misawa /misawa/ | itye nining /itʲɛ niniŋ/ | itye nining /itje niniŋ/ | mali /mali/ | malɛ /malɛ/ | ke yïn /ke jin/ | habari /haˈbari/ |
| Asante | erokamano /erokamano/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | lɛrnyä /lɛrɲa/ | alanyiek /alaɲiek/ | asante /aˈsante/ |
| Nzuri | maber /maber/ | ber /ber/ | ber /ber/ | ber /ber/ | gɔaa /ɡɔaː/ | piath /piat̪/ | nzuri /ˈnzuri/ |
| Mpya | manyien /maɲien/ | manyen /maɲɛn/ | anyen /aɲen/ | nyään /ɲaːn/ | — | yam /jam/ | mpya /ˈmpja/ |
| Nyekundu | makwar /makwar/ | makwar /makwar/ | makwar /makwar/ | kwaar /kwaːr/ | lual /lual/ | thith /tʰitʰ/ | nyekundu /ɲekundu/ |
| Nyeupe | rachar /ratʃar/ | tar /tar/ | tar /tar/ | tar /tar/ | bor /bor/ | ɣer /ɣer/ | nyeupe /ɲeupe/ |
| Nyeusi | ratengʼ /ratɛŋ/ | macol /matʃol/ | acol /atʃol/ | cøl /tʃøl/ | car /tʃar/ | col /tʃol/ | nyeusi /ɲeusi/ |
| Buluu | rambulu /rambulu/ | mabulu /mabulu/ | bululu /bululu/ | — | yiel /jiel/ | — | buluu /buluː/ |
| Kompyuta | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | — | — | makuɛ̈n /makuɛn/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ |
| Chai | chai /tʃai/ | cai /tʃai/ | — | — | — | cai /tʃai/ | chai /tʃai/ |
| Kahawa | kahawa /kahawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | kawa /kawa/ | — | — | — | kahawa /kaˈhawa/ |
| Sukari | sukari /sukari/ | cukari /tʃukari/ | — | — | — | thukar | sukari /suˈkari/ |
| Chungwa | machunga /matʃuŋɡa/ | mucungwa /mutʃuŋwa/ | — | — | — | bertukan /bertukan/ | chungwa /tʃuŋɡwa/ |
| 99 | piero ochiko gochiko /piero otʃiko ɡotʃiko/ | pyere abongwen wiye abongwen /pjere aboŋwɛn wije aboŋwɛn/ | pyeraboŋwen wie aboŋwen /pjeraboŋwɛn wie aboŋwɛn/ | — | jiɛn bäŋuan wi̱cdɛ bäŋuan /ɟiɛn bʌŋwan wicdɛ bʌŋwan/ | thiärdhoŋuan ku dhoŋuan /t̪iard̪oŋuan ku d̪oŋuan/ | tisini na tisa /tiˈsini na ˈtisa/ |
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