Thuɔŋjäŋ
Kidinka
Nilo-Sahara (Western Nilotic)
Kidinka (Thuɔŋjäŋ) ni mojawapo ya lugha kubwa zaidi za Nilo-Sahara na lugha kubwa zaidi nchini Sudan Kusini, likiwa na wazungumzaji wapatao milioni 4; ni lugha ya watu wa Dinka wa Sudan Kusini, kabila kubwa zaidi nchini humo. Kina uhusiano wa karibu na Kinuer (vyote viwili kwa pamoja huunda kundi la Dinka-Nuer), lakini kikiwa na tofauti kubwa za kiisimu. Kidinka kina mfumo wa irabu ulio tata isivyo kawaida, ambapo sifa za sauti za kupumua (breathy) na za mkwaruzo (creaky) huonyesha tofauti za kimofolojia (kwa mfano kati ya umoja na wingi), tofauti tatu za urefu wa irabu (fupi, ndefu, ndefu zaidi) na toni tatu. Makundi makuu ya lahaja ni pamoja na Padang (Kaskazini-Mashariki), Rek (Kati) na Agar (Bahr el-Ghazal). Hati sanifu hutumia alfabeti ya Kilatini yenye alama za diakritiki (ä ë ï ö ɛ ɔ ɣ).
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kidinka
thukar
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Nilo-Sahara (Western Nilotic)
| Maana | Kidinka | Kinuer | Kiacholi | Kianuak | Kilango | Kiluo | Kibari |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | piu /piu/ | pi /pi/ | pii /piː/ | pii /piː/ | pii /piː/ | pi /pi/ | piong /piɔŋ/ |
| Moto | mac /matʃ/ | mäc /mɛtʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mac /matʃ/ | mach /matʃ/ | kima /kima/ |
| Jua | akɔ̈l /akɔl/ | caŋ /tʃaŋ/ | ceng /tʃɛŋ/ | ceeŋ /tʃeːŋ/ | ceŋ /tʃɛŋ/ | chiengʼ /tʃiɛŋ/ | kolor /kolor/ |
| Mwezi | pɛɛi /pɛːi/ | pay /paj/ | dwe /dwe/ | dwee /dweː/ | dwe /dwe/ | dwe /dwe/ | yapa /japa/ |
| Nyota | kuel /kwɛl/ | räl /ral/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | cero /tʃero/ | lakalatwe /lakalatwɛ/ | sulwe /sulwɛ/ | kaserokoti /kaserokoti/ |
| Usiku | wakɔu /wakɔu/ | wɛr /wɛr/ | dyewor /dʲɛwor/ | wɛr /wɛr/ | owuor /owuor/ | otieno /otiɛno/ | tukwaje /tukʷaje/ |
| Mvua | deng /deŋ/ | nhiaal /n̪iaːl/ | kot /kot/ | — | kot /kot/ | koth /kɔθ/ | kudu /kudu/ |
| Upepo | yom /jom/ | jiom /dʒiom/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | yamo /jamo/ | köbuŋöt /kɔbuŋɔt/ |
| Udongo | piny /pinʲ/ | piny /piɲ/ | ngom /ŋɔm/ | — | ngom /ŋom/ | lowo /loːwo/ | kak /kak/ |
| Jiwe | kuur /kuːr/ | päm /pam/ | kidi /kidi/ | kidi /kidi/ | gweŋ /ɡweŋ/ | kidi /ˈkidi/ | ŋurupit /ŋurupit/ |
| Mlima | gɔ̈ɔ̈t /ɡɔːt/ | — | got /ɡot/ | — | kidi /kidi/ | got /ɡɔt/ | mere /mere/ |
| Mama | man /man/ | maar /maːr/ | mego /meɡo/ | min /min/ | mego /meɡo/ | mama /mama/ | ŋote /ŋote/ |
| Baba | wun /wun/ | gwaar /ɡwaːr/ | baba /baba/ | waad /waːd/ | papo /papo/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ |
| Binti | nyan /ɲan/ | nya /ɲa/ | nya /ɲa/ | — | nya /ɲa/ | nyar /ɲar/ | ŋuro nakwan /ŋuro nakʷan/ |
| Mimi | ɣɛn /ɣɛn/ | ɣän /ɣan/ | an /an/ | än /an/ | an /an/ | an /an/ | nan /nan/ |
| Wewe | yïn /jin/ | jin /jin/ | in /in/ | in /in/ | yin /jin/ | in /in/ | do /do/ |
| Sisi | ɣok /ɣɔk/ | kɔn /kɔn/ | wan /wan/ | wän /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | yi /ji/ |
| Jina | rin /rin/ | ciot /tɕɔːt/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nyiŋ /ɲiŋ/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | nying /ɲiŋ/ | karin /karin/ |
| Mtu | raan /raːn/ | raan /raːn/ | dano /dano/ | — | dano /dano/ | dhano /ðano/ | ŋutu /ŋutu/ |
| Kichwa | nhom /n̪om/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wic /witʃ/ | wich /witʃ/ | kwe /kʷe/ |
| Jicho | nyin /ɲin/ | waŋ /waŋ/ | wang /waŋ/ | waang /waːŋ/ | waŋ /waŋ/ | wangʼ /waŋ/ | kongi /koŋɡi/ |
| Sikio | yith /jic/ | jith /dʒiθ/ | it /it/ | yith /jiθ/ | it /it/ | it /it/ | swot /swot/ |
| Pua | wum /wum/ | wum /wum/ | um /um/ | wum /wum/ | um /um/ | um /um/ | kume /kume/ |
| Mdomo | thok /t̪ɔk/ | thok /t̪ɔk/ | dog /doɡ/ | — | dog /doɡ/ | dhok /ðok/ | kutuk /kutuk/ |
| Jino | lec /letʃ/ | lei /lei/ | lak /lak/ | leo /leo/ | lak /lak/ | lak /lak/ | kele /kele/ |
| Ulimi | liep /liep/ | lɛp /lɛpʰ/ | leb /lɛb/ | lɛph /lɛpʰ/ | leb /lɛb/ | lep /lɛp/ | ŋadap /ŋadap/ |
| Mkono | cin /tʃin/ | tet /tet/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | cing /tʃiŋ/ | lwedo /lwɛdo/ | könin /kɔnin/ |
| Mguu | cök /tʃɔk/ | cio̱o̱k /tɕɔːk/ | tyen /tʲɛn/ | tielo /tielo/ | tyen /tjɛn/ | tielo /tiɛlo/ | moköt /mokɔt/ |
| Moyo | piöu /piɔu/ | lëŋ /lɛŋ/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | cuny /tʃuɲ/ | cwiny /tʃwiɲ/ | chuny /tʃuɲ/ | töili /tɔili/ |
| Mfupa | yuɔɔm /juɔːm/ | cɔɣ /tʃɔɣ/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | cou /tʃou/ | cogo /tʃoɡo/ | chogo /tʃoɡo/ | kuyutio /kujutio/ |
| Damu | riɛm /riɛm/ | riɛm /riɛm/ | remo /rɛmo/ | remoʼ /rɛmoʔ/ | rem /rɛm/ | remo /rɛmo/ | rima /rima/ |
| Kinyesi | ciɛ̈th /tʃiɛt̪/ | — | cet /tʃɛt/ | — | cet /tʃɛt/ | chieth /tʃiɛθ/ | korodo /korodo/ |
| Upendo | nhiär /n̪iar/ | nhok /nok/ | mar /mar/ | mar /mar/ | amara /amara/ | hera /hera/ | nyar /ɲar/ |
| Mti | tim /tim/ | jïath /dʒiat̪/ | yat /jat/ | yat /jat/ | yat /jat/ | yath /jaθ/ | ködini /kɔdini/ |
| Mbwa | jɔ̈ŋ /dʒɔŋ/ | jiek /dʒiek/ | gwok /ɡʷok/ | guok /ɡuok/ | gwok /ɡwok/ | guok /ɡuok/ | ’dioŋ /ɗioŋ/ |
| Paka | gec /ɡetʃ/ | gec /ɡetʃ/ | ngabu /ŋabu/ | nyamur /ɲamur/ | mbweko /mbweko/ | paka /paka/ | lupa /lupa/ |
| Samaki | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | reo /reoʔ/ | rec /rɛtʃ/ | rech /rɛtʃ/ | sumuti /sumuti/ |
| Ndege | diɛt /diɛt/ | dit /dit/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | — | winyo /wiɲo/ | winyo /wiɲo/ | kwenti /kʷenti/ |
| Kipepeo | dap /dap/ | del kwoth /dɛl kwɔt̪/ | lapwopwo /lapwopwo/ | — | kapwopwo /kapwopwo/ | oguyo /oɡujo/ | — |
| Yai | tuɔŋ /tuɔŋ/ | tuoŋ /tuɔŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | tøŋ gwienø /tøŋ ɡwienø/ | toŋ /toŋ/ | tongʼ /toŋ/ | katulukuti /katulukuti/ |
| Farasi | mathiaŋ /mat̪iaŋ/ | jio̱k tuɔ̱ruɔ̱k /dʒiɔk tuɔruɔk/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | okweeny /okweːɲ/ | aguragura /aɡuraɡura/ | faras /faras/ | kusan /kusan/ |
| Nyumba | ɣöt /ɣɔt/ | dööl /dɔːl/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | ot /ot/ | kadi /kadi/ |
| Maziwa | ca /tʃa/ | cak /tʃak/ | cak /tʃak/ | caak /tʃaːk/ | cak /tʃak/ | chak /tʃak/ | le /le/ |
| Asali | kiɛ̈c /kiɛtʃ/ | tuaar /tuaːr/ | kic /kitʃ/ | maar kïc /maːr kitʃ/ | moo kic /moː kitʃ/ | mor kich /mor kitʃ/ | siwatat /siwatat/ |
| Chumvi | awai /awai/ | milɛ /milɛ/ | kado /kado/ | — | kado /kado/ | chumbi /tʃumbi/ | alang /alaŋ/ |
| Mvinyo | mɔ̈u /mɔu/ | kɔaŋ /kɔaŋ/ | bwino /bwino/ | køøŋ nyïïomøki /køːŋ ɲiːomøki/ | koŋo /koŋo/ | divai /divai/ | binyo /biɲo/ |
| Chuma | weeth /weːt̪/ | yiëëth /jiɛːt̪/ | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | — | nyonyo /ɲoɲo/ | nyinyo /ˈɲiɲo/ | witi /witi/ |
| Gurudumu | köl /kɔl/ | wil /wil/ | lawala /lawala/ | — | okot /okot/ | nyange /ɲaŋe/ | — /—/ |
| Kitabu | athör /at̪ɔr/ | bok /bɔk/ | buk /buk/ | — | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ |
| Kula | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | cam /tʃam/ | camo /tʃamo/ | chiemo /tʃiemo/ | nyesu /ɲesu/ |
| Kunywa | dek /dek/ | math /mat̪/ | mat /mat/ | maath /maːt̪/ | matho /matʰo/ | madho /maðo/ | möju /mɔju/ |
| Kulala | nin /niːn/ | nin /nin/ | nino /nino/ | nin /nin/ | nino /nino/ | nindo /nindo/ | doto /doto/ |
| Moja | tök /tɔk/ | kɛl /kɛl/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | acel /atʃel/ | acel /atʃɛl/ | achiel /atʃiɛl/ | geleŋ /ɡeleŋ/ |
| Mbili | rou /rou/ | rew /rɛw/ | aryo /arjo/ | aryew /arjɛw/ | aryo /arjo/ | ariyo /arijo/ | murek /murek/ |
| Tatu | diak /diak/ | diɔ̱k /dijɔk/ | adek /adek/ | adak /adʌk/ | adek /adek/ | adek /adek/ | musala /musala/ |
| Nne | ŋuan /ŋuan/ | ŋuan /ŋwan/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angween /aŋweːn/ | angwen /aŋwɛn/ | angʼwen /aŋwɛn/ | ŋwan /ŋwan/ |
| Tano | dhiëc /ɟiɛc/ | dhieec /ɟiec/ | abic /abitʃ/ | abic /abitʃ/ | abic /aˈbitʃ/ | abich /abitʃ/ | mukanat /mukanat/ |
| Mia | buɔt /buɔt/ | kuɔ̱r /kuɔr/ | miya /mija/ | dipa /dipa/ | mia /miə/ | mia /mia/ | mia /mia/ |
| Habari | ke yïn /ke jin/ | malɛ /malɛ/ | itye nining /itʲɛ niniŋ/ | mali /mali/ | itye nining /itje niniŋ/ | misawa /misawa/ | madaŋ /madaŋ/ |
| Asante | alanyiek /alaɲiek/ | lɛrnyä /lɛrɲa/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | apwoyo /apwojo/ | erokamano /erokamano/ | tinate /tinate/ |
| Nzuri | piath /piat̪/ | gɔaa /ɡɔaː/ | ber /ber/ | ber /ber/ | ber /ber/ | maber /maber/ | ’but /ɓut/ |
| Mpya | yam /jam/ | — | manyen /maɲɛn/ | nyään /ɲaːn/ | anyen /aɲen/ | manyien /maɲien/ | ludukotyo /ludukotjo/ |
| Nyekundu | thith /tʰitʰ/ | lual /lual/ | makwar /makwar/ | kwaar /kwaːr/ | makwar /makwar/ | makwar /makwar/ | lotor /lotor/ |
| Nyeupe | ɣer /ɣer/ | bor /bor/ | tar /tar/ | tar /tar/ | tar /tar/ | rachar /ratʃar/ | lokwe /lokwe/ |
| Nyeusi | col /tʃol/ | car /tʃar/ | macol /matʃol/ | cøl /tʃøl/ | acol /atʃol/ | ratengʼ /ratɛŋ/ | lurwö /lurwɔ/ |
| Kijani | tɔ̈c /tɔtʃ/ | tɔc /tɔtʃ/ | atworo /atworo/ | — | — | — | loŋem /loŋem/ |
| Kompyuta | makuɛ̈n /makuɛn/ | — | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | — | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — |
| Chai | cai /tʃai/ | — | cai /tʃai/ | — | — | chai /tʃai/ | — |
| Sukari | thukar | — | cukari /tʃukari/ | — | — | sukari /sukari/ | — |
| Chungwa | bertukan /bertukan/ | — | mucungwa /mutʃuŋwa/ | — | — | machunga /matʃuŋɡa/ | — |
| 99 | thiärdhoŋuan ku dhoŋuan /t̪iard̪oŋuan ku d̪oŋuan/ | jiɛn bäŋuan wi̱cdɛ bäŋuan /ɟiɛn bʌŋwan wicdɛ bʌŋwan/ | pyere abongwen wiye abongwen /pjere aboŋwɛn wije aboŋwɛn/ | — | pyeraboŋwen wie aboŋwen /pjeraboŋwɛn wie aboŋwɛn/ | piero ochiko gochiko /piero otʃiko ɡotʃiko/ | merya buŋwan wot buŋwan /merja buŋwan wot buŋwan/ |
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