Mende
Kimende
Niger-Kongo (Mande)
Kimende ni lugha ya tawi la Mande katika familia ya Niger-Kongo inayozungumzwa na karibu watu milioni 2, hasa kusini na mashariki mwa Sierra Leone, na pia na jamii ndogo zaidi nchini Liberia na Guinea. Ni mojawapo ya lugha kuu za kitaifa za Sierra Leone na hutumika kama lugha ya kazi ya ngazi ya mkoa katika sehemu kubwa ya eneo lake la msingi. Kimende ni lugha ya toni na siku hizi kwa kawaida huandikwa kwa tahajia inayotegemea alfabeti ya Kilatini. Silabari ya Mende Kikakui, inayoandikwa kutoka kulia kwenda kushoto, ilibuniwa karibu mwaka 1917 na Mohamed Turay na kupanuliwa sana na Kisimi Kamara, aliyeieneza tangu miaka ya 1920; ingawa sasa haitumiki sana, Unicode huiweka kama mfumo tofauti wa maandishi.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kimende
kɔmpitei
Vyanzo
- Mende New Testament "Ngowili Yekpei" (MENNT), bible.com version 2951; ASJP MENDE / MENDE_2 (confirmation)
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Niger-Kongo (Mande)
| Maana | Kimende | Kikpelle | Kivai | Kibambara | Kidyula | Kimaninkakan cha Kita | Kimaninka cha Mashariki |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | njɛi /ndʒɛi/ | ya /ja/ | ꕀ /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ | ji /dʒi/ |
| Moto | ngɔmbu /ŋɡɔmbu/ | ŋɔŋ /ŋɔŋ/ | ꕚ /ta/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | tasuma /tasuma/ | ta /ta/ |
| Jua | folo /folo/ | fólo /fólo/ | ꔎꔒ /tele/ | tile /tile/ | tile /tile/ | tle /tle/ | tele /tele/ |
| Mwezi | ngalu /ŋɡalu/ | ɣáloŋ /ɣáloŋ/ | ꕪꖃ /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | kalo /kalo/ | karo /karo/ |
| Nyota | tumbeka /tumbeka/ | pɛmɛlɛŋ-kao /pɛmɛlɛŋ kao/ | ꗋꗏ /tólò/ | dolo /dòlo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ | lolo /lolo/ |
| Usiku | kpindi /kpindi/ | kpini /kpini/ | lifi /lifi/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ | su /su/ |
| Upepo | fɛfɛ /fɛfɛ/ | fãa /fãː/ | ꔱꕩ /fija/ | fiɲɛ /fiɲɛ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ | fɔɲɔ /fɔɲɔ/ |
| Jiwe | kɔtu /kɔtu/ | kɔni /kɔni/ | ꔖꘋ /sɛŋ/ | kaba /kaba/ | kabakuru /kabakuru/ | — | kaba /kaba/ |
| Mlima | ngiye /ŋɡije/ | — | ꗛꖻ /koõ/ | kulu /kulu/ | kulu /kulu/ | — | kɔnkɛ /kɔŋkɛ/ |
| Mama | nje /ndʒe/ | nee /neː/ | ꕒ /ɓa/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ | ba /ba/ |
| Baba | kɛkɛ /kɛkɛ/ | nâŋ /nâŋ/ | ꕘ /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ | fa /fa/ |
| Binti | nyahalo /ɲahalo/ | lóŋ-nɛni /lóŋ nɛni/ | ꔔꘋ ꖷꖬꕮ /dɛ̃ musuma/ | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ | denmuso /denmuso/ | — | denmuso /dɛnmuso/ |
| Mimi | nya /ɲá/ | ńyãa /ńjãː/ | ꘋ /ŋ̀/ | ne /nè/ | n /ŋ́/ | ne /ne/ | ne /ne/ |
| Wewe | bi /bí/ | í /í/ | ꔤ /ì/ | i /í/ | i /í/ | i /i/ | i /i/ |
| Sisi | mu /mu/ | kú /kú/ | ꖷ /mù/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /án/ | an /an/ |
| Jina | laa /láá/ | lâa /lâː/ | ꕿꘌ /tɔ́ː/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ̀ɡɔ/ | tɔgɔ /tɔ́ɡɔ/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ | tɔɔ /tɔː/ |
| Mtu | numu /numu/ | nuu /nuː/ | ꗞ /mo/ | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ | mɔgɔ /mɔ̀ɡɔ/ | — | mɔɔ /mɔː/ |
| Kichwa | ngu /ŋɡu/ | ŋuŋ /ŋuŋ/ | ꖴꘋ /kuŋ/ | kun /kun/ | kunkolo /kunkolo/ | — | kun /kũ/ |
| Jicho | ngama /ŋɡama/ | ŋɛ /ŋɛ/ | ꕰ /ɲa/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ɲɛ /ɲɛ/ | ña /ɲa/ | ɲa /ɲa/ |
| Sikio | ngoli /ŋɡoli/ | wóli /wóli/ | ꕿꖃ /tɔlɔ/ | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tulo /tulo/ | tolo /tolo/ |
| Mdomo | nda /nda/ | — | ꕞ /la/ | da /da/ | da /da/ | — | da /da/ |
| Jino | ngongou /ŋɡoŋɡou/ | nyiŋ /ɲiŋ/ | ɲiŋ /ɲiŋ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ | ɲin /ɲĩ/ |
| Ulimi | nɛi /nɛi/ | nɛŋ /nɛŋ/ | nɛ /nɛ/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ | nɛn /nɛn/ |
| Mkono | loko /loko/ | yee /jeː/ | ꗃꗏ /ɓolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ | bolo /bolo/ |
| Mguu | kɔwɔ /kɔwɔ/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ | ꔞꘋ /keŋ/ | sen /sèn/ | sen /sen/ | — | sen /sen/ |
| Moyo | lii /liː/ | lii /liː/ | ꔖꕇ /sɛni/ | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | dusu /dusu/ | jusu /dʒusu/ |
| Mfupa | kala /kala/ | kau /kau/ | kuru /kuru/ | kolo /kolo/ | kolo /kolo/ | kulu /kulu/ | kolo /kolo/ |
| Damu | ŋama /ŋama/ | ŋãa /ŋãː/ | wuli /wuli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | joli /dʒoli/ | jeli /dʒeli/ |
| Upendo | ndoma /ndoma/ | wɛli /wɛli/ | ꔷꕩ /lija/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanu /kanu/ | kanin /kanĩ/ |
| Mti | ngulu /ŋɡulu/ | wúru /wúru/ | ꗛꘋ /kɔŋ/ | jiri /dʒiri/ | yiri /jiri/ | yiri /jiɾi/ | yiri /jiɾi/ |
| Mbwa | ngila /ŋɡila/ | nyila /ɲila/ | ꖙꖨ /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ | wulu /wulu/ |
| Paka | gɔngɔ /ɡɔŋɡɔ/ | nyàle /ɲàle/ | ꖷꖬ /musu/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | jakuma /dʒakuma/ | ñaakuma /ɲaːkuma/ | ɲaari /ɲaːri/ |
| Samaki | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | nyɛ̃ɛ /ɲɛ̃ː/ | nyɛ /ɲɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛgɛ /dʒɛɡɛ/ | jɛɛ /dʒɛː/ |
| Yai | ngalu /ŋɡalu/ | — | ꔞꔤ /kɛi/ | shɛfan /ʃɛfã/ | sisɛfan /sisɛfã/ | — | kili /kili/ |
| Farasi | so /so/ | soo /soː/ | ꖇ /sɔ/ | so /so/ | so /so/ | — | so /so/ |
| Nyumba | pɛlɛ /pɛlɛ/ | pɛ́rɛ /pɛ́rɛ/ | ꖴꖕ /kuu/ | so /so/ | so /so/ | so /so/ | bon /bon/ |
| Maziwa | nyiniya /ɲinija/ | ŋíni-ya /ŋíni ja/ | ꖬꖬ /susu/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ | nɔnɔ /nɔnɔ/ |
| Asali | kɔmi /kɔmi/ | kwɛ̃ŋ-wulɔ /kwɛ̃ŋ wulɔ/ | ꖴꖷ /kumu/ | di /di/ | li /li/ | — | li /li/ |
| Chumvi | kpolo /kpolo/ | kpolo /kpolo/ | ꖏ /kɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔgɔ /kɔɡɔ/ | kɔɔ /kɔː/ |
| Mvinyo | ndɔ /ndɔ/ | — | ꔠꔪ ꗬ /ɡɛpi kpɛ/ | diwɛn /diwɛn/ | divɛn /divɛ̃/ | ɛrɛsɛnji /ɛrɛsɛndʒi/ | — |
| Chuma | kɔlu /kɔlu/ | kɔli /kɔli/ | ꖴꖫ /kundu/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | nɛgɛ /nɛɡɛ/ | neke /neke/ | nɛɛ /nɛː/ |
| Hariri | siki /siki/ | — | — | hadiri /hadiri/ | — | — | — |
| Kitabu | kɔlɔ /kɔlɔ/ | kɔlɔ /kɔlɔ/ | ꕺꖃ /kpɔlɔ/ | gafe /ɡafe/ | gafe /ɡafe/ | — | gbafe /ɡbafe/ |
| Kula | mɛ /mɛ/ | mii /miː/ | ꗏꘋ /lɔŋ/ | dun /dũ/ | dun /dun/ | don /don/ | domun /domũ/ |
| Kunywa | kpɔle /kpɔle/ | kpele /kpele/ | ꕆ /mi/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ | min /min/ |
| Moja | yila /jila/ | tɔnɔ /tɔnɔ/ | ꗏꗒ /lɔnɗɔ/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ | kelen /kelen/ |
| Mbili | fele /félé/ | feerɛ /feːrɛ/ | ꗱꘌꕟ /fèːrà/ | fila /fìla/ | fila /fìla/ | fila /fila/ | fila /fila/ |
| Tatu | sawa /sawa/ | saaƃa /saːɓa/ | ꕢꕔ /sakpa/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ | saba /saba/ |
| Nne | naani /naːni/ | náaŋ /náːŋ/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ | naani /naːni/ |
| Tano | lɔɔlu /lɔːlu/ | lɔ́ɔlu /lɔ́ːlu/ | sóólu /soːlu/ | duuru /duːru/ | duuru /dúːru/ | loolu /lóːlu/ | loolu /loːlu/ |
| Mia | hɔndɔ /hɔndɔ/ | ŋuŋ /ŋuŋ/ | ꖽꗒ /hɔnɗɔ/ | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ | kɛmɛ /kɛ̀mɛ́/ | — | kɛmɛ /kɛmɛ/ |
| Habari | bua /bua/ | halee /haleː/ | ꘋꕯ ꖬꕎ ꘃꗡ ꗪ ꔤ ꕮ /ŋna suwa kɛɛ ɓɛ i ma/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | i ni sɔgɔma /i ni sɔɡɔma/ | i ni soɣoma /i ni soɣoma/ | i ni se /i ni se/ |
| Asante | bisɛ /bisɛ/ | balika /balika/ | ꔤ ꕒꔤꕪ /i ɓaika/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃɛ/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ | i ni baara /i ni baːɾa/ | i ni ce /i ni tʃe/ |
| Nzuri | nyande /ɲande/ | lɛ́lɛɛ /lɛ́lɛː/ | ꕈ /ɲi/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ | ɲuman /ɲuman/ | ñuman /ɲuman/ | ka ɲi /ka ɲi/ |
| Mpya | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | ꕯꕮ /nama/ | kura /kura/ | kura /kura/ | — | kuda /kuda/ |
| Nyekundu | kpɔlu /kpɔlu/ | kpɔlu /kpɔlu/ | kpou /kpou/ | bilen /bilen/ | bilen /bilen/ | bilen /bileɲ/ | wulen /wulen/ |
| Nyeupe | kole /kole/ | kole /kole/ | ꗬ /kpɛ/ | jɛ /dʒɛ/ | gwɛ /ɡwɛ/ | — | gbɛ /ɡbɛ/ |
| Nyeusi | tɛli /tɛli/ | tɛi /tɛi/ | ꔱꘋ /fiŋ/ | fin /fin/ | fin /fin/ | — | fin /fin/ |
| Buluu | bulu /bulu/ | buluŋ /buluŋ/ | dsiron /dʒiron/ | bulaman /bulaman/ | bulaman /bulaman/ | — | — |
| Kompyuta | kɔmpitei | — | — | ɔridinatɛri /ɔridinatɛri/ | ɔridinatɛri /ɔridinatɛri/ | — | — |
Ukurasa 1/8
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