Lakty'añ
Kichol
Kimaya
Chol (Ch'ol, kwa jina la asili Lakty'añ) ni lugha ya Kimaya ya tawi la Kicholan ya Chiapas, Mexico. Watu wa Chol wanaishi katika mabonde ya nyanda za juu kaskazini mwa Palenque, karibu na eneo maarufu la kiakiolojia la Wamaya wa Kipindi cha Klasiki. Kiisimu, Chol ni lugha ya Kimaya ya tawi la Kicholan, inayohusiana kwa ukaribu zaidi na lugha ya kifasihi ya Kimaya ya Kiklasiki iliyotoweka, iliyoandikwa kwa michoro huko Palenque, Yaxchilán na Tikal wakati wa Kipindi cha Klasiki (250-900 BK). Hivyo wazungumzaji wa Chol wa kisasa wana uhusiano maalum na desturi ya hieroglifi za Wamaya wa Kiklasiki. Jamii ya Chol imeihifadhi lugha hii licha ya utawala wa Kihispania, ikiwa na elimu ya lugha mbili kupitia INALI tangu miaka ya 1990.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kichol
chocolate
Vyanzo
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Kimaya
| Maana | Kichol | Kitzeltal | Kichontal cha Tabasco | Kimaya cha Kale | Kitojolabal | Kitzotzil | Kiitza |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | haʼ /haʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | voʼ /voʔ/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| Moto | kʼajk /kʼahk/ | kʼajkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼahkʼ /kʼahkʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | kʼokʼ /kʼokʼ/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ |
| Jua | kʼiñ /kʼiɲ/ | kʼajkʼal /kʼahkʼal/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | kʼakʼu /kʼakʼu/ | kʼakʼal /kʼakʼal/ | kʼin /kʼin/ |
| Mwezi | uw /uw/ | u /u/ | ä /æ/ | uh /uh/ | ixaw /iʃaw/ | u /ʔu/ | uj /uh/ |
| Nyota | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | ekʼ /ʔekʼ/ | ekʼ /eːkʼ/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | kʼanal /kʼanal/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ |
| Usiku | akʼälel /akʼɨlel/ | ajkʼabal /ahkʼaɓal/ | akʼäb /akʼɨb/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ | aʼkwal /aʔkʷal/ | akʼubal /akʼubal/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ |
| Mvua | jaʼal /haʔal/ | jaʼal /haʔal/ | — | haʼal /haʔal/ | — | voʼ /voʔ/ | — |
| Upepo | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | — | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ʔikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ |
| Udongo | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | lum /lum/ | kab /kab/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | lum /lum/ | luʼum /luʔum/ |
| Jiwe | xajlel /ʃahlel/ | ton /ton/ | jiʼtun /hiʔtun/ | tuun /tuːn/ | ton /ton/ | ton /ton/ | tunich /tunitʃ/ |
| Mlima | wits /wits/ | wits /wits/ | tzʼik /tsʼik/ | witz /wits/ | wits /wits/ | vits /vits/ | — |
| Bahari | ñajb /ɲahɓ/ | mar /mar/ | nab /nab/ | kʼahkʼ nab /kʼahkʼ nab/ | niwan paman jaʼ /niwan paman haʔ/ | nab /naɓ/ | — |
| Mama | ñaʼ /ɲaʔ/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | nan /nan/ | meʼ /meʔ/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| Baba | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | tat /tat/ | yuum /juːm/ | tat /tat/ | tot /tot/ | tat /tat/ |
| Binti | ixikʼal /iʃikʼal/ | antsil nichʼan /antsil nitʃʼan/ | jixik chʼok /hiʃik tʃʼok/ | — | ʼixukil /ʔiʃukil/ | tzeb /tseɓ/ | — |
| Mimi | joñoñ /hoɲoɲ/ | joʼon /hoʔon/ | noʼon /noʔon/ | hiin /hiːn/ | keʼn /keʔn/ | voʼon /voʔon/ | ten /ten/ |
| Wewe | jatyet /hatʲet/ | jaʼat /haʔat/ | neʼet /neʔet/ | hat /hat/ | weʼn /weʔn/ | voʼot /voʔot/ | tech /tetʃ/ |
| Sisi | joñonla / joñon lojon /hoɲonla / hoɲon lohon/ | joʼotik / joʼotikon /hoʔotik / hoʔotikon/ | noʼonla /noʔonla/ | — /—/ | keʼntik / keʼntikon /keʔntik / keʔntikon/ | voʼotik / voʼonkutik /voʔotik / voʔonkutik/ | toʼon /toʔon/ |
| Jina | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaˈɓaʔ/ | bʼiʼil /ɓiʔil/ | biil /ɓiːl/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ |
| Mtu | kixtyañu /kiʃtʲaɲu/ | ants winik /ants winik/ | winik /winik/ | winik /winik/ | winkil /winkil/ | krixchano /kriʃtʃano/ | — |
| Kichwa | jol /hol/ | jol /hol/ | pam /pam/ | jol /hol/ | ʼolom /ʔolom/ | jolol /holol/ | — |
| Jicho | wut /wut/ | sit /sit/ | wich /witʃ/ | ut /ut/ | satej /sateh/ | sat /sat/ | ich /itʃ/ |
| Sikio | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikin /tʃikin/ | chikinil /tʃikinil/ | xikin /ʃikin/ |
| Pua | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | niʼ /niʔ/ |
| Mdomo | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | tiʼ /tiʔ/ | e /e/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ |
| Jino | ej /eh/ | ehal /ehal/ | ej /eh/ | eh /eh/ | ex /eʃ/ | tanal eal /tanal ʔeal/ | koh /koh/ |
| Ulimi | äkʼ /ɨkʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | okʼ /ʔokʼ/ | akʼ /akʼ/ |
| Mkono | kʼäb /kʼɨɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼäb /kʼɨb/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ | kʼob /kʼoɓ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ |
| Mguu | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ok /ok/ | ook /oːk/ | ok /ok/ | okol /ʔokol/ | — |
| Moyo | pusʼikʼal /pusʼikʼal/ | oʼtan /oʔtan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | pixan /piʃan/ | altzil /altsil/ | oʼon /ʔoʔon/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ |
| Mfupa | bäk /ɓɨk/ | bak /ɓak/ | bak /ɓak/ | baak /ɓaːk/ | bakel /ɓakel/ | bak /ɓak/ | bʼak /ɓak/ |
| Damu | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | chikʼel /tʃikʼel/ | chʼichʼ /tʃʼitʃʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ |
| Kinyesi | taʼ /taʔ/ | tsaʼ /tsaʔ/ | taʼ /taʔ/ | — | kʼoy /kʼoj/ | tzoʼ /tsoʔ/ | — |
| Upendo | kʼuxbiñ /kʼuʃbiɲ/ | kʼanbey /kʼanbej/ | kʼuxbe /kʼuʃbe/ | yaah /jaːh/ | skʼana /skʼana/ | kʼanel /kʼanel/ | yakunti /jakunti/ |
| Mti | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | teʼ /teʔ/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| Mbwa | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | wichuʼ /witʃuʔ/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ | tsʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | tzʼiʼ /tsʼiʔ/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ |
| Paka | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | ajmis /ahmis/ | miis /miːs/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ | mis /mis/ |
| Samaki | chäy /tʃɨj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | buchʼ /butʃʼ/ | kay /kaj/ | chay /tʃaj/ | choy /tʃoj/ | käy /kɨj/ |
| Ndege | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | mut /mut/ | yal chan /jal tʃan/ | mut /mut/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ |
| Kipepeo | pejpem /pehpem/ | pejpen /pehpen/ | ajpempem /ahpempem/ | — | pejpen /pehpen/ | pepen /pepen/ | — |
| Yai | tumut /tumut/ | tomut /tomut/ | säktokʼ /sɨktokʼ/ | — | nolobʼ /noloɓ/ | tanal /tanal/ | jeʼ /heʔ/ |
| Dubu | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /ˈoso/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | — |
| Farasi | kawayuʼ /kawajuʔ/ | kawu /kawu/ | tzimim /tsimim/ | — | kawu /kawu/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | — |
| Nyumba | otyot /otjot/ | na /na/ | otot /otot/ | otoch /otoːtʃ/ | naj /nah/ | na /na/ | nah /nah/ |
| Maziwa | chuʼ /tʃuʔ/ | lech /letʃ/ | leche /letʃe/ | — | lech /letʃ/ | lech /letʃ/ | — |
| Asali | chab /tʃaɓ/ | chab /tʃab/ | chab /tʃaɓ/ | — | chab /tʃaɓ/ | ajapom /ahapom/ | — |
| Chumvi | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | — | atsʼam /atsʼam/ | atzʼam /atsʼam/ | tab /tab/ |
| Mvinyo | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /bino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | yaalel tzʼusub /jaːlel tsʼusub/ | vino /vino/ | — |
| Mchele | arus /aɾus/ | — | arroz /aros/ | — | ʼaros /ʔaros/ | aros /aros/ | — |
| Chokoleti | chocolate | chocolate | — | — | tsʼanubʼal kakaw /tsʼanuɓal kakaw/ | chokolate /tʃokolate/ | — |
| Hariri | seda /seda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | seda /seda/ | xela /ʃela/ | — |
| Kitabu | juñ /huɲ/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | huun /huːn/ | juʼun /huʔun/ | vun /vun/ | Juʼumilxok /huʔumilʃok/ |
| Kula | kʼux /kʼuʃ/ | weʼel /weʔel/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | weʼ /weʔ/ | waʼel /waʔel/ | veʼel /veʔel/ | jant /hant/ |
| Kunywa | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | uchʼel /utʃʼel/ | ukʼe /ukʼe/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | uchʼ /utʃʼ/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ |
| Kulala | wäyel /wɨjel/ | way /waj/ | wäye /wɨje/ | way /waj/ | wayel /wajel/ | vay /vaj/ | wenel /wenel/ |
| Moja | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | un /un/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ | jun /hun/ |
| Mbili | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | cheb /tʃeb/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chaʼ /tʃaʔ/ | chabʼ /tʃaɓ/ | chib /tʃiɓ/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ |
| Tatu | uxpʼejl /uʃpʼehl/ | oxeb /oʃeb/ | ux /uʃ/ | ox /oʃ/ | oxe /oʃe/ | oxib /ʔoʃiɓ/ | ox /oʃ/ |
| Nne | chämpʼejl /tʃɨmpʼehl/ | chaneb /tʃaneb/ | chan /tʃan/ | kan /kan/ | chane /tʃane/ | chanib /tʃaniɓ/ | kan /kan/ |
| Tano | joʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼeb /hoʔeɓ/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ | hoʼ /hoʔ/ | joʼe /hoʔe/ | voʼob /voʔoɓ/ | — |
| Mia | joʼkʼal /hoʔkʼal/ | joʼ winik /hoʔ winik/ | cien /sjen/ | — | joʼ winkeʼ /hoʔ winkeʔ/ | joʼvinik /hoʔvinik/ | — |
| Habari | kabʼ /kaɓ/ | banti winik /banti winik/ | bin a bel /bin a bel/ | bix a beel /biʃ a beːl/ | lekilukʼ /lekilukʼ/ | kʼusi avokoluk /kʼusi avokoluk/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ |
| Asante | wokolix awälä /wokoliʃ awɨlɨ/ | wokol awal /wokol awal/ | dios boʼtik /dios boʔtik/ | nibʼoolal /nibʼoːlal/ | yuj /juh/ | kolaval /kolaval/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ |
| Nzuri | utsʼat /utsʼat/ | lek /lek/ | tsʼak /tsʼak/ | utz /uts/ | lek /lek/ | lek /lek/ | malobʼ /malob/ |
| Mpya | tsijib /tsihiɓ/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | tzijib /tsihib/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | yajkʼachil /jahkʼatʃil/ | achʼ /atʃʼ/ | — |
| Nyekundu | chächäk /tʃɨtʃɨk/ | tsajal /tsahal/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ | chak /tʃak/ | chak /tʃak/ | tzajal /tsahal/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ |
| Nyeupe | säsäk /sɨsɨk/ | sak /sak/ | säk /sæk/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | sak /sak/ | säk /sək/ |
| Nyeusi | iʼikʼ /iʔikʼ/ | ijkʼal /ihkʼal/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | ikʼal /ikʼal/ | — |
| Kijani | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yaxal /jaʃal/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ |
| Buluu | yäjyäx /jɨhjɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yäx /jɨʃ/ | yax /jaʃ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | yox /joʃ/ | — |
| Kompyuta | computadora /komputadoɾa/ | komputadora /komputadora/ | — | — | computadora /komputadora/ | komputadora /komputadora/ | — |
| Chai | té /te/ | té /te/ | — | — | té /te/ | te /te/ | — |
| Kahawa | kajpe /kahpe/ | kajpel /kahpel/ | — | — | kajpe /kahpe/ | kajve /kahve/ | — |
| Sukari | asukal /asukal/ | sakil asukal /sakil asukal/ | — | — | sakal askal /sakal ʔaskal/ | asuka /ʔasuka/ | chʼuuk /tʃʼuːk/ |
| Chungwa | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | alaxax /alaʃaʃ/ | aranxax /aranʃaʃ/ | — | naranja /naranha/ | alaxa /alaʃa/ | — |
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