Volapük
Kivolapük
Lugha bandia (msaidizi, ya kimpangilio)
Volapük ni lugha saidizi ya kimataifa iliyobuniwa, iliyoundwa mwaka 1879-1880 na padri Mkatoliki wa Kijerumani Johann Martin Schleyer. Ilikuwa lugha ya kwanza iliyobuniwa kupata wafuasi wengi wa kimataifa — kulikuwa na zaidi ya jumuiya 200 za Volapük na majarida yapata 25 wakati wa kilele chake mwaka 1889 — lakini migogoro ya haraka ya ndani kuhusu marekebisho, pamoja na kuzinduliwa kwa Esperanto (1887) ambayo ilionekana rahisi zaidi na jumuishi zaidi kisiasa, vilisababisha kuporomoka kwake karibu kabisa kufikia miaka ya 1890. Volapük ina mofolojia ya kuambatanisha yenye mpangilio wa kimfumo sana, hali nne za kisarufi (cases), na msamiati wenye umlaut nyingi unaotokana na mizizi ya Kiingereza iliyopotoshwa na kanuni za usanifu za Schleyer. Marekebisho ya Volapük Vifik ('Volapük ya haraka') ya Arie de Jong mwaka 1931 yalizalisha kiwango cha kisasa, chenye wazungumzaji wapatao 20-30 wanaoitumia leo.
Maeneo inakozungumzwa
Maneno 87 ya msingi katika Kivolapük
Vyanzo
- Schleyer (1880) Volapük: Die Weltsprache
- Sprague (1888) Hand-Book of Volapük
- Glottolog: vola1234
Ulinganishaji wa maneno
Imelinganishwa na lugha zenye uainishaji ule ule: Lugha bandia (msaidizi, ya kimpangilio)
| Maana | Kivolapük | Kipijin | Kikriol cha Belize | Kreoli ya Mlango-Torres | Kibislama | Kikrio | Tok Pisin |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Maji | vat /vat/ | wata /wata/ | waata /waːta/ | woda /woda/ | wota /wota/ | wata /ˈwata/ | wara /waɾa/ |
| Moto | fil /fil/ | faea /faja/ | faiya /faija/ | paya /paja/ | faea /faea/ | faya /ˈfaja/ | paia /paja/ |
| Jua | sol /sol/ | san /san/ | son /son/ | san /san/ | san /san/ | san /san/ | san /san/ |
| Mwezi | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | moon /muːn/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ | mun /mun/ |
| Nyota | stel /stel/ | sta /sta/ | staar /staːr/ | sta /sta/ | sta /sta/ | sta /sta/ | sta /sta/ |
| Usiku | neit /neˈit/ | naet /naet/ | nait /nait/ | nait /nait/ | naet /naet/ | nɛt /nɛt/ | nait /nait/ |
| Mvua | rein /reˈin/ | ren /ren/ | rayn /reːn/ | ren /ren/ | ren /rɛn/ | ren /rɛn/ | ren /ren/ |
| Theluji | nif /nif/ | snou /snou/ | snoa /snoː/ | — | sno /sno/ | sno /sno/ | ais /ais/ |
| Upepo | vien /viˈen/ | win /win/ | breez /briːz/ | win /win/ | win /win/ | briz /briz/ | win /win/ |
| Udongo | tal /tal/ | graon /ɡraon/ | grong /ɡroŋ/ | graun /ɡraun/ | graon /ɡraon/ | gron /ɡrɔn/ | graun /ɡraun/ |
| Jiwe | ston /ston/ | ston /ston/ | stoan /stoːn/ | ston /ston/ | ston /ston/ | ston /stɔn/ | ston /ston/ |
| Mlima | bel /bel/ | maonden /maonden/ | mongtin /moŋtin/ | maunten /maunten/ | maunten /maunten/ | mawnten /ˈmawnten/ | maunten /maunten/ |
| Bahari | mel /mel/ | solwata /solwata/ | see /siː/ | solwata /solwata/ | solwora /solwora/ | si /si/ | solwara /solwaɾa/ |
| Mama | mot /mot/ | mami /mami/ | mada /mada/ | ama /ama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /ˈmama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Baba | fat /fat/ | dadi /dadi/ | faada /faːda/ | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | papa /ˈpapa/ | papa /papa/ |
| Binti | daut /daˈut/ | dota /dota/ | daata /daːta/ | gel /ɡel/ | gel /ɡel/ | gyal pikin /ɡjal pikin/ | pikinini meri /pikinini meri/ |
| Mimi | ob /ob/ | mi /mi/ | ai /ai/ | ai /ai/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ | mi /mi/ |
| Wewe | ol /ol/ | iu /iu/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ | yu /ju/ |
| Sisi | obs /obs/ | iumi / mifala /jumi / mifala/ | wi /wi/ | yumpla / mipla /jumpla / mipla/ | yumi / mifala /jumi / mifala/ | wi /wi/ | yumi / mipela /jumi / mipela/ |
| Jina | nem /nem/ | nem /nem/ | naym /neːm/ | nem /nem/ | nem /nem/ | nem /nɛm/ | nem /nem/ |
| Mtu | men /men/ | man /man/ | persn /persn̩/ | — | man /man/ | pɔsin /pɔsin/ | man /man/ |
| Kichwa | kap /kap/ | hed /hed/ | hed /hed/ | ed /ed/ | hed /hed/ | ed /ed/ | het /het/ |
| Jicho | log /loɡ/ | ae /ae/ | aiy /aij/ | ai /aj/ | ae /ae/ | ay /aj/ | ai /aj/ |
| Sikio | lil /lil/ | ia /ia/ | ayz /eːz/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | ia /ia/ | yes /jes/ | yau /jau/ |
| Pua | nud /nud/ | nos /nos/ | noaz /noːz/ | nus /nus/ | nus /nus/ | nos /nɔs/ | nus /nus/ |
| Mdomo | mud /mud/ | maot /maot/ | mowt /mout/ | maut /maut/ | maot /maot/ | mɔt /mɔt/ | maus /maus/ |
| Jino | ted /ted/ | titi /titi/ | teet /tiːt/ | tit /tit/ | tut /tut/ | tit /tit/ | tit /tit/ |
| Ulimi | tug /tuɡ/ | tang /taŋ/ | tong /toŋ/ | tang /taŋ/ | tang /taŋ/ | tɔŋ /tɔŋ/ | tang /taŋ/ |
| Mkono | nam /nam/ | han /han/ | han /han/ | an /an/ | han /han/ | an /an/ | han /han/ |
| Mguu | fut /fut/ | leg /leɡ/ | fut /fut/ | put /put/ | leg /leɡ/ | fut /fut/ | lek /lek/ |
| Moyo | lad /lad/ | hat /hat/ | haat /haːt/ | at /at/ | bel /bel/ | at /at/ | bel /bel/ |
| Mfupa | bom /bom/ | bon /bon/ | boan /boːn/ | bon /bon/ | bun /bun/ | bon /bɔn/ | bun /bun/ |
| Damu | blud /blud/ | blad /blad/ | blod /blod/ | blad /blad/ | blad /blad/ | blɔd /blɔd/ | blut /blut/ |
| Kinyesi | jiedot /ʃieˈdot/ | kaka /kaka/ | — | kaka /kaka/ | kaka /kaka/ | kaka /kaˈka/ | pekpek /pɛkpɛk/ |
| Upendo | löf /løf/ | lavem /lavem/ | lov /lov/ | lavem /lavem/ | laekem /laekem/ | lɛk /lɛk/ | laikim /lajkim/ |
| Mti | bim /bim/ | tri /tri/ | chree /tʃriː/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tik /tik/ | diwai /diwaj/ |
| Mbwa | dog /doɡ/ | dogi /doɡi/ | daag /daːɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | dog /doɡ/ | dɔg /dɔɡ/ | dok /dok/ |
| Paka | kat /kat/ | puskat /puskat/ | kyat /kjat/ | pusiket /pusiket/ | pusi /pusi/ | pus /pus/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Samaki | fit /fit/ | fis /fis/ | fish /fiʃ/ | pis /pis/ | fis /fis/ | fis /fis/ | pis /pis/ |
| Ndege | böd /bød/ | bed /bed/ | berd /berd/ | pizin /pizin/ | pijin /pidʒin/ | bɔd /bɔd/ | pisin /ˈpisin/ |
| Kipepeo | pab /pab/ | bataflae /bataflae/ | botaflai /botaflai/ | bataplai /bataplai/ | bataflae /bataflae/ | bɔtaflay /bɔtaflaj/ | bataplai /bataplaj/ |
| Yai | nög /nøɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | eg /eɡ/ | eg /ɛɡ/ | eg /ɛɡ/ | kiau /kiau/ |
| Dubu | ber /ber/ | bea /bea/ | byaa /bjaː/ | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | bia /ˈbia/ | bea /bea/ |
| Farasi | jevod /ʃeˈvod/ | hos /hos/ | haas /haːs/ | os /os/ | hos /hos/ | ɔs /ɔs/ | hos /hos/ |
| Nyumba | dom /dom/ | haos /haos/ | hows /hous/ | haus /haus/ | haos /haos/ | os /os/ | haus /haus/ |
| Maziwa | milig /miˈliɡ/ | susu /susu/ | milk /milk/ | susu /susu/ | melek /melek/ | milk /milk/ | susu /susu/ |
| Asali | miel /miˈel/ | hani /hani/ | honi /honi/ | ani /ani/ | hani /hani/ | ɔni /ˈɔni/ | hani /hani/ |
| Chumvi | sal /sal/ | sol /sol/ | saalt /saːlt/ | solt /solt/ | sol /sol/ | sɔl /sɔl/ | sol /sol/ |
| Mvinyo | vin /vin/ | waen /waen/ | wain /wain/ | wain /wain/ | waen /waen/ | wayn /wain/ | wain /wain/ |
| Mchele | risat /riˈsat/ | raes /raes/ | rais /rais/ | rais /rais/ | raes /raes/ | rɛs /rɛs/ | rais /rais/ |
| Chokoleti | jokolad /ʃokoˈlad/ | chocolate | chaaklit /tʃaːklit/ | — | joklet /dʒoklet/ | chɔklet | soklet /soklet/ |
| Chuma | lel /lel/ | aean /aean/ | aiyan /aijan/ | aian /aian/ | aean /aean/ | ayɛn /ˈajɛn/ | ain /ain/ |
| Gurudumu | luib /luˈib/ | wil /wil/ | weel /wiːl/ | wil /wil/ | wil /wil/ | wil /wil/ | wil /wil/ |
| Hariri | sadin /saˈdin/ | silk /silk/ | silk /silk/ | silk /silk/ | silik /silik/ | silk /silk/ | slika /slika/ |
| Kitabu | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ | buk /buk/ |
| Kula | fidön /fiˈdøn/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ | eet /iːt/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ | kakae /kakae/ | it /it/ | kaikai /kajkaj/ |
| Kunywa | drinön /driˈnøn/ | drinkim /driŋkim/ | jrink /dʒriŋk/ | dringk /driŋk/ | dring /driŋ/ | drink /driŋk/ | dring /dɾiŋ/ |
| Kulala | slipön /sliˈpøn/ | slip /slip/ | sleep /sliːp/ | slip /slip/ | slip /slip/ | slip /slip/ | slip /slip/ |
| Moja | bal /bal/ | wanfala /wanfala/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wan /wan/ | wanpela /wanpɛla/ |
| Mbili | tel /tel/ | tufala /tufala/ | too /tuː/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ | tu /tu/ |
| Tatu | kil /kil/ | trifala /trifala/ | chree /tʃriː/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tri /tri/ | tripela /tripɛla/ |
| Nne | fol /fol/ | fofala /fofala/ | foa /foː/ | fo /fo/ | fo /fo/ | fo /fo/ | fopela /fopɛla/ |
| Tano | lul /lul/ | faefala /faefala/ | faiv /faiv/ | faiv /faiv/ | faev /faev/ | fayv /faiv/ | faiv /faiv/ |
| Mia | tum /tum/ | handred /handred/ | honjrid /hondʒrid/ | andred /andred/ | handred /handred/ | ɔndrɛd /ˈɔndrɛd/ | handet /handet/ |
| Habari | glidis /ɡliˈdis/ | halo /halo/ | heloa /heloː/ | wis wei /wis wej/ | halo /halo/ | kushɛ /kuˈʃɛ/ | halo /halo/ |
| Asante | danö /daˈnø/ | tagio /taɡio/ | tanks /taŋks/ | eso /eso/ | tangkyu /taŋkju/ | tɛnki /ˈtɛŋki/ | tenkyu /tɛŋkju/ |
| Nzuri | gudik /ɡuˈdik/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gud /ɡud/ | gutpela /ɡutpɛla/ |
| Mpya | nulik /nuˈlik/ | niu /niu/ | nyoo /njuː/ | niu /niu/ | niufala /niufala/ | nyu /nju/ | nupela /nupɛla/ |
| Nyekundu | redik /reˈdik/ | red /red/ | red /red/ | red /red/ | red /red/ | rɛd /rɛd/ | retpela /retpela/ |
| Nyeupe | vietik /vieˈtik/ | waet /waet/ | wait /wait/ | wait /wait/ | waet /waet/ | wayt /wajt/ | waitpela /waitpela/ |
| Nyeusi | blägik /blɛˈɡik/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blak /blak/ | blakpela /blakpela/ |
| Kijani | grünik /ɡryˈnik/ | grin /ɡrin/ | green /ɡriːn/ | grin /ɡrin/ | grin /ɡrin/ | grin /ɡrin/ | grinpela /ɡrinpela/ |
| Buluu | blövik /bløˈvik/ | blu /blu/ | bloo /bluː/ | blu /blu/ | blu /blu/ | blu /blu/ | blupela /blupela/ |
| Kompyuta | nünöm /nyˈnøm/ | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kompyoota /kompjuːta/ | — | kompiuta /kompiuta/ | kɔmpyuta /kɔmpjuta/ | komputa /komˈputa/ |
| Chai | tied /tiˈed/ | ti /ti/ | tee /tiː/ | — | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ | ti /ti/ |
| Kahawa | kaf /kaf/ | kofi /kofi/ | kaafi /kaːfi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kɔfi /ˈkɔfi/ | kopi /kopi/ |
| Sukari | jueg /ʃuˈeɡ/ | suga /suɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | suga /suɡa/ | shuga /ˈʃuɡa/ | suga /suɡa/ |
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