Sandawe
桑達韋語
科依桑語系（推測為孤立語言，或與哈扎語歸為一類）
桑達韋語係坦桑尼亞中部嘅嗒嘴音語言，有人認為佢同科伊科伊語系有關或者同哈扎語同源，但一般被當做孤立語言。佢有4種音位嗒嘴音同5聲聲調體系，係非洲音韻學上最複雜嘅語言之一。
使用地區
桑達韋語嘅87個核心詞
來源
- G. Starostin, Annotated Swadesh wordlist for Sandawe, starlingdb.org/new100/snd.pdf (drawing on Eaton & Hunziker 2007, Kagaya 1993 A Classified Vocabulary of the Sandawe Language, Dempwolff 1916); Johansson et al. sound-symbolism dataset (lexibank johanssonsoundsymbolic), Sandawe
單詞比較
相關語言比較：科依桑語系（推測為孤立語言，或與哈扎語歸為一類）
| 意思 | 桑達韋語 | 威奇托語 | 瓦尤語 | 伊察瑪雅語 | 明格列爾語 | 奧羅莫語 | 尤卡坦瑪雅語 |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 水 | tsʼa /tsʼa/ | kicʔa /kitsʔa/ | wuin /wuin/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ | წყარი /tsʼqʼari/ | bishaan /biʃaːn/ | jaʼ /haʔ/ |
| 火 | ǁʼiŋ /ǁʼiŋ/ | heːcʔa /heːtsʔa/ | siki /siki/ | kʼakʼ /kʼakʼ/ | დაჩხირი /datʃxiri/ | ibidda /ibidːa/ | kʼáakʼ /kʼaːkʼ/ |
| 日頭 | ǁʼakasu /ǁʼakasu/ | saːkhirʔa /saːkʰiɾʔa/ | kaʼi /kaʔi/ | kʼin /kʼin/ | ბჟა /bʒa/ | aduu /aduː/ | kʼiin /kʼiːn/ |
| 月光 | ǃaapuso /ǃaːpuso/ | waːh /waːh/ | kashi /kaʃi/ | uj /uh/ | თუთა /tʰutʰa/ | jiʼa /dʒiʔa/ | uj /uh/ |
| 星 | hĩǀáwã /hĩ́ǀáwã̀ː/ | hiːkwirikʔa /hiːkʷiɾikʔa/ | jolotsü /holotsɨ/ | ekʼ /ekʼ/ | მურიცხი /muritsxi/ | urjii /urdʒiː/ | eekʼ /eːkʼ/ |
| 夜晚 | twee /tʷeː/ | ckhaːrʔa /tskʰaːɾʔa/ | aiʼpaʼa /aiʔpaʔa/ | akʼabʼ /akʼaɓ/ | სერი /seri/ | halkan /halkan/ | áakʼabʼ /aːkʼaɓ/ |
| 雨 | tlʼwaŋ /tɬʼwaŋ/ | — | huya /huja/ | — | ჭვიმა /tʃʼvima/ | bokkaa /ˈbokːaː/ | cháak /tʃáːk/ |
| 風 | wekheŋ /wekʰeŋ/ | niweʔeːrʔa /niweʔeːɾʔa/ | houtai /houtai/ | ikʼ /ikʼ/ | ბორია /boria/ | bubbee /ˈbubːeː/ | iikʼ /iːkʼ/ |
| 泥 | ǀʼina /ǀʼina/ | — | mmoo-ľuʼu /mmoo-ľuʔu/ | luʼum /luʔum/ | დიხა /dixa/ | lafa /lafa/ | luʼum /luʔum/ |
| 石頭 | diin /diːn/ | — | ipa /ipa/ | tunich /tunitʃ/ | ქუა /kʰua/ | dhagaa /ɖaˈɡaː/ | tuunich /tuːˈnitʃ/ |
| 山 | gawa /ɡawa/ | — | uuchi /uːtʃi/ | — | გვალა /ɡvala/ | tulluu /tulːuː/ | wiits /wiːts/ |
| 母親 | yei /jei/ | eciyeːh /etsijeːh/ | ei /ei/ | naʼ /naʔ/ | დიდა /dida/ | haadha /haːɗa/ | naʼ /naʔ/ |
| 父親 | ai /ai/ | taːtah /taːtah/ | ashi /aʃi/ | tat /tat/ | მუმა /muma/ | abbaa /abːaː/ | taata /taːta/ |
| 女 | thames /tʰames/ | — | achon /atʃon/ | — | ცირა /tsira/ | intala /intala/ | x aal /ʃaːl/ |
| 我 | tsi /tsi/ | nacʔih /natsʔih/ | taya /taja/ | ten /ten/ | მა /ma/ | ani /ani/ | teen /teːn/ |
| 你 | hapu /hapu/ | nasʔih /nasʔih/ | pia /pia/ | tech /tetʃ/ | სი /si/ | ati /ati/ | teech /teːtʃ/ |
| 我哋 | sũ /sṹ/ | — /—/ | waya /waja/ | toʼon /toʔon/ | ჩქი /tʃkʰi/ | nuti /nuti/ | toʼon /toʔon/ |
| 名 | ǁwâ /ǁʷâ/ | hissaːrʔa /hissaːɾʔa/ | anülia /anɨlia/ | kʼabaʼ /kʼaɓaʔ/ | ჯოხო /dʒoxo/ | maqaa /makʼaː/ | kʼaabaʼ /kʼaːɓaʔ/ |
| 人 | ǀnomese /ǀⁿomese/ | ihaas /ihaas/ | wayuu /wajuː/ | — | კოჩი /kʼotʃi/ | nama /nama/ | máak /maːk/ |
| 頭 | tsee /tseː/ | — | ekii /ekiː/ | — | დუდი /dudi/ | mataa /mataː/ | pool /poːl/ |
| 眼 | ǀʷěː /ǀʷěː/ | kirikʔa /kiɾikʔa/ | oʼu /oʔu/ | ich /itʃ/ | თოლი /tʰoli/ | ija /idʒa/ | ich /itʃ/ |
| 耳仔 | keke /keke/ | — | ta-čeʼe /ta-tʃeʔe/ | xikin /ʃikin/ | ჸუჯი /ʔudʒi/ | gurra /ɡurra/ | xikin /ʃikin/ |
| 鼻哥 | ǀnati /ǀⁿati/ | — | eʼichi /eʔitʃi/ | niʼ /niʔ/ | ჩხვინდი /tʃxvindi/ | funyaan /fuɲaːn/ | niʼ /niʔ/ |
| 口 | ǃnum /ǃⁿum/ | — | aaniikii /aːniːkiː/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ | პიჯი /pʼidʒi/ | afaan /afaːn/ | chiʼ /tʃiʔ/ |
| 牙 | ǃʼakhaŋ /ǃʼakʰaŋ/ | aːkʔa /aːkʔa/ | ai /ai/ | koh /koh/ | კიბირი /kʼibiri/ | ilkaan /ilkaːn/ | koh /koh/ |
| 脷 | ǃheŋ /ǃʰeŋ/ | hacʼa /hatsʔa/ | ayee /ajeː/ | akʼ /akʼ/ | ნინა /nina/ | arraba /arːaba/ | aakʼ /aːkʼ/ |
| 手 | tlʼuŋ /tɬʼuŋ/ | iskʔa /iskʔa/ | ajapü /axapɨ/ | kʼab /kʼab/ | ხე /xe/ | harka /haɾka/ | kʼabʼ /kʼaɓ/ |
| 腳 | ǁhata /ǁʰata/ | asʔa /asʔa/ | ooʼui /oːʔui/ | — | კუჩხი /kʼutʃxi/ | miilla /miːlːa/ | ook /oːk/ |
| 心 | jigida /ɟiɡida/ | sikicʔa /sikitsʔa/ | aaʼin /aːʔin/ | pukʼsikʼal /pukʼsikʼal/ | გური /ɡuri/ | onnee /onːeː/ | puksiʼikʼal /puksiʔikʼal/ |
| 骨頭 | ǃi /ǃi/ | kiːsʔa /kiːsʔa/ | ipü /ipɨ/ | bʼak /ɓak/ | ძვალი /dzvali/ | lafee /lafeː/ | bʼaak /ɓaːk/ |
| 血 | ǁʼekʼa /ǁʼekʼa/ | waːckicʔa /waːtskitsʔa/ | isha /iʃaː/ | kʼikʼ /kʼikʼ/ | ზისხირი /zisxiri/ | dhiiga /ɖiːɡa/ | kʼiʼikʼ /kʼiʔikʼ/ |
| 愛 | kalokisi /kalokisi/ | — /—/ | alasüin /alasɨin/ | yakunti /jakunti/ | ჸოროფა /ʔoropʰa/ | jaalala /dʒaːlala/ | yaakuntej /jaːkunteh/ |
| 樹 | thee /tʰeː/ | tiyaːhkw /tijaːhkʷ/ | wunuʼu /wunuʔu/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ | ჯა /dʒa/ | muka /muka/ | cheʼ /tʃeʔ/ |
| 狗 | ǀɔɔ /ǀɔː/ | kiciyeːh /kitsijeːh/ | erü /eɾɨː/ | pekʼ /pekʼ/ | ჯოღორი /dʒoɣori/ | saree /saɾeː/ | peekʼ /peːkʼ/ |
| 貓 | misho /miʃo/ | — /—/ | misho /miʃo/ | mis /mis/ | კატუ /kʼatʼu/ | adurree /adurːeː/ | miis /miːs/ |
| 魚 | somba /somba/ | kaːcʔa /kaːtsʔa/ | jime /hime/ | käy /kɨj/ | ჩხომი /tʃxomi/ | qurxummii /qurxummiː/ | kay /kaj/ |
| 鳥 | thwii /tʰwiː/ | ichir /itsʰiɾ/ | wuchii /wutʃiː/ | chʼiichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ | ჩიტი /tʃitʼi/ | simbirroo /simbirroː/ | chʼíichʼ /tʃʼiːtʃʼ/ |
| 蝴蝶 | karapupu /karapupu/ | — | julirü /huliɾɨ/ | — | ფარფალია /pʰarpʰalia/ | billaacha /bilːaːtʃa/ | péepen /peːpen/ |
| 雞蛋 | diʼa /diʔa/ | nikwiːkʔa /nikʷiːkʔa/ | ashuku /aʃuku/ | jeʼ /heʔ/ | მარქვალი /markʰvali/ | hanqaaquu /hanqaːquː/ | jeʼ /heʔ/ |
| 屋 | khoo /kʰoː/ | akhaːrʔa /akʰaːɾʔa/ | miichi /miːtʃi/ | nah /nah/ | ოხორი /oxori/ | mana /mana/ | naj /nah/ |
| 牛奶 | jikʼe /ɟikʼe/ | — | leechi /leːtʃi/ | — | ბჟა /bʒa/ | aannan /aːnːan/ | leche /letʃe/ |
| 鹽 | uuhlii /uːɬiː/ | — | ichii /itʃiː/ | tab /tab/ | ჯიმუ /dʒimu/ | soogidda /soːɡidːa/ | taʼab /taʔaɓ/ |
| 鐵 | keeya /keːja/ | — | kachueera /katʃueːra/ | — | რკინა /rkʼina/ | sibiila /sibiːla/ | máaskab /maːskab/ |
| 書 | kitabu /kitabu/ | — | karaloukta /karaloukta/ | Juʼumilxok /huʔumilʃok/ | წინგი /tsʼinɡi/ | kitaaba /kitaːba/ | juʼun /huʔun/ |
| 食 | mánčʰâ /mántʃʰâ/ | kaʔac /kaʔats/ | ekaa /ekaː/ | jant /hant/ | ჭკომუა /tʃʼkʼomua/ | nyaachuu /ɲaːtʃuː/ | jaant /haːnt/ |
| 飲 | tsʼee /tsʼeː/ | kikʔa /kikʔa/ | asaa /asaː/ | ukʼ /ukʼ/ | წუმა /tsʼuma/ | dhuguu /ɗuɡuː/ | ukʼul /ukʼul/ |
| 瞓覺 | ǁʼo /ǁʼo/ | — | atunkaa /atuŋkaː/ | wenel /wenel/ | — | rafuu /rafuː/ | wenel /wenel/ |
| 一 | tsʼexe /tsʼexe/ | chiʔass /tsʰiʔass/ | wanee /waneː/ | jun /hun/ | ართი /artʰi/ | tokko /tokːo/ | jun /hun/ |
| 二 | kisoxo /kisoxo/ | wic /wits/ | piama /piama/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ | ჟირი /ʒiri/ | lama /lama/ | kaʼ /kaʔ/ |
| 三 | swamkixi /sʷamkixi/ | taw /taw/ | apünüin /apɨnɨin/ | ox /oʃ/ | სუმი /sumi/ | sadii /sadiː/ | óox /ʔoːʃ/ |
| 四 | hakaxi /hakaxi/ | taːkwic /taːkʷits/ | pienchi /pieɲtʃi/ | kan /kan/ | ოთხი /otʰxi/ | afur /afur/ | kan /kan/ |
| 五 | kwaʼana /kʷaʔana/ | — | jaʼrai /haʔrai/ | — | ხუთი /xutʰi/ | shan /ʃan/ | joʼ /hoʔ/ |
| 百 | kom kom /kom kom/ | — | poloo shikii /poloː ʃikiː/ | — | ოში /oʃi/ | dhibba /ɗibba/ | joʼokʼáal /hoʔokʼaːl/ |
| 你好 | gabaeesa /ɡabaeːsa/ | — /—/ | jamaya /xamaja/ | bʼix a tʼan /biʃ a tʼan/ | გომორძგუა /ɡomordzɡua/ | akkam /akːam/ | baʼax ka waʼalik /baʔaʃ ka waʔalik/ |
| 多謝 | musʼokoyo /musʼokojo/ | — /—/ | talé /tale/ | dios bʼotik /dios botik/ | მარდი /mardi/ | galatoomi /ɡalatoːmi/ | dios boʼotik /dios boʔotik/ |
| 好 | ɬáû /ɬáû/ | acs /atss/ | anasü /anasɨ/ | malobʼ /malob/ | ჯგირი /dʒɡiri/ | gaarii /ɡaːriː/ | maʼalob /maʔalob/ |
| 新 | ǁae /ǁaé/ | — | jeketü /heketɨ/ | — | ახალი /axali/ | haaraa /haːraː/ | túumben /tuːmben/ |
| 紅 | butlʼi /butɬʼi/ | kwhaːc /kʷʰaːts/ | ishoʼusü /iʃoˈʔusɨ/ | chäk /tʃɨk/ | ჭითა /tʃʼitʰa/ | diimaa /diːmaː/ | chak /tʃak/ |
| 白 | phoo /pʰoː/ | — | kasuusü /kasuːsɨ/ | säk /sək/ | ჩე /tʃe/ | adii /adiː/ | sak /sak/ |
| 黑 | kʼaŋkʼara /kʼaŋkʼara/ | — | mütsiiasü /mɨtsiːasɨ/ | — | უჩა /utʃa/ | gurraacha /ɡurːaːtʃaː/ | box /boʃ/ |
| 綠 | jaanga /ɟaːŋɡa/ | — | wüitüsü /wɨitɨsɨ/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ | წვანე /tsʼvane/ | magariisa /maɡariːsa/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ |
| 藍 | bulu /bulu/ | — | wüitüsü /wɨitɨsɨ/ | — | ლურჯი /lurdʒi/ | cuquliisa /tʃukʼuliːsa/ | yaʼax /jaʔaʃ/ |
| 糖 | sukar /sukar/ | — | suukala /suːkala/ | chʼuuk /tʃʼuːk/ | შანქარი /ʃankʰari/ | sukkaara /sukːaːra/ | asukaar /asukaːr/ |
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