Bidhaawyeet

Beja

Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic, North)

FamilyAfro-Asiatic (Cushitic, North) Speakers~3M ScriptArabic / Latin CountriesSudan, Eritrea, Egypt Official inNo (recognized regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3bej

Beja (Bidhaawyeet, 'language of the Beja') is the only North Cushitic language and the most divergent branch within Cushitic, sometimes treated as its own coordinate branch of Afro-Asiatic. It is spoken by Beja nomadic peoples of the Red Sea hills of eastern Sudan and northeastern Eritrea, descendants of the ancient Blemmyes and Medjay attested in pharaonic and Roman sources. Beja preserves a complex prefix-conjugation verb system inherited from Proto-Afro-Asiatic.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Beja

Water

yam

jam

Fire

neʼaat

neʔaːt

Sun

yint

jint

Moon

tirig

tiɾiɡ

Star

hayúk

hajuːk

Night

hawad

hawad

Rain

biri

biri

Wind

baraam

baraːm

Earth

buur

buːr

Stone

aweb

aweb

Mountain

riba

riba

Sea

bhar

bhar

Mother

indee

iːndeː

Father

baab

baːb

Daughter

oot

oːt

I

ané

ʔane

You

barúk

baruːk

We

hinin

hinin

Name

sim

sim

Head

girma

ɡirma

Eye

liili

liːli

Ear

angwííl

aŋɡʷiːl

Nose

ginúuf

ɡinuːf

Mouth

yaf

jaf

Tooth

kwire

kʷire

Tongue

miidaab

miːdaːb

Hand

ay

aj

Foot

ragad

raɡad

Heart

ginʼa

ɡinʔa

Bone

mitat

mitat

Blood

booy

boːj

Love

areeyaa

areːjaː

Tree

hindeb

hindeb

Dog

yas

jas

Cat

kabsoot

kabsoːt

Fish

ashoob

aʃoːb

Bird

kilay

kilaj

Horse

hatáay

hataːj

House

gaw

ɡaw

Milk

aat

aːt

Honey

awit

awit

Salt

miilak

miːlak

Wine

haab

haːb

Iron

diit

diːt

Silk

hariir

hariːr

Book

kitaab

kitaːb

Eat

tame

tame

Drink

gwaʼa

ɡʷaʕa

Sleep

diw

diw

One

gaal

ɡaːl

Two

maloob

maloːb

Three

mheyy

mheːj

Four

fadhig

faɖiɡ

Five

ay

aj

Hundred

shee

ʃeː

Hello

salaam

salaːm

Thank you

baraʼoo

baɾaʕoː

Good

dabaab

dabaːb

New

gayi

ɡaji

Red

adaroob

adaroːb

White

eeraab

eːraːb

Black

hadal

hadal

Green

sootaay

soːtaːj

Ninety-nine

ashshadhig tamuunwa ashshadhig

aʃːaɖiɡ tamuːnwa aʃːaɖiɡ

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Afro-Asiatic (Cushitic, North)

Meaning BejaSahoHijazi ArabicSudanese ArabicYemeni ArabicAramaicPashai
Water yam /jam/ laye /laje/ موية /ˈmoːja/ موية /moːja/ ماء /mɑːʔ/ ܡܝܐ /majjaː/ واری /waːri/
Fire neʼaat /neʔaːt/ gira /ɡira/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːɾ/ نار /naːr/ ܢܘܪܐ /nuːraː/ انگاری /aŋɡaːri/
Sun yint /jint/ ayro /ajɾo/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃams/ شمس /ʃɑms/ ܫܡܫܐ /ʃemʃaː/ سور /sur/
Moon tirig /tiɾiɡ/ alsa /alsa/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/ قمر /ɡamaɾ/ قمر /ɡɑmɑr/ ܣܗܪܐ /sahraː/ مس /mas/
Star hayúk /hajuːk/ xutuk /ħutuk/ نجمة /nadʒma/ نجمة /ˈnadʒma/ نجمة /ˈnadʒma/ ܟܘܟܒܐ /koːχβaː/ تارا /taːraː/
Night hawad /hawad/ bar /bar/ ليل /leːl/ ليل /leːl/ ليل /lajl/ ܠܠܝܐ /leljaː/ رات /rat/
Rain biri /biri/ rob /rob/ مطر /matˤar/ مطر /matˤar/ مطر /mɑtˤɑr/ ܡܛܪܐ /miˈtˤraː/ واښ /waːʂ/
Wind baraam /baraːm/ xaaxat /ħaːħat/ هوا /hawa/ ريح /riːħ/ ريح /riːħ/ ܪܘܚܐ /ˈruħaː/ واغن /waːʁan/
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