براہوئی

Brahui

Dravidian (Northern)

FamilyDravidian (Northern) Speakers~2.4M ScriptArabic (Perso-Arabic Brahui), Latin (educational) CountriesPakistan (Balochistan), Afghanistan, Iran Official inNo (Pakistan recognized regional) Vitalitysafe ISO 639-3brh

Brahui (براہوئی) is a Dravidian language island in Pakistani Balochistan with ~2.4M speakers, ~700km from the nearest Dravidian languages of southern India. Long surrounded by Iranian Balochi and Indo-Aryan, it has absorbed massive Balochi and Persian vocabulary (often estimated at 60-90% of the lexicon) but preserves Dravidian core grammar — postpositions, agglutinative case marking, head-final word order, and Dravidian inherited numerals 1-3. Its position is crucial for proto-Dravidian reconstruction, with debates over whether it represents an early Dravidian migration or a relict isolate.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Brahui

Water

دیر

diːɾ

Fire

کاہا

kaha

Sun

دے

deː

Moon

توبے

ʈuːbe

Star

استار

isˈtaːr

Night

نن

nan

Snow

برف

barf

Earth

ڈغار

ɖaɣaːr

Stone

خل

xal

Mountain

مش

maʃ

Sea

سمندر

samundar

Mother

لمّا

lumːaː

Father

باوا

baːwaː

Daughter

مسڑ

masiɽ

I

ای

iː

You

نی

niː

We

نن

nan

Name

پن

pin

Person

بندغ

bandaɣ

Head

کتم

katum

Eye

خن

xan

Ear

خف

xaf

Nose

بامس

baːmus

Mouth

با

baː

Tooth

دندان

dandaːn

Tongue

دوی

doiː

Hand

دو

duː

Foot

نت

nat

Heart

است

ust

Bone

هڈ

haɖ

Blood

دتر

ditar

Poop

پی

piː

Love

عشق

eʃq

Tree

درخت

daraxt

Dog

کچک

kutʃik

Cat

پسی

pisi

Fish

مچی

mətʃːiː

Bird

چک

tʃuk

Horse

هلی

hulːiː

House

ارا

uraː

Milk

پال

paːl

Salt

نمک

nimik

Iron

اهین

aːhin

Wheel

چرخ

tʃarx

Silk

اربیشم

arbeːʃum

Book

کتاب

kitaːb

Eat

کنّا

kunːa

Drink

پنّنگ

pinːinɡ

Sleep

خاچنگ

xaːtʃinɡ

One

اسٹ

asiʈ

Two

ایراٹ

iˈraːʈ

Three

مسٹ

musiʈ

Four

چار

tʃaːr

Five

پنچ

pantʃ

Hundred

صد

sad

Hello

سلام

salaːm

Thank you

شکریہ

ʃukɾijaː

Good

کشی

kaʃi

New

پوسکن

puːskun

Red

خسون

xisun

White

پیون

piuːn

Black

کری

kariː

Green

خرن

xarːun

Blue

خرن

xarːun

Ninety-nine

نود و نه

navad o noh

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Dravidian (Northern)

Meaning BrahuiClassical PersianBalochiIrulaDariKurukhMiddle Persian
Water دیر /diːɾ/ آب /aːb/ آپ /aːp/ nīr /niːɾ/ آب /ɑːb/ अम्म /amm/ 𐭠𐭯 /aːb/
Fire کاہا /kaha/ آتش /aːtaʃ/ آس /aːs/ tī /tiː/ آتش /ɑːtaʃ/ चिच /tʃitʃ/ 𐭠𐭲𐭱 /aːtaʃ/
Sun دے /deː/ خورشید /xʷarʃeːd/ روچ /roːtʃ/ čūriyen /tʃuːɾijen/ خورشید /xoɾʃed/ बेरी /beɾiː/ 𐭧𐭥𐭫𐭱𐭩𐭲 /xwarʃeːd/
Moon توبے /ʈuːbe/ ماه /maːh/ ماہ /maːh/ niḷā /niɭaː/ ماه /mɑːh/ चांदो /tʃaːndoː/ 𐭬𐭠𐭧 /maːh/
Star استار /isˈtaːr/ ستاره /sitaːra/ استار /estaːr/ naṭčattiram /naʈtʃatːiɾam/ ستاره /setɑːˈɾa/ बिनको /binkoː/ 𐭮𐭲𐭠𐭫𐭪 /staːraɡ/
Night نن /nan/ شب /ʃab/ شپ /ʃap/ ravu /ravu/ شب /ʃaw/ माखा /maːkʰaː/ 𐭱𐭯 /ʃab/
Snow برف /barf/ برف /barf/ برف /barf/ — برف /barf/ कीबा /kiːbaː/ 𐭥𐭯𐭫 /wafr/
Earth ڈغار /ɖaɣaːr/ خاک /xaːk/ ہاک /haːk/ — خاک /xɑːk/ ख़ेख़ेल /xeːxel/ 𐭡𐭥𐭬 /buːm/
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