Rukiga
Chiga
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, JE Runyakitara)
Chiga (Rukiga) is a Bantu JE-zone language of southwestern Uganda (Kigezi region: Kabale, Kanungu, Rukiga districts), with ~2.3M speakers. Part of the Runyakitara cluster (with Nyankole/Runyankole, Tooro/Rutoro, Nyoro/Runyoro), highly mutually intelligible with the other three; the four are sometimes treated as a single language (Runyakitara) for educational and broadcasting purposes. Standard Bantu noun-class system with extensive concord, high/low tones. The Bakiga people, traditionally agriculturalists in the Kigezi highlands, form a major Ugandan cultural and political community. Latin orthography developed by missionaries.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Chiga
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, JE Runyakitara)
| Meaning | Chiga | Runyankole | Nyoro | Tooro | Soga | Luganda | Kinyarwanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Fire | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Sun | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Moon | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Star | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyunyunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Night | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Rain | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enkuba /eŋˈkuba/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Wind | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | empewo /empewo/ | empewo /empeːwo/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Earth | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaka /itaka/ | itaaka /itaːka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ettaka /ettaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Stone | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | ejjinja /edʒːiˈndʒa/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Mountain | omusozi /omusozi/ | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | olusozzi /olusozzi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Sea | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaːndʒa/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | ennyanja /eɲːaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| Mother | nyina /ɲina/ | maawe /maːwe/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Father | ishe /iʃe/ | tata /tata/ | isho /iʃo/ | isho /iʃo/ | lata /lata/ | taata /taːta/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| Daughter | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuwala /omuwala/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| I | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| You | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| We | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | ffe /fːe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Name | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | ibara /iβara/ | eriina /eriːna/ | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | izina /izina/ |
| Person | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Head | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Eye | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Ear | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Nose | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | ennhindo /eɲːindo/ | ennyindo /eɲːindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Mouth | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akamwa /akamwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| Tooth | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | iino /iːno/ | erino /erino/ | erinnyo /eriɲːo/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Tongue | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Hand | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Foot | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /etʃiɡere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Heart | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Bone | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eggumba /eɡːumba/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| Blood | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Poop | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amaazi /amaːzi/ | amazzi /amazːi/ | empitambi /empitambi/ | amase /amase/ |
| Love | kukunda /kukunda/ | rukundo /rukundo/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Tree | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Dog | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Cat | kapa /kapa/ | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | paaka /paːka/ | paaka /paːka/ | pusi /pusi/ | kkapa /kːapa/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| Fish | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | echu /etʃu/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | ekyennyanja /etʃeɲːaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Bird | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | ennyonyi /eɲːoˈɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Butterfly | ekinyugunyugu /etʃiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ | ekihuguuhugu /ekihuɡuːhuɡu/ | — | ekihoiholya /ekihoiholja/ | ekiwoiwolo /ekiwoiwolo/ | ekiwojjolo /etʃiwodʒːolo/ | ikinyugunyugu /ikiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ |
| Egg | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eggi /ˈeɡːi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Bear | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | — | eddubu /edːubu/ | idubu /iduβu/ |
| Horse | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embarasi /embarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| House | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | ennyumba /eɲːumba/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Milk | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ |
| Honey | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | omubisi gwʼenjuki /omubisi ɡweɲdʒuki/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Salt | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omunnyo /omuɲːo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Wine | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | eviini /eviːni/ | eviini /eviːni/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | wayini /wajini/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| Rice | omukyeeri /omutʃeːri/ | omukyeeri /omukjeːri/ | — | — | omutyele /omutjele/ | omuceere /omutʃeːre/ | umuceri /umuˈtʃeri/ |
| Iron | obutare /obutare/ | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyuma /eˈtʃuːma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Wheel | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | nnamuziga /nːamuˈziɡa/ | uruziga /uɾuziɡa/ |
| Silk | riiri /riːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Book | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Eat | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | okulya /okulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Drink | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | okunywa /okuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Sleep | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | okwebaka /okweβaka/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| One | rumwe /rumwe/ | emwe /emwe/ | emu /emu/ | emoi /emoi/ | ndala /ndala/ | emu /emu/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Two | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | bbiri /bːiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Three | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | isatu /iːsatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ssatu /sːatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Four | ina /ina/ | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /iːna/ | ina /ina/ | nnya /ɲːa/ | kane /kane/ |
| Five | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | ttaano /tːaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Hundred | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Hello | oraire /oraire/ | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | mwaakire /mwaːkiɾe/ | oli otya /oli otja/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| Thank you | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | webale /webale/ | webale /webale/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webale /weːbale/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Good | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /tʃiruŋɡi/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| New | ekisya /etʃisja/ | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | mpya /mpja/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| Red | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | myufu /mjufu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| White | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | ndheru /nd̪eɾu/ | eru /eːru/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Black | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iɾuɡavu/ | ddugavu /dduɡavu/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| Green | kinyaasi /tʃiɲaːsi/ | kibabi /kibabi/ | — | — | — | kiragala /tʃiraɡala/ | icyatsi /iˈtʃaːtsi/ |
| Computer | kompiyuta /kompijuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | mudasobwa /mudasobwa/ |
| Tea | cayi /tʃaji/ | chai /tʃai/ | — | — | — | caayi /tʃaːji/ | icyayi /itʃaːji/ |
| Sugar | sukari /sukari/ | shukaari /ʃukaːri/ | — | — | — | ssukaali /sːukaːli/ | isukari /isukari/ |
| Ninety-nine | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /tʃenda na mwenda/ | — | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | kyenda mu mwenda /tʃenda mu mwenda/ | mirongo cyenda nʼicyenda /miɾoŋɡo tʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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