Runyankore
Runyankole
Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, JE Runyakitara)
Runyankole-Rukiga (or Runyankore) is a Bantu language of southwestern Uganda, with ~3M speakers. Part of the Runyakitara cluster (alongside Rutoro/Tooro, Runyoro/Nyoro, and Rukiga/Chiga), with high mutual intelligibility within the cluster. The combined literary form Runyankole-Rukiga is taught in schools, but Runyankole and Rukiga are sometimes treated as separate languages. Closely associated with the historical Ankole kingdom (one of Uganda's traditional kingdoms, restored 1993). Bantu noun-class system with extensive concord. Standard Bantu phonology with high/low tones.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Runyankole
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Atlantic-Congo (Bantu, JE Runyakitara)
| Meaning | Runyankole | Chiga | Nyoro | Tooro | Soga | Luganda | Kinyarwanda |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaizi /amaizi/ | amaadhi /amaːd̪i/ | amazzi /amaːzːi/ | amazi /amaːzi/ |
| Fire | omuriro /omuriro/ | omuriro /omuriro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omurro /omurro/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | omuliro /omuliɾo/ | umuriro /umuɾiɾo/ |
| Sun | eizooba /eizoːba/ | eizooba /eizoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | izooba /izoːba/ | endhuba /end̪uba/ | enjuba /eɲɟuba/ | izuba /izuba/ |
| Moon | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | okwezi /okwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | omwezi /omwezi/ | ukwezi /ukwezi/ |
| Star | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyonyoozi /eɲoɲoːzi/ | enyunyuunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | enyunyunzi /eɲuɲuːnzi/ | emuunienie /emuːɲeɲe/ | emmunyeenye /emːuɲeːɲe/ | inyenyeri /iɲeɲeri/ |
| Night | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | ekiro /ekiro/ | obwire /obwire/ | ekiro /etʃiro/ | ijoro /iʒoro/ |
| Rain | enjura /enˈdʒura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enjura /eɲɟura/ | enkuba /eŋkuba/ | enkuba /eŋˈkuba/ | imvura /imˈvura/ |
| Wind | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | omuyaga /omujaɡa/ | empewo /empewo/ | empewo /empeːwo/ | umuyaga /umujaɣa/ |
| Earth | eitaka /eitaka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | itaka /itaka/ | itaaka /itaːka/ | eitaka /eitaka/ | ettaka /ettaka/ | ubutaka /uɓutaka/ |
| Stone | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | eibaare /eiˈbaːre/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | ibaale /iβaːle/ | eibaale /eibaːle/ | ejjinja /edʒːiˈndʒa/ | ibuye /iˈɓuje/ |
| Mountain | orushozi /oruʃozi/ | omusozi /omusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | orusozi /orusozi/ | olusozzi /olusozzi/ | olusozi /olusozi/ | umusozi /umusozi/ |
| Sea | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲdʒa/ | enyanja /eɲaɲɟa/ | enyanja /eɲaːndʒa/ | enhandha /eɲand̪a/ | ennyanja /eɲːaɲdʒa/ | inyanja /iɲandʒa/ |
| Mother | maawe /maːwe/ | nyina /ɲina/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | nyinya /ɲiɲa/ | maama /maːma/ | maama /maːma/ | mama /maːma/ |
| Father | tata /tata/ | ishe /iʃe/ | isho /iʃo/ | isho /iʃo/ | lata /lata/ | taata /taːta/ | papa /paːpa/ |
| Daughter | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omuhara /omuhara/ | omughala /omuɣala/ | omuwala /omuwala/ | umukobwa /umukobwa/ |
| I | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nyowe /ɲowe/ | nze /nze/ | nze /nze/ | njye /ɲɟe/ |
| You | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | ggwe /ɡːwe/ | wowe /wowe/ |
| We | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | itwe /itwe/ | iffe /ifːe/ | ffe /fːe/ | twebwe /twebwe/ |
| Name | eiziina /eiziːna/ | eiziina /eiziːna/ | ibara /iβara/ | ibara /iβara/ | eriina /eriːna/ | erinnya /eriɲːa/ | izina /izina/ |
| Person | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | omuntu /omuntu/ | umuntu /umuntu/ |
| Head | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | omutwe /omutwe/ | umutwe /umutwe/ |
| Eye | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriisho /eriːʃo/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eriːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | eriiso /eɾiːso/ | ijisho /iʒiʃo/ |
| Ear | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | okutu /okutu/ | ugutwi /uɣutwi/ |
| Nose | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | enyindo /eɲindo/ | ennhindo /eɲːindo/ | ennyindo /eɲːindo/ | izuru /iˈzuɾu/ |
| Mouth | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ | omunwa /omunwa/ | akamwa /akamwa/ | akanwa /akanwa/ |
| Tooth | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | eriino /eriːno/ | iino /iːno/ | erino /erino/ | erinnyo /eriɲːo/ | iryinyo /irjiɲo/ |
| Tongue | orurimi /orurimi/ | orurimi /orurimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | orulimi /orulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | olulimi /olulimi/ | ururimi /ururimi/ |
| Hand | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | omukono /omukono/ | ikiganza /ikiɡanza/ |
| Foot | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigyere /ekiɡjere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /ekiɡere/ | ekigere /etʃiɡere/ | ikirenge /ikirenɡe/ |
| Heart | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | omutima /omutima/ | umutima /umutima/ |
| Bone | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | eigufa /eiɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | igufa /iɡufa/ | eigumba /eiɡumba/ | eggumba /eɡːumba/ | igufwa /iɡufwa/ |
| Blood | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | eshagama /eʃaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | esagama /esaɡama/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | omusaayi /omusaːji/ | amaraso /amaraso/ |
| Poop | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amazi /amazi/ | amaazi /amaːzi/ | amazzi /amazːi/ | empitambi /empitambi/ | amase /amase/ |
| Love | rukundo /rukundo/ | kukunda /kukunda/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | kugonza /kuɡonza/ | okwagala /okwaːɡala/ | urukundo /uɾukundo/ |
| Tree | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | omuti /omuti/ | igiti /iɡiti/ |
| Dog | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | embwa /embwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ |
| Cat | enjangu /endʒaŋɡu/ | kapa /kapa/ | paaka /paːka/ | paaka /paːka/ | pusi /pusi/ | kkapa /kːapa/ | injangwe /indʒaŋɡwe/ |
| Fish | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | eky'enyanja /etʃeɲaɲdʒa/ | encu /eɲtʃu/ | echu /etʃu/ | ekyenhandha /etʃeɲand̪a/ | ekyennyanja /etʃeɲːaɲdʒa/ | ifi /ifi/ |
| Bird | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enyonyi /eɲoɲi/ | enhonhi /eɲoɲi/ | ennyonyi /eɲːoˈɲi/ | inyoni /iˈɲoni/ |
| Butterfly | ekihuguuhugu /ekihuɡuːhuɡu/ | ekinyugunyugu /etʃiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ | — | ekihoiholya /ekihoiholja/ | ekiwoiwolo /ekiwoiwolo/ | ekiwojjolo /etʃiwodʒːolo/ | ikinyugunyugu /ikiɲuɡuɲuɡu/ |
| Egg | eihuri /eihuri/ | eihuri /eihuri/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | ihuli /ihuli/ | eggi /eɡːi/ | eggi /ˈeɡːi/ | igi /iɡi/ |
| Bear | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | edubu /edubu/ | — | eddubu /edːubu/ | idubu /iduβu/ |
| Horse | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embaraasi /embaraːsi/ | embarasi /embarasi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | embalaasi /embalaːsi/ | ifarashi /ifaˈraʃi/ |
| House | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | enju /endʒu/ | endhu /end̪u/ | ennyumba /eɲːumba/ | inzu /inzu/ |
| Milk | amate /amate/ | amate /amate/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ | amata /amata/ |
| Honey | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwuuki /obwuːtʃi/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | obwoki /obwoki/ | omudheenene /omud̪eːnene/ | omubisi gwʼenjuki /omubisi ɡweɲdʒuki/ | ubuki /ubuki/ |
| Salt | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omwonyo /omwoɲo/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omunyu /omuɲu/ | omuunhu /omuːɲu/ | omunnyo /omuɲːo/ | umunyu /umuɲu/ |
| Wine | viino /viːno/ | viino /viːno/ | eviini /eviːni/ | eviini /eviːni/ | omwenge gw'emizabbibu /omweŋɡe ɡwemizabːibu/ | wayini /wajini/ | divayi /divaji/ |
| Rice | omukyeeri /omukjeːri/ | omukyeeri /omutʃeːri/ | — | — | omutyele /omutjele/ | omuceere /omutʃeːre/ | umuceri /umuˈtʃeri/ |
| Iron | ekyoma /eˈkjoma/ | obutare /obutare/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyoma /ekjoma/ | ekyuma /ekjuma/ | ekyuma /eˈtʃuːma/ | icyuma /iˈtʃuma/ |
| Wheel | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enyamuziga /eɲamuziɡa/ | enkede /eŋkede/ | nnamuziga /nːamuˈziɡa/ | uruziga /uɾuziɡa/ |
| Silk | riiri /riːri/ | riiri /riːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | liiri /liːri/ | hariri /hariri/ |
| Book | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabu /ekitaβu/ | ekitabo /ekitabo/ | ekitabo /etʃitabo/ | igitabo /iɡitabo/ |
| Eat | kurya /kurja/ | kurya /kurja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | kulya /kulja/ | okulya /okulja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ |
| Drink | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ | kunhwa /kuɲʷa/ | okunywa /okuɲʷa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Sleep | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kubyama /kubjama/ | kutenduka /kutenduka/ | okwebaka /okweβaka/ | gusinzira /ɡusinzira/ |
| One | emwe /emwe/ | rumwe /rumwe/ | emu /emu/ | emoi /emoi/ | ndala /ndala/ | emu /emu/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ |
| Two | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /iβiri/ | ibiri /ibiri/ | bbiri /bːiri/ | kabiri /kabiri/ |
| Three | ishatu /iʃatu/ | ishatu /iʃatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | isatu /iːsatu/ | isatu /isatu/ | ssatu /sːatu/ | gatatu /ɡatatu/ |
| Four | eina /eina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /iːna/ | ina /ina/ | nnya /ɲːa/ | kane /kane/ |
| Five | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /itaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaano /iˈtaːno/ | itaanu /iˈtaːnu/ | ttaano /tːaːno/ | gatanu /ɡataːnu/ |
| Hundred | igana /iɡana/ | igana /iɡana/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | kikumi /kikumi/ | kikumi /tʃikumi/ | ijana /iʒana/ |
| Hello | agandi /aɡandi/ | oraire /oraire/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | oraire ota /oraire ota/ | mwaakire /mwaːkiɾe/ | oli otya /oli otja/ | muraho /muɾaːho/ |
| Thank you | webare /webare/ | webare /webare/ | webale /webale/ | webale /webale/ | weebale /weːbale/ | webale /weːbale/ | murakoze /muɾakoze/ |
| Good | kirungi /kiruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | kurungi /kuruŋɡi/ | bulungi /buluŋɡi/ | kirungi /tʃiruŋɡi/ | byiza /bjiza/ |
| New | ekisya /ekisja/ | ekisya /etʃisja/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | ekihyaka /ekihjaka/ | iyaka /ijaka/ | mpya /mpja/ | gishya /ɡiʃja/ |
| Red | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | kutukura /kutukura/ | myufu /mjufu/ | myufu /mjufu/ | utukura /utukura/ |
| White | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | kwera /kwera/ | ndheru /nd̪eɾu/ | eru /eːru/ | umweru /umweru/ |
| Black | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | kwiragura /kwiraɡura/ | ndhirugavu /nd̪iɾuɡavu/ | ddugavu /dduɡavu/ | umukara /umukara/ |
| Green | kibabi /kibabi/ | kinyaasi /tʃiɲaːsi/ | — | — | — | kiragala /tʃiraɡala/ | icyatsi /iˈtʃaːtsi/ |
| Blue | bururu /bururu/ | — | — | bururu /bururu/ | bululu /bululu/ | bululu /bululu/ | ubururu /ubururu/ |
| Computer | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompiyuta /kompijuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | mudasobwa /mudasobwa/ |
| Tea | chai /tʃai/ | cayi /tʃaji/ | — | — | — | caayi /tʃaːji/ | icyayi /itʃaːji/ |
| Coffee | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | — | kaawa /kaːwa/ | — | kaawa /kaːwa/ | ikawa /ikawa/ |
| Sugar | shukaari /ʃukaːri/ | sukari /sukari/ | — | — | — | ssukaali /sːukaːli/ | isukari /isukari/ |
| Orange | omucungwa /omutʃuŋɡwa/ | — | — | — | — | omucungwa /omutʃuŋɡwa/ | icunga /itʃuŋɡa/ |
| Ninety-nine | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | makumi mwenda na mwenda /makumi mwenda na mwenda/ | kyenda na mwenda /tʃenda na mwenda/ | — | kyenda na mwenda /kjenda na mwenda/ | kyenda mu mwenda /tʃenda mu mwenda/ | mirongo cyenda nʼicyenda /miɾoŋɡo tʃenda nitʃenda/ |
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