Asháninka
Arawakan (Southern, Kampan)
Asháninka is the largest Arawakan language of Peru and one of the principal indigenous languages of the Peruvian Amazon. The Asháninka people, with their characteristic kushma robes, are one of the most populous Amazonian indigenous groups. Like other Arawakan languages, it has cross-referencing pronominal affixes and noun-classifier morphology. Survived massacres during the Sendero Luminoso conflict (1980s-90s) and remains in active intergenerational use.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Asháninka
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Arawakan (Southern, Kampan)
| Meaning | Asháninka | Trinitario Mojeño | Shipibo-Conibo | Central Huasteca Nahuatl | Choctaw | Wixarika | Warao |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nija /niha/ | une /une/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | atl /atɬ/ | oka /oka/ | ha /ha/ | ho /ho/ |
| Fire | paamari /paːmaɾi/ | yuku /juku/ | chii /tʃiː/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | luak /luak/ | tai /tai/ | hekunu /hekunu/ |
| Sun | oorya /oːɾja/ | sache /satʃe/ | bari /bari/ | tonati /tonati/ | hashi /haʃi/ | tau /tau/ | ya /ja/ |
| Moon | kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ | koje /kohe/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | hashi ninak /haʃi ninak/ | metsa /metsa/ | waniku /waniku/ |
| Star | impoquiro /impokiɾo/ | jreegi /hreːçi/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | fichik /fitʃik/ | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | kura /kuɾa/ |
| Night | tsiteni /tsiteni/ | yoti /joti/ | yame /jamɨ/ | youali /jowali/ | ninak /ninak/ | tikari /tikari/ | ima /ima/ |
| Rain | inkani /iŋkani/ | tgiwo /tçiwo/ | oi /oi/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | umba /omba/ | wiyeri /wijeri/ | naha /naha/ |
| Snow | sharaka /ʃaɾaka/ | — | — | sital set /sital set/ | oktosha /oktoʃa/ | ʼɨwi /ʔɨwi/ | — |
| Wind | tampea /tampea/ | tektikwo /tektikwo/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | mahli /mahli/ | ʼeeka /ʔeːka/ | ahaka /ahaka/ |
| Earth | kipatsi /kipatsi/ | moteji /motehi/ | mai /mai/ | tlali /tɬali/ | yakni /jaːkni/ | kwie /kʷie/ | hobahi /hobahi/ |
| Stone | mapi /mapi/ | mari /maɾi/ | makan /makan/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tali /ˈtali/ | tete /tete/ | hoyo /hojo/ |
| Mountain | otishi /otiʃi/ | ʼnugʼe mari /ʔnuçʔe maɾi/ | manan /manan/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | nanih /nanih/ | yemuri /jemuri/ | inebe /inebe/ |
| Sea | inkajare /iŋkahaɾe/ | — | aniparo /anipaɾo/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | okhata /okhata/ | haramara /haramara/ | nabautu /nabautu/ |
| Mother | ina /ina/ | meme /meme/ | tita /tita/ | nana /nana/ | ishki /iʃki/ | nana /nana/ | dani /dani/ |
| Father | apa /apa/ | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | tata /tata/ | inki /inki/ | yawe /jawe/ | dima /dima/ |
| Daughter | noshinto /noʃinto/ | chicha /tʃitʃa/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | ushetik /uʃitik/ | — | ukatira /ukatiɾa/ |
| I | naaka /naːka/ | nuti /nuti/ | ea /ea/ | na /na/ | ano /ano/ | nee /neː/ | ine /ine/ |
| You | aviro /aβiɾo/ | piti /piti/ | mia /mia/ | ta /ta/ | chishno /tʃiʃno/ | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | ihi /ihi/ |
| We | arori / narori /aɾoɾi / naɾoɾi/ | witi /witi/ | noa /noa/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | pishno /piʃno/ | tame /ˈtame/ | oko /oko/ |
| Name | ivairo /iβaiɾo/ | ijare /ihaɾe/ | jane /hanɨ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | hohchifo /hohtʃifo/ | tewa /ˈtewa/ | wai /wai/ |
| Person | atiri /atiɾi/ | ʼchane /ʔtʃane/ | joni /honi/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | hattak /hatːak/ | tewi /tewi/ | arao /aɾao/ |
| Head | noito /noito/ | chuti /tʃuti/ | mapo /mapo/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | nushkobo /noʃkobo/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | kua /kua/ |
| Eye | noki /noki/ | ugʼa /uçʔa/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | nishkin /niʃkin/ | tukite /tukite/ | mu /mu/ |
| Ear | noyempita /nojempita/ | choka /tʃoka/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | haksobish /haksobiʃ/ | naka /naka/ | kohoko /kohoko/ |
| Nose | noirina /noiɾina/ | siri /siɾi/ | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | ibishakni /ibiʃakni/ | tsuri /tsuɾi/ | kari /kaɾi/ |
| Mouth | novante /noβante/ | jaka /haka/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | iti /iti/ | téni /teni/ | doko /doko/ |
| Tooth | nayi /naji/ | oʼe /oʔe/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | noti /noti/ | tame /tame/ | i /i/ |
| Tongue | nene /nene/ | nene /nene/ | jana /hana/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | isunlash /isunlaʃ/ | neni /neni/ | hono /hono/ |
| Hand | nako /nako/ | wupe /wupe/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | ibbak /ibbak/ | mama /mama/ | moho /moho/ |
| Foot | noiti /noiti/ | iype /ijpe/ | tae /taɨ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | iyyi /ijji/ | keta /keta/ | omu /omu/ |
| Heart | nosanto /nosanto/ | samre /samɾe/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | chunkash /tʃunkaʃ/ | iyari /ijari/ | kobe /kobe/ |
| Bone | tonki /tonki/ | ʼyopege /ʔʲopeçe/ | xao /ʂao/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | foni /foni/ | ume /ume/ | muhu /muhu/ |
| Blood | iraja /iɾaha/ | iti /iti/ | jimi /himi/ | estli /estɬi/ | issish /isːiʃ/ | xuriya /ʃuɾija/ | hotu /hotu/ |
| Poop | notia /notia/ | — | poi /poi/ | cuitlatl /ˈkʷitɬatɬ/ | yalhki /jaɬki/ | kwita /kʷita/ | so /so/ |
| Love | nonintsi /nonintsi/ | emnako /emnako/ | noi /noi/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | hullo /hulːo/ | kanenki /kanenki/ | anaubu /anaubu/ |
| Tree | inchato /intʃato/ | wkugi /wkuçi/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | itti /itti/ | kiyé /kije/ | dau /daw/ |
| Dog | otsiti /otsiti/ | paku /paku/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | ofi /ofi/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | beroro /beɾoɾo/ |
| Cat | mishito /miʃito/ | mitsi /mitsi/ | mishito /miʃito/ | misto /misto/ | katos /katos/ | mitsu /mitsu/ | mishi /miʃi/ |
| Fish | shima /ʃima/ | jimo /himo/ | yapa /japa/ | michi /mitʃi/ | nani /nani/ | kesi /kesi/ | homakaba /homakaba/ |
| Bird | tsimeri /tsimeɾi/ | koyre /kojɾe/ | isa /isa/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | hushi /hoʃiʔ/ | wiki /wiki/ | domu /domu/ |
| Butterfly | tsampi /tsampi/ | — | pëpë /pɨ̃pɨ̃/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | hatapushik /hatapoʃik/ | kipï /kipɨ/ | warowaro /waɾowaɾo/ |
| Egg | iitsoki /iːtsoki/ | wrayʼa /wɾajʔa/ | bachi /batʃi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | akankushi /akankoʃi/ | tawári /taˈwaɾi/ | ahi /ahi/ |
| Bear | meeni /meːni/ | — | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | nita /nita/ | hutse /hutse/ | — |
| Horse | kavayo /kaβajo/ | kwoyu /kwoju/ | kabayo /kabajo/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | issuba /issuba/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | kawayo /kawajo/ |
| House | pankotsi /paŋkotsi/ | peti /peti/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | kali /kali/ | chukka /tʃukka/ | ki /ki/ | hanoko /hanoko/ |
| Milk | tsomitsi /tsomitsi/ | chenyomo /tʃenʲomo/ | xoma /ʂoma/ | lechi /letʃi/ | pishukchi /piʃoktʃi/ | retsi /ɾetsi/ | amiho /amiho/ |
| Honey | ija pitsi /iha pitsi/ | mopomo /moˈpomo/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | necti /nekti/ | foi bila /foi bila/ | xiete /ʃiete/ | — |
| Salt | tivi /tiβi/ | ʼchewe /ʔtʃewe/ | tashi /taʃi/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | hapi /hapi/ | ʼuna /ʔuna/ | bamu /bamu/ |
| Wine | ovaja /oβaha/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | oka pa̱ki /oka pãki/ | winuyari /winujaɾi/ | — |
| Rice | aroso /aɾoso/ | arusu /aɾusu/ | aros /aɾos/ | arroz /aˈros/ | onush lakchi /onoʃ laktʃi/ | — | arisi /aɾisi/ |
| Iron | ashiro /aʃiɾo/ | gero /çeɾo/ | yami /jami/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | — | tepɨa /tepɨa/ | — /—/ |
| Book | sankenarentsi /saŋkenaɾentsi/ | — | kirika /kiɾika/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | holisso /holisso/ | xapa /ʃapa/ | karata /kaɾata/ |
| Eat | noyaki /nojaki/ | niko /niko/ | piti /piti/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | impa /impa/ | kuye /kuje/ | nahoro /nahoɾo/ |
| Drink | noiri /noiɾi/ | ero /ero/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | atli /atɬi/ | ishko /iʃko/ | hiʼeka /hiʔeka/ | hobi /hobi/ |
| Sleep | nomai /nomai/ | imko /imko/ | oxa /oʂa/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | nusi /nosi/ | kutsu /kutsu/ | uba /uba/ |
| One | aparoni /apaɾoni/ | etona /etona/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | ce /se/ | achafa /atʃafa/ | xevi /ʃevi/ | hisaka /hisaka/ |
| Two | apite /apite/ | apina /apina/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | ome /ˈome/ | tuklo /toklo/ | huta /huˈta/ | manamo /manamo/ |
| Three | maava /maːβa/ | mopona /mopona/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | eyi /ejiː/ | tuchchina /totʃːina/ | haika /haika/ | dihanamo /dihanamo/ |
| Four | otsipasati /otsipasati/ | — | chosko /tʃosko/ | nahui /naːwi/ | ushta /oʃta/ | nauka /nauka/ | orabakaya /oɾabakaja/ |
| Five | apapacoroni /apapakoɾoni/ | — | pichika /pitʃika/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | tahlápi /taɬaːpi/ | auxɨwi /auʃɨwi/ | mohabasi /mohabasi/ |
| Hello | aviro /aβiɾo/ | pejamikpo /pehaˈmikpo/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | niltze /niltse/ | halito /halito/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | yakera /jakeɾa/ |
| Thank you | naranki /naɾaŋki/ | rusrupaya /ɾusɾuˈpaja/ | irake /iɾake/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | yakoke /jakoke/ | paʼiwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | kase /kase/ |
| Good | kameetsa /kameːtsa/ | tyuri /curi/ | jakon /hakon/ | kuali /kʷali/ | chukma /tʃukma/ | waxa /waʃa/ | yakera /jakeɾa/ |
| New | iroakera /iɾoakeɾa/ | ʼrajru /ʔɾahɾu/ | bena /bɨna/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | himona /himona/ | hekwa /hekʷa/ | hido /hido/ |
| Red | kitioncari /kitionkaɾi/ | titsi /titsi/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | homma /homːa/ | +aurawi /ʔaurawi/ | símo /ˈsimo/ |
| White | kitamaari /kitamaːɾi/ | tjopu /thopu/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | istak /istak/ | tohbi /tohbi/ | tuxame /tuʃame/ | hoko /hoko/ |
| Black | potsitari /potsitaɾi/ | siso /siso/ | wiso /wiso/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | lusa /losa/ | yɨwime /jɨwime/ | ana /ana/ |
| Green | kenashi /kenaʃi/ | jeʼchu /heʔtʃu/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | okchamali /oktʃamali/ | siïraïyeme /siɨraɨjeme/ | hebuɾa /hebuɾa/ |
| Cuckoo | tsiya /ˈtsija/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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