Mojeño Trinitario
Trinitario Mojeño
Arawakan
Mojeño Trinitario is a Southern Arawakan language spoken by about 3,000 people in Bolivia’s Beni Department, including Trinidad, communities along the Mamoré River, and the Isiboro Sécure and Multiethnic Indigenous Territories. It is one of the two widely spoken surviving Mojeño varieties, alongside Mojeño Ignaciano, and the two are linguistically distinct. Trinitario is polysynthetic, with complex verbal morphology and a fluid active–stative system of person marking. It uses a standardized Latin-based alphabet and is supported by community dictionaries, educational materials, and a dedicated language and culture institute. Bolivia’s 2009 Constitution recognizes Mojeño Trinitario as an official state language, although everyday transmission remains endangered by the growing dominance of Spanish.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Trinitario Mojeño
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Arawakan
| Meaning | Trinitario Mojeño | Terena | Asháninka | Aymara | Shipibo-Conibo | Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl | Marquesan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | une /une/ | úne /ˈune/ | nija /niha/ | uma /uma/ | jene /hɨnɨ/ | atl /atɬ/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fire | yuku /juku/ | yúku /ˈjuku/ | paamari /paːmaɾi/ | nina /nina/ | chii /tʃiː/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | ahi /ahi/ |
| Sun | sache /satʃe/ | káxe /ˈkaʃe/ | oorya /oːɾja/ | inti /inti/ | bari /bari/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | ʻoumati /ʔoumati/ |
| Moon | koje /kohe/ | kohê /koˈheː/ | kashiri /kaʃiɾi/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | oxe /oʂɨ/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mahina /mahina/ |
| Star | jreegi /hreːçi/ | hékere /ˈhekeɾe/ | impoquiro /impokiɾo/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | wishti /wiʃtĩ/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ |
| Night | yoti /joti/ | yóti /ˈjoti/ | tsiteni /tsiteni/ | aruma /aruma/ | yame /jamɨ/ | yohuali /jowali/ | pō /poː/ |
| Rain | tgiwo /tçiwo/ | úko /ˈuko/ | inkani /iŋkani/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | oi /oi/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | ua /ua/ |
| Wind | tektikwo /tektikwo/ | ihunóvoti /ihuˈnowoti/ | tampea /tampea/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | niwe /niwɨ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | metani /metani/ |
| Earth | moteji /motehi/ | móte /ˈmote/ | kipatsi /kipatsi/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | mai /mai/ | tlali /tɬali/ | ʻepo /ʔepo/ |
| Stone | mari /maɾi/ | mopôi /moˈpoːi/ | mapi /mapi/ | qala /ˈqala/ | makan /makan/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | keʻa /keʔa/ |
| Mountain | ʼnugʼe mari /ʔnuçʔe maɾi/ | mopôi /moˈpoːi/ | otishi /otiʃi/ | qullu /quʎu/ | manan /manan/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | — |
| Mother | meme /meme/ | êno /ˈeːno/ | ina /ina/ | mama /mama/ | tita /tita/ | mama /mama/ | kui /kui/ |
| Father | tata /tata/ | háʼa /ˈhaʔa/ | apa /apa/ | tata /tata/ | papa /papa/ | tata /tata/ | motua /motua/ |
| Daughter | chicha /tʃitʃa/ | ihíne /iˈhine/ | noshinto /noʃinto/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | bake ainbo /bake ãĩbo/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | — |
| I | nuti /nuti/ | ûndi /ˈũːndi/ | naaka /naːka/ | naya /naja/ | ea /ea/ | na /na/ | au /au/ |
| You | piti /piti/ | îti /ˈiːti/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ | juma /xuma/ | mia /mia/ | ta /ta/ | koe /koe/ |
| We | witi /witi/ | ûti /ˈuːti/ | arori / narori /aɾoɾi / naɾoɾi/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | noa /noa/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Name | ijare /ihaɾe/ | îha /ˈiːha/ | ivairo /iβaiɾo/ | suti /suti/ | jane /hanɨ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | ikoa /ikoa/ |
| Person | ʼchane /ʔtʃane/ | xâne /ˈʃaːne/ | atiri /atiɾi/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | joni /honi/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | ʻenana /ʔenana/ |
| Head | chuti /tʃuti/ | tûti /ˈtuːti/ | noito /noito/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | mapo /mapo/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | upoko /upoko/ |
| Eye | ugʼa /uçʔa/ | ûke /ˈuːke/ | noki /noki/ | nayra /najɾa/ | bero /bɨɾo/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | choka /tʃoka/ | kenôti /keˈnoːti/ | noyempita /nojempita/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | pabíki /pabiki/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | puaʻika /puaʔika/ |
| Nose | siri /siɾi/ | kiri /kiɾi/ | noirina /noiɾina/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | rekin /ɾɨkin/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | ihu /ihu/ |
| Mouth | jaka /haka/ | pâho /ˈpaːho/ | novante /noβante/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | kexa /kɨʂa/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | haha /haha/ |
| Tooth | oʼe /oʔe/ | ôe /ˈoːe/ | nayi /naji/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | xeta /ʂɨta/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | niho /niho/ |
| Tongue | nene /nene/ | nêne /ˈneːne/ | nene /nene/ | laxra /laχra/ | jana /hana/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | ʻeʻo /ʔeʔo/ |
| Hand | wupe /wupe/ | vôʼu /ˈwoːʔu/ | nako /nako/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | meken /mɨkɨn/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | ʻima /ʔima/ |
| Foot | iype /ijpe/ | hêve /ˈheːve/ | noiti /noiti/ | kayu /kaju/ | tae /taɨ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | vae /vae/ |
| Heart | samre /samɾe/ | omíxone /oˈmiʃone/ | nosanto /nosanto/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | joínti /hoˈinti/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | houpo /houpo/ |
| Bone | ʼyopege /ʔʲopeçe/ | ôpe /ˈoːpe/ | tonki /tonki/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | xao /ʂao/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Blood | iti /iti/ | íti /ˈiti/ | iraja /iɾaha/ | wila /wila/ | jimi /himi/ | estli /estɬi/ | toto /toto/ |
| Love | emnako /emnako/ | ako omótova okóvo /ako oˈmotowa oˈkowo/ | nonintsi /nonintsi/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | noi /noi/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | hanahana /hanahana/ |
| Tree | wkugi /wkuçi/ | tikóti /tiˈkoti/ | inchato /intʃato/ | quqa /quqa/ | jiwi /hiwi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | tumu kahi /tumu kahi/ |
| Dog | paku /paku/ | tamúku /taˈmuku/ | otsiti /otsiti/ | anu /anu/ | ochiti /otʃiti/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | peto /peto/ |
| Cat | mitsi /mitsi/ | marakáya /maɾaˈkaja/ | mishito /miʃito/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | mishito /miʃito/ | mizto /misto/ | piki /piki/ |
| Fish | jimo /himo/ | hôe /ˈhoːe/ | shima /ʃima/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | yapa /japa/ | michi /mitʃi/ | ika /ika/ |
| Bird | koyre /kojɾe/ | hóʼopeno /ˈhoʔopeno/ | tsimeri /tsimeɾi/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | isa /isa/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | manu /manu/ |
| Egg | wrayʼa /wɾajʔa/ | kopútoe /koˈputoe/ | iitsoki /iːtsoki/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | bachi /batʃi/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | mamaʻi /mamaʔi/ |
| Horse | kwoyu /kwoju/ | kámo /ˈkamo/ | kavayo /kaβajo/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | kabayo /kabajo/ | kawayoh /kaˈwaːjoh/ | ekeuna /ekeuna/ |
| House | peti /peti/ | óvongu /ˈõwõŋɡu/ | pankotsi /paŋkotsi/ | uta /uta/ | xobo /ʂobo/ | cali /kali/ | haʻe /haʔe/ |
| Milk | chenyomo /tʃenʲomo/ | leite /ˈlejte/ | tsomitsi /tsomitsi/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | xoma /ʂoma/ | lechi /letʃi/ | — |
| Honey | mopomo /moˈpomo/ | mópo /ˈmopo/ | ija pitsi /iha pitsi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | bona jene /bona hɨnɨ/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | — |
| Salt | ʼchewe /ʔtʃewe/ | yúki /ˈjuki/ | tivi /tiβi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | tashi /taʃi/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | paʻatai /paʔatai/ |
| Rice | arusu /aɾusu/ | nakaku /nakaku/ | aroso /aɾoso/ | arusa /aɾusa/ | aros /aɾos/ | — | — |
| Iron | gero /çeɾo/ | havâva /haˈwaːwa/ | ashiro /aʃiɾo/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | yami /jami/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | — |
| Wheel | karetacho /kaˈretatʃo/ | — | — | rueda /ɾweda/ | karotae /kaɾotae/ | rueda /rweda/ | — |
| Eat | niko /niko/ | níkoti /ˈnikoti/ | noyaki /nojaki/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | piti /piti/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | kai /kai/ |
| Drink | ero /ero/ | énovoti /ˈenowoti/ | noiri /noiɾi/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | xeati /ʂɨati/ | atli /atɬi/ | inu /inu/ |
| Sleep | imko /imko/ | imókoti /iˈmokoti/ | nomai /nomai/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | oxa /oʂa/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | moe /moe/ |
| One | etona /etona/ | poéha /poˈeha/ | aparoni /apaɾoni/ | maya /maja/ | westíora /wɨstioɾa/ | ce /se/ | tahi /tahi/ |
| Two | apina /apina/ | píʼa /ˈpiʔa/ | apite /apite/ | paya /paja/ | rabé /ɾabɨ/ | ome /ˈome/ | ʻua /ʔua/ |
| Three | mopona /mopona/ | mopóʼa /moˈpoʔa/ | maava /maːβa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimisha /kimiʃa/ | eyi /ejiː/ | toʻu /toʔu/ |
| Hello | pejamikpo /pehaˈmikpo/ | únati /ˈunati/ | aviro /aβiɾo/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | jakon raoma /xakon raoma/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | kaʻoha /kaʔoha/ |
| Thank you | rusrupaya /ɾusɾuˈpaja/ | aínapo yákoe /aˈinapo ˈjakoe/ | naranki /naɾaŋki/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | irake /iɾake/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | mauruuru /mauɾuuɾu/ |
| Good | tyuri /curi/ | únati /ˈunati/ | kameetsa /kameːtsa/ | suma /suma/ | jakon /hakon/ | cuali /kʷali/ | meitaʻi /meitaʔi/ |
| New | ʼrajru /ʔɾahɾu/ | inámati /iˈnamati/ | iroakera /iɾoakeɾa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | bena /bɨna/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | hou /hou/ |
| Red | titsi /titsi/ | hararáʼiti /haɾaˈɾaʔiti/ | kitioncari /kitionkaɾi/ | wila /wila/ | joshin /hoʃin/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | kuʻa /kuʔa/ |
| White | tjopu /thopu/ | hopúʼiti /hoˈpuʔiti/ | kitamaari /kitamaːɾi/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | joxo /hoʂo/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | tea /tea/ |
| Black | siso /siso/ | haháʼiti /haˈhaʔiti/ | potsitari /potsitaɾi/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | wiso /wiso/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | keʻekeʻe /keʔekeʔe/ |
| Green | jeʼchu /heʔtʃu/ | hononoʼiti /hononoʔiti/ | kenashi /kenaʃi/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | — |
| Blue | ripu /ɾipu/ | hononoʼiti /hononoʔiti/ | — | larama /laɾama/ | yãkõ /jãkõ/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | moho /moho/ |
| Sugar | asuka /asuka/ | axúka /aˈʃuka/ | — | azúcar /asukar/ | asokaro /asokaɾo/ | tzopelictli /tsopeliktɬi/ | — |
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