Бай тоны

Forest Enets

Uralic

FamilyUralic Speakers~30 fluent ScriptCyrillic CountriesRussia Official inNo (recognized indigenous) Vitalitycritically endangered ISO 639-3enf

Forest Enets (autonymously Бай тоны) is a Northern Samoyedic language of the Uralic family, on the verge of extinction with only around 30 fluent elderly speakers remaining. The Forest Enets community lives in the taiga forest zone of the lower Yenisei River in Krasnoyarsk Krai, Russia, primarily in the settlements of Potapovo and Vorontsovo. Linguistically, Forest Enets is part of the Northern Samoyedic branch alongside Tundra Enets (enh) and the much larger Tundra Nenets (yrk), which together with Nganasan (nio) form the Northern Samoyedic group. The Enets people have suffered severe demographic and cultural pressure under Soviet collectivization (forced sedentarization in the 1930s-50s), then post-Soviet economic disruption, leading to almost complete language shift to Russian. Recent revitalization efforts via Krasnoyarsk Krai Indigenous Affairs Department face severe practical challenges due to the small remaining speech community.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Forest Enets

Water

bi

bi

Fire

tu

tu

Sun

kaya

kaja

Moon

diri

diri

Star

pozsey

pɔzsɛj

Night

pi

pi

Rain

sari

sari

Snow

syra

sɨra

Wind

myasi

mʲasi

Earth

dya

dʲa

Stone

pu

pu

Sea

more

mɔrʲɛ

Mother

e

ɛ

Father

esi

ɛsi

Daughter

nɛ nyɛ

nɛ ɲɛ

I

mody

modʲ

You

u

u

We

modinaʔ

modinaʔ

Name

nim

nim

Person

enchi

ɛntʃi

Head

eba

ɛba

Eye

sey

sɛj

Ear

koo

kɔː

Nose

puja

puja

Tooth

chi

tʃi

Tongue

nyami

ɲami

Hand

uza kora

uza kɔra

Foot

ŋo

ŋɔ

Heart

sey

sæj

Bone

lyzi

ɫɨzi

Blood

buya

buja

Love

komitaɕ

kɔmitaɕʲ

Tree

pya

pʲa

Dog

bunki

bunki

Cat

katuʔ

katuʔ

Fish

kari

kari

Bird

chida sama

tʃida sama

Butterfly

leblyuku

ʎɛbʎuku

Egg

mona

mɔna

Bear

boglya

bɔɡʎa

Horse

dyuda

dʲuda

House

kamoz

kamɔz

Milk

molka

molka

Salt

syr

sɨr

Iron

byasi

bʲasi

Book

kniga

kniɡa

Eat

ooch

ɔːtʃʲ

Drink

ihruguɕ

ihruɡuɕʲ

One

ŋoʔ

ŋoʔ

Two

sizi

sʲizi

Three

nexu

nɛxu

Four

tɛt

tɛt

Five

sobrig

sɔbriɡ

Hundred

dyur

dʲur

Hello

anyo

aɲo

Thank you

spasibo

spasibo

Good

soyza

sɔjza

New

meyu

mʲɛju

Red

nalzeda

naɫzʲɛda

White

syleygu

sɨʎɛjɡu

Black

polzeda

pɔɫzʲɛda

Green

pozeraha

pɔzʲɛraha

Blue

ɕudraha

ɕudraha

Tea

tʃaj

tʃaj

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Uralic

Meaning Forest EnetsNenetsNganasanSelkupUdmurtKhantyTsonga
Water bi /bi/ иˮ /iʔ/ быˮ /bɨʔ/ ӱт /yt/ ву /vu/ йиңк /jiŋk/ mati /mati/
Fire tu /tu/ ту /tu/ туй /tuj/ тӱ /ty/ тыл /tɨl/ тут /tut/ ndzilo /ndzilo/
Sun kaya /kaja/ хаер /xajer/ коу /kou/ чэлы /tɕeːlɨ/ шунды /ʃundɨ/ хатәл /xatəl/ dyambu /dʒambu/
Moon diri /diri/ ирий /irij/ кичез̌әә /kitʃeðəː/ ариаа /ariaː/ толэзь /tolezʲ/ тылащ /tɯlaɕ/ nʼweti /ŋweti/
Star pozsey /pɔzsɛj/ нумгы /ˈnumɡɨ/ хотəдиə /xotəˈdʲiə/ кыска /ˈkɨska/ кизили /kizʲili/ хус /xus/ nyeleti /ɲeleti/
Night pi /pi/ пи /pʲi/ хии /xiː/ пи /pi/ уй /uj/ ат /at/ vusiku /vusiku/
Rain sari /sari/ сарё /sarʲo/ соруа /sorʷa/ сэрынта /særɨnta/ зор /zor/ йєрт /jer̃t/ mpfula /ˈmpfula/
Snow syra /sɨra/ сыра /sɨra/ сирү /sʲiry/ сыры /sɨrɨ/ лымы /lɨmɨ/ ӆоньсь /ɬoɲsʲ/ gamboko /ɡamboko/
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