Enga
Trans-New Guinea (Engan)
Enga is the most widely spoken language of Papua New Guinea's Highlands and the largest Papuan (non-Austronesian) language by speaker count. Native to Enga Province around Wabag, it is the principal lingua franca of high-altitude Wapenamanda and Laiagam valleys. Enga reflects the extraordinary linguistic diversity of New Guinea — over 800 distinct languages — and forms part of the Trans-New Guinea phylum's Engan branch alongside Ipili and Huli.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Enga
Sources
- Lang, Adrianne. 1973. Enga Dictionary with English Index (Pacific Linguistics C-20, ANU; OCR text cached ~/langmap-work/r58/scratch/4/pl/lang.txt); Enga New Testament (eBible enq2); TransNewGuinea.org Enga lexicon (Greenhill, via the round-58 extract); ABVD Enga
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Trans-New Guinea (Engan)
| Meaning | Enga | Huli | Fijian | Tongan | Yagaria | Samoan | Lozi |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | endaki /endaki/ | iba /iba/ | wai /wai/ | vai /vai/ | nina /nina/ | vai /vai/ | mezi /mezi/ |
| Fire | ita /ita/ | ira hungu /iɾa huŋɡu/ | buka /mbuka/ | afi /afi/ | hali /hali/ | afi /afi/ | mulilo /mulilo/ |
| Sun | niki /niki/ | ni /ni/ | matanisiga /matanisiŋa/ | laʻā /laʔaː/ | yege /jeɡe/ | lā /laː/ | lizazi /lizazi/ |
| Moon | kana /kana/ | ege /eɡe/ | vula /βula/ | māhina /maːhina/ | gei /ɡei/ | māsina /maːsina/ | kweli /kweli/ |
| Star | bui /bui/ | yapibiya /japibija/ | kalokalo /kalokalo/ | fetuʻu /fetuʔu/ | ganevi /ɡanevi/ | fetū /fetuː/ | naleli /naleli/ |
| Night | kuka /kuka/ | biraga /biɾaɡa/ | bogi /mboŋi/ | pō /poː/ | hanena /hanena/ | pō /poː/ | busihu /busihu/ |
| Rain | apu /apu/ | ta /ta/ | uca /uða/ | ʻuha /ʔuha/ | gona /ɡona/ | ua /ua/ | pula /ˈpula/ |
| Wind | poo /poː/ | puyabu /pujabu/ | cagi /ðaŋi/ | matangi /mataŋi/ | yasi /jasi/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | moya /moja/ |
| Earth | yuu /juː/ | dindi /dindi/ | qele /ᵑɡele/ | kelekele /kelekele/ | igopa /iɡopa/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ | mubu /mubu/ |
| Stone | kana /kana/ | ege to̱le̱ /eɡe tɔlɛ/ | vatu /vatu/ | maka /maka/ | yavana /javana/ | maʻa /maʔa/ | licwe /liˈtʃwe/ |
| Mountain | yuu manda /juː manda/ | hari /hari/ | ulunivanua /uluniβanua/ | moʻunga /moʔuŋa/ | ae /ae/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | lilundu /lilundu/ |
| Sea | solowata /solowata/ | iba solowara /iba solowara/ | wasawasa /wasawasa/ | tahi /tahi/ | hage nina /haɡe nina/ | sami /sami/ | liwate /liwate/ |
| Mother | endangi /endaŋɡi/ | ai̱ya /aĩja/ | tina /tina/ | faʻē /faʔeː/ | nene /nene/ | tinā /tinaː/ | ma /ma/ |
| Father | takange /takaŋɡe/ | aba /aba/ | tama /tama/ | tamai /tamai/ | papa /papa/ | tamā /tamaː/ | ndate /ndate/ |
| Daughter | wanenge /waneŋɡe/ | wane /wane/ | luve yalewa /luβe jalewa/ | ʻofefine /ʔofefine/ | abade /abade/ | afafine /afafine/ | mwana wa musizana /mwana wa musizana/ |
| I | namba /namba/ | i /i/ | au /au/ | au /au/ | dagaea /daɡaea/ | aʻu /aʔu/ | na /na/ |
| You | emba /emba/ | í /í/ | iko /iko/ | koe /koe/ | gagaea /ɡaɡaea/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ | wena /wena/ |
| We | naima /naima/ | ina /ina/ | keda / keimami /kenda / kejmami/ | kitautolu / kimautolu /kitautolu / kimautolu/ | lagaea /laɡaea/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | luna /luna/ |
| Name | kenge /keŋɡe/ | mini /mini/ | yaca /jaða/ | hingoa /hiŋoa/ | agi /aɡi/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | libizo /libizo/ |
| Person | endakali /endakali/ | — | tamata /tamata/ | tangata /taŋata/ | — | tagata /taŋata/ | mutu /mutu/ |
| Head | ayamba /ajamba/ | haguane /haɡuane/ | ulu /ulu/ | ʻulu /ʔulu/ | anuna /anuna/ | ulu /ulu/ | toho /toho/ |
| Eye | lenge /leŋɡe/ | de /de/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | oulega /ouleɡa/ | mata /mata/ | liito /liːto/ |
| Ear | kale /kale/ | hale /hale/ | daliga /ndaliŋa/ | telinga /teliŋa/ | ageta /aɡeta/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | zebe /zebe/ |
| Nose | lyaa /ʎaː/ | gui /ɡui/ | ucu /uðu/ | ihu /ihu/ | agota /aɡota/ | isu /isu/ | ngo /ŋo/ |
| Mouth | kambu /kambu/ | ne hariga /ne haɾiɡa/ | gusu /ŋusu/ | ngutu /ŋutu/ | haeyapa /haejapa/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | mulomo /mulomo/ |
| Tooth | nenge /neŋɡe/ | ne /ne/ | bati /mbati/ | nifo /nifo/ | haemota /haemota/ | nifo /nifo/ | liino /liːno/ |
| Tongue | keke /keke/ | hege /heɡe/ | yame /jame/ | ʻelelo /ʔelelo/ | nevoda /nevoda/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ | lulimi /lulimi/ |
| Hand | kingi /kiŋɡi/ | ki /ki/ | liga /liŋa/ | nima /nima/ | anita /anita/ | lima /lima/ | lizoho /lizoho/ |
| Foot | moko /moko/ | ge /ɡe/ | yava /java/ | vaʻe /vaʔe/ | iya /ija/ | vae /vae/ | lihutu /liˈhutu/ |
| Heart | mona /mona/ | gubalini /ɡubalini/ | uto /uto/ | loto /loto/ | alutumopa /alutumopa/ | loto /loto/ | pilu /pilu/ |
| Bone | kuli /kuli/ | kuni /kuni/ | sui /sui/ | hui /hui/ | apova /apova/ | ivi /ivi/ | sapo /sapo/ |
| Blood | taiyoko /taijoko/ | darama /daɾama/ | dra /ndra/ | toto /toto/ | golana /ɡolana/ | toto /toto/ | mali /mali/ |
| Love | auu kaenge /auː kaeŋɡe/ | hando /hando/ | loloma /loloma/ | ʻofa /ʔofa/ | amige /amiɡe/ | alofa /alofa/ | lilato /lilato/ |
| Tree | ita /ita/ | ira /iɾa/ | kau /kau/ | ʻakau /ʔakau/ | yava /java/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | kota /kota/ |
| Dog | yana /jana/ | yamu /jamu/ | koli /koli/ | kulī /kuliː/ | gala /ɡala/ | maile /maile/ | nja /ndʒa/ |
| Cat | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | kaze /kaze/ |
| Fish | amane /amane/ | wena /wena/ | ika /ika/ | ika /ika/ | fayana /fajana/ | iʻa /iʔa/ | tapi /tapi/ |
| Bird | yaka /jaka/ | ega /eɡa/ | manumanu /manumanu/ | manupuna /manupuna/ | nama /nama/ | manu /manu/ | nyunywani /ɲuɲwani/ |
| Egg | tuku /tuku/ | haba /haba/ | yaloka /jaloka/ | foʻi moa /foʔi moa/ | amuna /amuna/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | lii /liː/ |
| Bear | bea /bea/ | bea /bea/ | bea /mbea/ | pea /pea/ | — | pea /pea/ | bele /bele/ |
| Horse | osa /osa/ | nogo hosi /noɡo hosi/ | ose /ose/ | hoosi /hoːsi/ | silumata /silumata/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | pizi /pizi/ |
| House | anda /anda/ | anda /anda/ | vale /βale/ | fale /fale/ | yona /jona/ | fale /fale/ | ndu /ndu/ |
| Milk | andu /andu/ | andu /andu/ | sucu /suðu/ | huʻakau /huʔakau/ | duna /duna/ | susu /susu/ | mabisi /mabisi/ |
| Honey | oni /oni/ | mone ibane /mone ibane/ | oni /oni/ | hone /hone/ | utaʼ gabe /utaʔ ɡabe/ | meli /meli/ | linosi /linosi/ |
| Salt | aipi /aipi/ | ibi /ibi/ | masima /masima/ | māsima /maːsima/ | hage /haɡe/ | masima /masima/ | lizwai /lizwai/ |
| Wine | waene /waene/ | waini iba /waini iba/ | waini /waini/ | uaine /uaine/ | vaeni /vaeni/ | uaina /uaina/ | waine /waine/ |
| Iron | aene /aene/ | aeane /aeane/ | kaukamea /kaukamea/ | ukamea /ukamea/ | aeni /aeni/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ | sipi /sipi/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | mbuga /mbuɡa/ | ivola /ivola/ | tohi /tohi/ | buku /buku/ | tusi /tusi/ | buka /buka/ |
| Eat | nepenge /nepeŋɡe/ | na /na/ | kana /kana/ | kai /kai/ | na /na/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | kuca /kutʃa/ |
| Drink | na pee /na peː/ | ila /ila/ | gunu /ŋunu/ | inu /inu/ | nava /nava/ | inu /inu/ | kunwa /kunwa/ |
| Sleep | luu palenge /luː paleŋɡe/ | palia /palia/ | moce /moðe/ | mohe /mohe/ | hao /hao/ | moe /moe/ | kulobala /kulobala/ |
| One | mendai /mendai/ | mbira /mbiɾa/ | dua /ndua/ | taha /taha/ | bogo /boɡo/ | tasi /tasi/ | nyinwi /ɲiŋʷi/ |
| Two | lapo /lapo/ | kira /kiɾa/ | rua /rua/ | ua /ua/ | lole /lole/ | lua /lua/ | peli /peli/ |
| Three | tepo /tepo/ | tebira /tebiɾa/ | tolu /tolu/ | tolu /tolu/ | loleʼe bogeʼe /loleʔe boɡeʔe/ | tolu /tolu/ | talu /talu/ |
| Four | kitomende /kitomende/ | maria /maɾia/ | vā /vaː/ | fā /faː/ | loleʼe loleʼe /loleʔe loleʔe/ | fā /faː/ | ne /ne/ |
| Five | yuungi /juːŋɡi/ | duria /duɾia/ | lima /lima/ | nima /nima/ | faefu /faefu/ | lima /lima/ | ketalizoho /ketalizoho/ |
| Hundred | andate /andate/ | handari /handari/ | drau /ndrau/ | teau /teau/ | hateleti /hateleti/ | selau /selau/ | mwanda /mwanda/ |
| Hello | kotaka /kotaka/ | balu /balu/ | bula /mbula/ | mālō e lelei /maːloː e lelei/ | amige /amiɡe/ | talofa /talofa/ | lumela /lumela/ |
| Thank you | yaka pilyino lenge /jaka piʎino leŋɡe/ | wei /wei/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | mālō /maːloː/ | tega /teɡa/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | nitumezi /nitumezi/ |
| Good | epe /epe/ | bayale /bajale/ | vinaka /βinaka/ | lelei /lelei/ | kavi /kavi/ | lelei /lelei/ | nde /nde/ |
| New | enenge /eneŋɡe/ | gahenge /ɡaheŋɡe/ | vou /βou/ | foʻou /foʔou/ | souva /souva/ | fou /fou/ | nca /ntʃa/ |
| Red | kone /kone/ | daramabi /daɾamabi/ | damudamu /ndamundamu/ | kulokula /kulokula/ | golaʼ /ɡolaʔ/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ | fubelu /fubelu/ |
| White | kyeo /kjeo/ | pele /pele/ | vulavula /βulaβula/ | hinehina /hinehina/ | efeʼ /efeʔ/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ | sweu /sweu/ |
| Black | pumbuti /pumbuti/ | mindi /mindi/ | loaloa /loaloa/ | ʻuliʻuli /ʔuliʔuli/ | nupa /nupa/ | uliuli /uliuli/ | nsu /nsu/ |
| Green | sakapae /sakapae/ | — | drokadroka /ndrokandroka/ | lanu mata /lanu mata/ | — | lanumeamata /lanumeamata/ | tala /tala/ |
| Blue | sakapae /sakapae/ | mindibi /mindibi/ | karakarawa /karakarawa/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ | gumo /ɡumo/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | tala /tala/ |
| Coffee | kopi /kopi/ | — | kofi /kofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | — | kofe /kofe/ | kofi /kofi/ |
| Sugar | suka /suka/ | — | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ | sukana /sukana/ | suka /suka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ |
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