Yagaria
Trans-New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)
Yagaria is an Eastern Highlands language of Papua New Guinea, classified within the Kainantu-Goroka branch of Trans-New Guinea. It uses several distinct verb forms reflecting evidentiality and aspect, common in Highland Papuan languages.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Yagaria
Sources
- Renck, G. L. 1977, Yagaria Dictionary with English Index (Pacific Linguistics C-37, ANU), as excerpted in the Rosetta Project Yagaria Swadesh list
- Renck, G. L. 1975, A Grammar of Yagaria (Pacific Linguistics B-40); ASJP YAGARIA for confirmation
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Trans-New Guinea (Eastern Highlands)
| Meaning | Yagaria | Kanite | Hiri Motu | Samoan | Huli | Enga | Tuvaluan |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | nina /nina/ | tina /tina/ | ranu /ɾanu/ | vai /vai/ | iba /iba/ | endaki /endaki/ | vai /vai/ |
| Fire | hali /hali/ | ata /ata/ | lahi /lahi/ | afi /afi/ | ira hungu /iɾa huŋɡu/ | ita /ita/ | afi /afi/ |
| Sun | yege /jeɡe/ | yage /jaɡe/ | dina /dina/ | lā /laː/ | ni /ni/ | niki /niki/ | laa /laː/ |
| Moon | gei /ɡei/ | ika /ika/ | hua /hua/ | māsina /maːsina/ | ege /eɡe/ | kana /kana/ | masina /masina/ |
| Star | ganevi /ɡanevi/ | kaʼnefi /kaʔnefi/ | hisiu /hisiu/ | fetū /fetuː/ | yapibiya /japibija/ | bui /bui/ | fetū /fetuː/ |
| Night | hanena /hanena/ | hani /hani/ | hanuaboi /hanuaboi/ | pō /poː/ | biraga /biɾaɡa/ | kuka /kuka/ | pō /poː/ |
| Rain | gona /ɡona/ | kola /kola/ | medu /medu/ | ua /ua/ | ta /ta/ | apu /apu/ | ua /ua/ |
| Wind | yasi /jasi/ | yasi /jasi/ | lai /lai/ | matagi /mataŋi/ | puyabu /pujabu/ | poo /poː/ | matagi /mataŋi/ |
| Earth | igopa /iɡopa/ | mopa /mopa/ | tano /tano/ | ʻeleʻele /ʔeleʔele/ | dindi /dindi/ | yuu /juː/ | kelekele /kelekele/ |
| Stone | yavana /javana/ | yafa /jafa/ | nadi /ˈnadi/ | maʻa /maʔa/ | ege to̱le̱ /eɡe tɔlɛ/ | kana /kana/ | fatu /fatu/ |
| Mountain | ae /ae/ | agoʼya /aɡoʔja/ | ororo /ororo/ | mauga /mauŋa/ | hari /hari/ | yuu manda /juː manda/ | mauga /mauŋa/ |
| Sea | hage nina /haɡe nina/ | hage li /haɡe li/ | davara /davara/ | sami /sami/ | iba solowara /iba solowara/ | solowata /solowata/ | tai /tai/ |
| Mother | nene /nene/ | ita /ita/ | sina /sina/ | tinā /tinaː/ | ai̱ya /aĩja/ | endangi /endaŋɡi/ | maatua /maːtua/ |
| Father | papa /papa/ | nafa /nafa/ | tama /tama/ | tamā /tamaː/ | aba /aba/ | takange /takaŋɡe/ | tamana /tamana/ |
| Daughter | abade /abade/ | muna /muna/ | natuna kekeni /natuna kekeni/ | afafine /afafine/ | wane /wane/ | wanenge /waneŋɡe/ | tama fafine /tama fafine/ |
| I | dagaea /daɡaea/ | nagaya /naɡaja/ | lau /lau/ | aʻu /aʔu/ | i /i/ | namba /namba/ | au /au/ |
| You | gagaea /ɡaɡaea/ | kagaya /kaɡaja/ | oi /oi/ | ʻoe /ʔoe/ | í /í/ | emba /emba/ | koe /koe/ |
| We | lagaea /laɡaea/ | tagaya /taɡaja/ | ita / ai /ita / ai/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ | ina /ina/ | naima /naima/ | tātou / mātou /taːtou / maːtou/ |
| Name | agi /aɡi/ | agi /aɡi/ | ladana /laˈdana/ | igoa /iŋoa/ | mini /mini/ | kenge /keŋɡe/ | igoa /iŋoa/ |
| Head | anuna /anuna/ | anu /anu/ | kwarana /kʷarana/ | ulu /ulu/ | haguane /haɡuane/ | ayamba /ajamba/ | ulu /ulu/ |
| Eye | oulega /ouleɡa/ | aulaga /aulaɡa/ | matana /matana/ | mata /mata/ | de /de/ | lenge /leŋɡe/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | ageta /aɡeta/ | agesa /aɡesa/ | taiana /taiana/ | taliga /taliŋa/ | hale /hale/ | kale /kale/ | taliga /taliŋa/ |
| Nose | agota /aɡota/ | — | udubaubauna /udubaubauna/ | isu /isu/ | gui /ɡui/ | lyaa /ʎaː/ | isu /isu/ |
| Mouth | haeyapa /haejapa/ | avaya /avaja/ | uduna /uduna/ | gutu /ŋutu/ | ne hariga /ne haɾiɡa/ | kambu /kambu/ | gutu /ŋutu/ |
| Tooth | haemota /haemota/ | ve /ve/ | isena /isena/ | nifo /nifo/ | ne /ne/ | nenge /neŋɡe/ | nifo /nifo/ |
| Tongue | nevoda /nevoda/ | avefuʼna /avefuʔna/ | mala /mala/ | laulaufaiva /laulaufaiva/ | hege /heɡe/ | keke /keke/ | alelo /alelo/ |
| Hand | anita /anita/ | ayana /ajana/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | ki /ki/ | kingi /kiŋɡi/ | lima /lima/ |
| Foot | iya /ija/ | aiya /aija/ | ae /ae/ | vae /vae/ | ge /ɡe/ | moko /moko/ | vae /vae/ |
| Heart | alutumopa /alutumopa/ | agu /aɡu/ | kudouna /kudouna/ | loto /loto/ | gubalini /ɡubalini/ | mona /mona/ | fatu /fatu/ |
| Bone | apova /apova/ | yamufa /jamufa/ | turia /turia/ | ivi /ivi/ | kuni /kuni/ | kuli /kuli/ | ivi /ivi/ |
| Blood | golana /ɡolana/ | kola /kola/ | rara /rara/ | toto /toto/ | darama /daɾama/ | taiyoko /taijoko/ | toto /toto/ |
| Love | amige /amiɡe/ | avesi /avesi/ | lalokau /lalokau/ | alofa /alofa/ | hando /hando/ | auu kaenge /auː kaeŋɡe/ | alofa /alofa/ |
| Tree | yava /java/ | yosa /josa/ | au /au/ | laʻau /laʔau/ | ira /iɾa/ | ita /ita/ | laakau /laːkau/ |
| Dog | gala /ɡala/ | kala /kala/ | sisia /sisia/ | maile /maile/ | yamu /jamu/ | yana /jana/ | kuli /kuli/ |
| Cat | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ | pusi /pusi/ |
| Fish | fayana /fajana/ | noyame /nojame/ | gwarume /ɡʷaɾume/ | iʻa /iʔa/ | wena /wena/ | amane /amane/ | ika /ika/ |
| Bird | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | manu /manu/ | manu /manu/ | ega /eɡa/ | yaka /jaka/ | manu /manu/ |
| Butterfly | gokopala /ɡokopala/ | — | kaubebe /kaubebe/ | pepe /pepe/ | — | — | pepe /pepe/ |
| Egg | amuna /amuna/ | — | gatoi /ɡatoi/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ | haba /haba/ | tuku /tuku/ | fuamoa /fuamoa/ |
| Horse | silumata /silumata/ | hosi /hosi/ | hosi /hosi/ | solofanua /solofanua/ | nogo hosi /noɡo hosi/ | osa /osa/ | solofanua /solofanua/ |
| House | yona /jona/ | no /no/ | ruma /ɾuma/ | fale /fale/ | anda /anda/ | anda /anda/ | fale /fale/ |
| Milk | duna /duna/ | nu /nu/ | rata /rata/ | susu /susu/ | andu /andu/ | andu /andu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honey | utaʼ gabe /utaʔ ɡabe/ | — | — | meli /meli/ | mone ibane /mone ibane/ | oni /oni/ | hani /hani/ |
| Salt | hage /haɡe/ | sole /sole/ | damena /damena/ | masima /masima/ | ibi /ibi/ | aipi /aipi/ | masima /masima/ |
| Wine | vaeni /vaeni/ | — | uaina /uaina/ | uaina /uaina/ | waini iba /waini iba/ | waene /waene/ | uaina /uaina/ |
| Rice | laesi /laesi/ | — | raisi /raisi/ | alaisa /alaisa/ | — | — | laisi /laisi/ |
| Iron | aeni /aeni/ | — | auri /ˈauɾi/ | uʻamea /uʔamea/ | aeane /aeane/ | aene /aene/ | fiti /fiti/ |
| Wheel | vili /vili/ | — | uili /uili/ | uili /uili/ | garo ge /ɡaɾo ɡe/ | — | teka /teka/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | avo /avo/ | buka /ˈbuka/ | tusi /tusi/ | mbuga /mbuɡa/ | buku /buku/ | tusi /tusi/ |
| Eat | na /na/ | ne /ne/ | ania /ania/ | ʻai /ʔai/ | na /na/ | nepenge /nepeŋɡe/ | kai /kai/ |
| Drink | nava /nava/ | ne /ne/ | inua /inua/ | inu /inu/ | ila /ila/ | na pee /na peː/ | inu /inu/ |
| Sleep | hao /hao/ | fae /fae/ | mahuta /maˈhuta/ | moe /moe/ | palia /palia/ | luu palenge /luː paleŋɡe/ | moe /moe/ |
| One | bogo /boɡo/ | nagoke /naɡoke/ | ta /ta/ | tasi /tasi/ | mbira /mbiɾa/ | mendai /mendai/ | tasi /tasi/ |
| Two | lole /lole/ | tole /tole/ | rua /rua/ | lua /lua/ | kira /kiɾa/ | lapo /lapo/ | lua /lua/ |
| Three | loleʼe bogeʼe /loleʔe boɡeʔe/ | tagufa /taɡufa/ | toi /toi/ | tolu /tolu/ | tebira /tebiɾa/ | tepo /tepo/ | tolu /tolu/ |
| Four | loleʼe loleʼe /loleʔe loleʔe/ | foʼa /foʔa/ | hani /hani/ | fā /faː/ | maria /maɾia/ | kitomende /kitomende/ | fā /faː/ |
| Five | faefu /faefu/ | faefuʼa /faefuʔa/ | ima /ima/ | lima /lima/ | duria /duɾia/ | yuungi /juːŋɡi/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | hateleti /hateleti/ | vani hataleti /vani hataleti/ | handred /handred/ | selau /selau/ | handari /handari/ | andate /andate/ | selau /selau/ |
| Hello | amige /amiɡe/ | naipa /naipa/ | namona /namona/ | talofa /talofa/ | balu /balu/ | kotaka /kotaka/ | taalofa /taːlofa/ |
| Thank you | tega /teɡa/ | muse /muse/ | tanikiu /tanikiu/ | faʻafetai /faʔafetai/ | wei /wei/ | yaka pilyino lenge /jaka piʎino leŋɡe/ | fakafetai /fakafetai/ |
| Good | kavi /kavi/ | kanale /kanale/ | namo /namo/ | lelei /lelei/ | bayale /bajale/ | epe /epe/ | lei /lei/ |
| New | souva /souva/ | haegafa /haeɡafa/ | matamata /matamata/ | fou /fou/ | gahenge /ɡaheŋɡe/ | enenge /eneŋɡe/ | fou /fou/ |
| Red | golaʼ /ɡolaʔ/ | haesa /haesa/ | kakakaka /kakakaka/ | mūmū /muːmuː/ | daramabi /daɾamabi/ | kone /kone/ | kula /kula/ |
| White | efeʼ /efeʔ/ | efeʼage /efeʔaɡe/ | kurokuro /kurokuro/ | paʻepaʻe /paʔepaʔe/ | pele /pele/ | kyeo /kjeo/ | kena /kena/ |
| Black | nupa /nupa/ | anupa /anupa/ | korema /korema/ | uliuli /uliuli/ | mindi /mindi/ | pumbuti /pumbuti/ | uli /uli/ |
| Blue | gumo /ɡumo/ | — | gadoka gadoka /ɡadoka ɡadoka/ | lanumoana /lanumoana/ | mindibi /mindibi/ | sakapae /sakapae/ | lanu moana /lanu moana/ |
| Sugar | sukana /sukana/ | — | suga /suɡa/ | suka /suka/ | — | suka /suka/ | suka /suka/ |
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