वैदिक संस्कृतम्

Vedic Sanskrit

Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan; Old Indo-Aryan) · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan; Old Indo-Aryan) SpeakersExtinct (liturgical use, no native speakers) ScriptOriginally oral (transmitted by oral tradition); later written in Brahmi and, in modern times, Devanagari (also other Indic scripts and IAST romanization) CountriesAncient India (northern Indian subcontinent) Official innone Vitalityextinct

Vedic Sanskrit is the oldest attested form of Sanskrit and the language of the Vedas, including the Rigveda, the earliest of these sacred texts. It belongs to the Old Indo-Aryan stage of the Indo-Iranian branch of the Indo-European family and was spoken in the northern Indian subcontinent roughly from the mid-2nd to the mid-1st millennium BCE. Transmitted orally with remarkable precision for centuries before being written, it has no native speakers today and survives as a historical and liturgical language, notable for its pitch accent and rich inflectional and verbal morphology.

Where it is spoken

Wear this language Pick the words you like, printed in the same typeface the map uses. Make a T-shirt from Vedic Sanskrit words →

87 core words in Vedic Sanskrit

Water

आपः

áːpɐɦ

Fire

अग्निः

ɐɡníɦ

Sun

सूर्यः

súːrjɐɦ

Moon

चन्द्रमाः

tɕɐndrɐ́maːɦ

Star

नक्षत्रम्

nɐ́kʂɐtrɐm

Night

रात्री

ráːtriː

Rain

वृष्टि

ʋr̩ʂʈí

Snow

हिम

ɦímɐ

Wind

वात

ʋáːtɐ

Earth

भूमिः

bʱúːmiɦ

Stone

अश्मन्

ɐ́ɕmɐn

Mountain

पर्वत

pɐ́rʋɐtɐ

Sea

समुद्र

sɐmudrɐ́

Mother

माता

maːtáː

Father

पिता

pitáː

Daughter

दुहितृ

duhitŕ̩

I

अहम्

ɐɦɐ́m

You

त्वम्

tʋɐ́m

We

वयम्

ʋɐjɐ́m

Name

नाम

náːmɐ

Person

मनुष्य

mɐnuʂjɐ

Head

शिरस्

ɕírɐs

Eye

अक्षि

ɐ́kʂi

Ear

कर्ण

kɐ́rɳɐ

Nose

नासा

náːsaː

Mouth

मुख

mukʰɐ

Tooth

दन्तः

dɐ́ntɐɦ

Tongue

जिह्वा

dʑihʋáː

Hand

हस्तः

hɐ́stɐɦ

Foot

पात्

páːt

Heart

हृदयम्

hŕ̩dɐjɐm

Bone

अस्थि

ástʰi

Blood

असृक्

ɐ́sr̩k

Poop

शकृत्

ɕɐ́kr̩t

Love

कामः

káːmɐɦ

Tree

वृक्षः

ʋr̩kʂɐ́ɦ

Dog

श्वा

ɕʋaː

Cat

—

—

Fish

मत्स्यः

mɐ́tsjɐɦ

Bird

वि

ʋí

Egg

आण्ड

aːɳɖɐ́

Bear

ऋक्षः

ŕ̩kʂɐɦ

Horse

अश्वः

ɐ́ɕʋɐɦ

House

गृहः

ɡr̩hɐ́ɦ

Milk

क्षीर

kʂiːrɐ́

Honey

मधु

mɐ́dʱu

Salt

लवण

lɐʋɐɳɐ́

Wine

सुरा

súraː

Rice

व्रीहि

ʋriːhí

Iron

अयस्

ɐ́jɐs

Wheel

चक्र

tɕɐkrɐ́

Eat

अत्ति

ɐtti

Drink

पिबति

píbɐti

Sleep

स्वपिति

sʋɐpiti

One

एकः

éːkɐɦ

Two

द्वौ

dʋɐ́u

Three

त्रयः

trɐ́jɐɦ

Four

चत्वारः

tɕɐtʋáːrɐɦ

Five

पञ्च

pɐ́ɲtɕɐ

Hundred

शतम्

ɕɐtɐ́m

Hello

स्वस्ति

sʋɐstí

Thank you

—

—

Good

साधु

saːdʱú

New

नव

nɐ́ʋɐ

Red

रोहितः

róhitɐɦ

White

श्वेत

ɕʋetɐ́

Black

कृष्णः

kr̩ʂɳɐ́ɦ

Green

हरितः

hɐ́ritɐɦ

Blue

नील

níːlɐ

Computer

गणक

ɡɐɳɐkɐ

Ninety-nine

नवनवति

nɐʋɐnɐʋɐtí

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European (Indo-Iranian, Indo-Aryan; Old Indo-Aryan)

Meaning Vedic SanskritSanskritModern Spoken SanskritPedagogical PaliPaliMaharastri PrakritWestern Punjabi
Water आपः /áːpɐɦ/ जलम् /dʑalam/ जलम् /dʑalam/ udaka /udaka/ उदक /udaka/ उदग /udaɡa/ پانی /pɑːɳiː/
Fire अग्निः /ɐɡníɦ/ अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ aggi /aɡːi/ अग्गि /aɡːi/ अग्गि /aɡɡi/ اگ /əɡː/
Sun सूर्यः /súːrjɐɦ/ सूर्यः /suːɾjaɦ/ सूर्यः /suːɾjaɦ/ suriya /suɾija/ सुरिय /surija/ सूर /suːɾa/ سورج /suːɾədʒ/
Moon चन्द्रमाः /tɕɐndrɐ́maːɦ/ चन्द्रः /tɕandɾaɦ/ चन्द्रः /tɕandɾaɦ/ canda /tɕanda/ चन्द /tɕanda/ चंद /tʃanda/ چن /tʃən/
Star नक्षत्रम् /nɐ́kʂɐtrɐm/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ tārā /ˈtaːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːɾaː/ تارا /taːɾaː/
Night रात्री /ráːtriː/ रात्रिः /raːtriɦ/ रात्रिः /raːtriɦ/ ratti /ratti/ रत्ति /ratti/ रत्ती /rattiː/ رات /raːt/
Rain वृष्टि /ʋr̩ʂʈí/ वर्षा /ʋarʂaː/ वर्षा /ʋarʂaː/ वुट्ठि /ʋuʈːʰi/ वुट्ठि /ʋuʈːʰi/ वुट्ठि /ʋuʈːʰi/ مینہہ /mĩː/
Snow हिम /ɦímɐ/ हिम /ɦimɐ/ हिम /ɦimə/ hima /himə/ हिम /himɐ/ हिम /hima/ برف /bəɾəf/
Page 1/9

Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree

Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.

Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home