महाराष्ट्री प्राकृत

Maharastri Prakrit

Indo-European · historical / hidden variety

FamilyIndo-European Speakers0 (extinct as L1, ~13th c. CE) ScriptDevanagari CountriesHistorical: India Official inNo (extinct; modern Marathi mr occupies its original territory) Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3pmh

Maharastri Prakrit (महाराष्ट्री प्राकृत) was the principal Middle Indo-Aryan literary language of the Indian subcontinent during the 1st century BCE through the 13th century CE, used as the language of post-canonical Jain narrative and commentarial literature (Jaina Maharashtri) and as the language of the courts of medieval Maharashtra. Maharashtri is sister to Pali (pi, the Theravada Buddhist canonical language) within the Middle Indic continuum, and ancestor of modern Marathi (mr). Distinctively, Maharashtri shows the most extensive lenition of Old Indo-Aryan stops (Sanskrit *p > Prakrit v, *t > ∅, *k > ∅) among Prakrits, making it phonologically the most "softened" Middle Indo-Aryan language. Major literary works include the Setubandha (Pravarasena, 5th c. CE), Gathasaptasati (Hala, 1st c. CE), and a large body of Jaina Maharashtri narrative literature; the Jain canonical Agamas themselves are composed in Ardhamagadhi rather than Maharashtri.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Maharastri Prakrit

Water

उदग

udaɡa

Fire

अग्गि

aɡɡi

Sun

सूर

suːɾa

Moon

चंद

tʃanda

Star

तारा

taːɾaː

Night

रत्ती

rattiː

Rain

वुट्ठि

ʋuʈːʰi

Snow

हिम

hima

Wind

वाय

ʋaːja

Earth

पुढवी

puɖʱaʋiː

Stone

पासाण

paːsaːɳa

Mountain

गिरि

ɡiri

Sea

समुद्द

samudda

Mother

माय

maːja

Father

पिअ

piaː

Daughter

धूआ

dʱuːaː

I

अहं

ahan

You

तुमं

tuman

We

अम्हे

amhe

Name

णाम

ɳaːma

Person

मणुस्स

maɳusːa

Head

सीस

siːsa

Eye

अच्छि

atʃːʰi

Ear

कण्ण

kɐɳɳɐ

Nose

णक्क

ɳakːa

Mouth

मुह

muha

Tooth

दंत

danta

Tongue

जिब्भा

dʒibːʱaː

Hand

हत्थ

hatːʰa

Foot

पाअ

paːa

Heart

हिअ

hiaː

Bone

अट्ठि

aʈːʰi

Blood

रुहिर

ruhira

Poop

गूह

ɡuːha

Love

पेम

peːma

Tree

रुक्ख

rukːʰa

Dog

सुणग

suɳaɡa

Cat

मज्जार

madʒːaːra

Fish

मच्छ

mattʃʰa

Bird

पक्खि

pakːʰi

Egg

अंड

aɳɖa

Bear

अच्छ

atʃːʰa

Horse

अस्स

asːa

House

घर

ɡʱaɾa

Milk

दुद्ध

dudːʱa

Honey

महु

mahu

Salt

लोण

loɳa

Wine

सुरा

suraː

Rice

तंडुल

taɳɖula

Iron

लोह

loha

Wheel

चक्क

tʃakːa

Book

पोत्थय

potːʰaja

Eat

खा

kʰaː

Drink

पिब

piba

One

एग

eɡa

Two

दो

do

Three

ति

ti

Four

चत्तारि

tʃəttaːri

Five

पंच

pəɲtʃə

Hundred

साअ

saa

Hello

—

—

Thank you

—

—

Good

साहु

saːhu

New

णव

ɳaʋa

Red

रत्त

ratta

White

सुक्क

sukka

Black

काल

kaːla

Green

हरिय

harija

Cuckoo

कोइल

koˑilɐ

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Indo-European

Meaning Maharastri PrakritPaliPedagogical PaliModern Spoken SanskritSanskritDogriBraj Bhasha
Water उदग /udaɡa/ उदक /udaka/ udaka /udaka/ जलम् /dʑalam/ जलम् /dʑalam/ पानी /paːniː/ पानी /paːniː/
Fire अग्गि /aɡɡi/ अग्गि /aɡːi/ aggi /aɡːi/ अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ अग्निः /aɡniɦ/ अग्ग /aɡː/ आग /aːɡ/
Sun सूर /suːɾa/ सुरिय /surija/ suriya /suɾija/ सूर्यः /suːɾjaɦ/ सूर्यः /suːɾjaɦ/ सूरज /suːraj/ सूरज /suːrədʒ/
Moon चंद /tʃanda/ चन्द /tɕanda/ canda /tɕanda/ चन्द्रः /tɕandɾaɦ/ चन्द्रः /tɕandɾaɦ/ चन्न /tʃanː/ चंद्र /tʃəndɾ/
Star तारा /taːɾaː/ तारा /taːraː/ tārā /ˈtaːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/ तारा /taːraː/
Night रत्ती /rattiː/ रत्ति /ratti/ ratti /ratti/ रात्रिः /raːtriɦ/ रात्रिः /raːtriɦ/ रात /raːt/ रात /raːt/
Rain वुट्ठि /ʋuʈːʰi/ वुट्ठि /ʋuʈːʰi/ वुट्ठि /ʋuʈːʰi/ वर्षा /ʋarʂaː/ वर्षा /ʋarʂaː/ मींह /mĩːh/ बरखा /bəɾkʰaː/
Snow हिम /hima/ हिम /himɐ/ hima /himə/ हिम /ɦimə/ हिम /ɦimɐ/ बरफ /bəɾəf/ बरफ /bərəf/
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