Lakȟótiyapi
Lakota
Siouan
Lakota (Lakȟótiyapi) is the language of the Teton Sioux, with ~2K mostly elderly fluent speakers across the Pine Ridge, Rosebud, Standing Rock, and Cheyenne River reservations. Severely endangered. The standard orthography developed in the 1970s uses ȟ for /ʁ/, č for /tʃ/, and aspirated/unaspirated stops distinguished by an apostrophe. Known to popular culture through the 1990 film Dances with Wolves. Major revitalization initiatives since the 2000s through the Lakota Language Consortium and Tatuye Topa school.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Lakota
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Siouan
| Meaning | Lakota | Dakota | Osage | Ho-Chunk | Crow | Pirahã | Navajo |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mní /mní/ | mní /mní/ | ni /ni/ | nįį /nĩː/ | bilé /bilé/ | pií /pií/ | tó /tʰó/ |
| Fire | pȟéta /pˣéta/ | phéta /pʰéta/ | péje /péʒe/ | peec /peːtʃ/ | bilée /biléː/ | hoaí /hoaí/ | kǫʼ /kʰõ̀ʔ/ |
| Sun | wí /wí/ | aŋpétuwí /aŋpétuwí/ | mį́ /mĩ́/ | wira /ˈwiɾa/ | áxxaashe /áχːaːʃe/ | hisí /hisí/ | jóhonaaʼéí /tʃóhònàːʔéí/ |
| Moon | haŋhépi wí /haŋhépi wí/ | haŋyétuwí /haŋjétuwí/ | mį́ hǫ́bre /mĩ́ hṍbɾe/ | hąąhewira /hãːhewiɾa/ | bilítaache /bilítaːtʃe/ | kaháíxáii /kaháíʔáii/ | tłʼéhonaaʼéí /tɬʼéhònɑ̀ːʔéí/ |
| Star | wičháȟpi /witʃʰáχpi/ | wičaȟpi /witʃaχpi/ | mikákʼe /mikákʔe/ | wiragošge /wiɾaɡoʃɡe/ | ihké /ihké/ | — /—/ | sǫʼ /sõ̀ʔ/ |
| Night | haŋhépi /hãhépi/ | haŋyetu /hãjetu/ | hą́ /hã́/ | hąąhe /hãːhe/ | óotchia /óːttʃia/ | xahoái /ʔahoái/ | tłʼééʼ /tɬʼéːʔ/ |
| Rain | maǧážu /maɣáʒu/ | maǧažu /maɣaʒu/ | — | nįžú /nĩʒu/ | xaleé /χaleé/ | pii /pii/ | níłtsą́ /níɬtsã́/ |
| Snow | wá /wá/ | wá /wá/ | pá /pá/ | waa /waː/ | bíia /bíːa/ | — | yas /jɑ̀s/ |
| Wind | tȟaté /tʰaˈte/ | tate /tateˀ/ | — | caac /tʃaːtʃ/ | huché /hutʃé/ | xohói /ʔohói/ | níyol /níjol/ |
| Earth | makȟá /maˈkʰa/ | makȟá /makʰá/ | mąðį́hka /mãðĩ́hka/ | mąą /mãː/ | awé /awé/ | bigí /biɡí/ | łeezh /ɬeːʒ/ |
| Stone | íŋyaŋ /ˈĩjã/ | íŋyaŋ /ĩ́jã/ | — | įnį /ĩnĩ/ | biiá /biːá/ | xaxái /ʔaʔái/ | tsé /tsʰé/ |
| Mountain | ȟé /χé/ | ȟé /χé/ | — | xee /xeː/ | awaxaawé /awaχaːwé/ | — | dził /tsìɬ/ |
| Sea | mniwáŋča /mniwã́tʃa/ | mniwáŋča /mniwã́tʃa/ | — | teeją́ /teːˈdʒã/ | bilisée /biliséː/ | piigiotigai /piiɡiotiɡai/ | tónteel /tʰóntʰèːl/ |
| Mother | iná /iná/ | iná /iná/ | iną́ /inã́/ | hiʼųnį́ /hiʔũnĩ/ | isahké /isahké/ | baíxi /baíʔi/ | shimá /ʃimá/ |
| Father | até /até/ | até /até/ | indáce /indátse/ | jáji /dʒadʒi/ | iilápxe /iːlápχe/ | baíxi /baíʔi/ | shizhéʼé /ʃiʒéʔé/ |
| Daughter | čhuŋwíŋtku /tʃʰuŋwíŋtku/ | čuŋkší /tʃũkʃí/ | wižǫ́ke /wiʒṍke/ | hinųkáxjį /hinũˈkaxdʒĩ/ | dáakbia /dáːkbia/ | hoísai /hoísai/ | shichʼéʼé /ʃitʃʼéʔé/ |
| I | miyé /mijé/ | miyé /mijé/ | wíe /wíe/ | nee /neː/ | bíi /bíː/ | ti /ti/ | shí /ʃí/ |
| You | niyé /nijé/ | niyé /nijé/ | ðíe /ðíe/ | nee /neː/ | díi /díː/ | gixai /ɡiʔai/ | ni /ni/ |
| We | uŋkíyepi /ũkíjepi/ | uŋkiyepi /ũkijepi/ | ąkóta /ãkóta/ | nee /neː/ | balee /baleː/ | tiatiso /tiatiso/ | nihí /nihí/ |
| Name | čhažé /tʃʰaʒé/ | čažé /tʃaʒé/ | žáže /ʒáʒe/ | raš /raʃ/ | dáashe /dáːʃe/ | karí /karí/ | ázhiʼ /ʔáʒìʔ/ |
| Head | natá /naˈta/ | phá /pʰá/ | — | nąąsu /nãːˈsu/ | aashúua /aːʃúːa/ | xapapai /ʔapapai/ | atsiitsʼiin /atsiːtsʼiːn/ |
| Eye | ištá /iʃtá/ | ištá /iʃtá/ | ištá /iʃtá/ | hišjasu /hiʃdʒasu/ | ishté /iʃté/ | kosi /kosi/ | anááʼ /ʔanáːʔ/ |
| Ear | núŋǧe /nṹɣe/ | nuŋǧe /nũɣe/ | — | nąącawa /nãːtʃawa/ | ahpé /ahpé/ | xáooí /ʔáooí/ | jaaʼ /tʃaːʔ/ |
| Nose | pȟasú /pˣasú/ | phasú /pʰasú/ | — | paa /paː/ | apé /apé/ | xitaoí /ʔitaoí/ | áchįįh /átʃĩːh/ |
| Mouth | í /í/ | í /í/ | — | ii /iː/ | íia /íːa/ | kao /kao/ | azééʼ /àzéːʔ/ |
| Tooth | hi /hi/ | hi /hi/ | hi /hi/ | hii /hiː/ | iiá /iːá/ | aitoi /aitoi/ | awooʼ /awoːʔ/ |
| Tongue | čhejí /tʃʰeʒí/ | čeži /tʃeʒi/ | ðéže /ðéʒe/ | reezí /reːzi/ | déeshe /déːʃe/ | ipopai /ipopai/ | atsooʼ /atsoːʔ/ |
| Hand | napé /napé/ | napé /naˈpe/ | nǫbé /nũbé/ | nąąp /nãːp/ | isché /istʃé/ | xoái /ʔoái/ | álaʼ /ʔálaʔ/ |
| Foot | sihá /sihá/ | sihá /sihá/ | si /si/ | sii /siː/ | iché /itʃé/ | xaaí /ʔaaí/ | akeeʼ /ʔàkʰèːʔ/ |
| Heart | čhaŋté /tʃʰaŋté/ | čhaŋté /tʃʰaŋté/ | náⁿʒe /nã́ʒe/ | nąącge /nãːtʃɡe/ | daasé /daːsé/ | — /—/ | ajéí /ʔɑ̀tʃéí/ |
| Bone | hohú /hohú/ | huhú /huhú/ | wahú /wahú/ | huušerek /huːʃerek/ | hulé /hulé/ | xaí /ʔaí/ | tsʼin /tsʼin/ |
| Blood | wé /wé/ | we /we/ | wapi /wapĩ/ | waʼí /waʔi/ | íile /íːle/ | biipai /biipai/ | dił /tìɬ/ |
| Poop | čheslí /tʃʰeslí/ | čhesdí /tʃʰesdí/ | — | wakere /wakeɾe/ | peelé /peːlé/ | — | chąąʼ /tʃãːʔ/ |
| Love | thečhíȟila /tʰetʃʰíxila/ | thečhíȟida /tʰetʃʰíχida/ | ðakʰíðe /ðakʰíðe/ | woxéte /woˈxete/ | íchisshe /ítʃiʃːe/ | — /—/ | ayóóʼánóshní /ɑjóːʔɑ́nóʃníː/ |
| Tree | čháŋ /tʃʰáŋ/ | čháŋ /tʃʰáŋ/ | žą́ /ʒã́/ | ną /nã/ | balapáale /balapáːle/ | xií /ʔií/ | tsin /tsin/ |
| Dog | šúŋka /ʃúŋka/ | šúŋka /ʃúŋka/ | šǫ́ke /ʃṍke/ | šųk /ʃũk/ | bishké /biʃké/ | giopaíxi /ɡiopaíʔi/ | łééchąąʼí /ɬéːtʃãːʔí/ |
| Cat | igmúŋke /iɡmúŋke/ | igmúŋ /iɡmúŋ/ | įgðǫíka /ĩɡðũíka/ | wijúk /wiˈdʒuk/ | iishpíiwishke /iːʃpíːwiʃke/ | xowí /ʔowí/ | mósí /mósí/ |
| Fish | hogán /hoɣã́/ | hogan /hoɣã/ | ho /ho/ | hoo /hoː/ | buá /buá/ | tíxisi /tíʔisi/ | łóóʼ /ɬóːʔ/ |
| Bird | ziŋtkála /zĩˈtkala/ | zitkána /zitˈkana/ | wažį́ka /waʒĩ́ka/ | wanįk /wanĩk/ | dakáake /dakáːke/ | piibigi /piibiɡi/ | tsídii /tsʰítìː/ |
| Butterfly | kimímila /kimímila/ | kímama /kímama/ | — | mįįmįké /mĩːmĩˈke/ | bilítaashisshe /bilítaːʃiʃːe/ | sibíoí /sibíoí/ | kʼaalógii /kʼɑ̀ːlókìː/ |
| Egg | witká /witˈka/ | witka /witˈka/ | hpáata /hpáːta/ | hiicgé /hiːˈtʃɡe/ | — | sitoí /sitoí/ | ayęęzhii /ajẽːʒiː/ |
| Bear | matȟó /matʰó/ | mathó /matʰó/ | wasápe /wasápe/ | hų́ųc /hũːtʃ/ | — | — | shash /ʃaʃ/ |
| Horse | šúŋkawakȟáŋ /ʃúŋkawakʰáŋ/ | — | káwa /káwa/ | šųųkxéte /ʃũːˈkxete/ | iichíile /iːtʃíːle/ | — | łį́į́ʼ /ɬĩ́ːʔ/ |
| House | thípi /tʰípi/ | thípi /tʰípi/ | cí /tsí/ | cii /tʃiː/ | ashé /aʃé/ | kaiíi /kaiíi/ | hooghan /hoːɣɑn/ |
| Milk | asáŋpi /aˈsãpi/ | asáŋpi /asã́pi/ | paazénii /paːzéniː/ | ceewáznį /tʃeːˈwaznĩ/ | áachiwile /áːtʃiwile/ | xíbogi /ʔíboɡi/ | abeʼ /àpèʔ/ |
| Honey | tȟuȟmáǧa čhaŋháŋpi /tʰuχmáɣa tʃʰaŋháŋpi/ | — | — | heezík tanįžú /heːˈzik tanĩˈʒu/ | — | xaáhái /ʔaáhái/ | tsísʼná bitłʼizh /tsʰísʔnɑ́ pìtɬʼìʒ/ |
| Salt | mniskúya /mniskúja/ | mniskúya /mniskúja/ | niskúðe /niskúðe/ | nįįsgú /nĩːsˈɡu/ | awaxóose /awaχóːse/ | — | áshįįh /ʔáʃĩːh/ |
| Wine | mníša /mníʃa/ | mníša /mníʃa/ | — | haaznį́ /haːzˈnĩ/ | — | — | wáán /wɑ́ːn/ |
| Rice | psíŋ /psíŋ/ | psíŋ /psĩ́/ | — | sįį /sĩː/ | bisheetchichée /biʃeːttʃitʃéː/ | xahóikasí /ʔahóikasí/ | alóós /alóːs/ |
| Iron | máza /máza/ | máza /máza/ | — | mą́ąs /mãːs/ | úuwate /úːwate/ | — | béésh /péːʃ/ |
| Book | wówapi /wówapi/ | wówapi /wówapi/ | — | wagáx /waˈɡax/ | baawaalaáche /baːwaːláːtʃe/ | — | naaltsoos /nɑːltsoːs/ |
| Eat | yúta /júta/ | yúta /júta/ | ðatʰé /ðatʰé/ | waruc /waˈɾutʃ/ | duushé /duːʃé/ | xohoái /ʔohoái/ | yishą́ /jiʃã́/ |
| Drink | yatkáŋ /jatkáŋ/ | yatkáŋ /jatkáŋ/ | iðátʰǫ /iðátʰũ/ | racgą /ratʃɡã/ | isshíia /iʃːíːa/ | gao /ɡao/ | yishdlą́ /jiʃtɬã́/ |
| Sleep | ištíma /iʃˈtima/ | ištíma /iʃtíma/ | — | nąą /nãː/ | hiláwe /hiláwe/ | xaití /ʔaití/ | ałhosh /aɬhoʃ/ |
| One | waŋží /waŋʒí/ | waŋžidaŋ /waŋʒidaŋ/ | wį́xci /wĩ́xtsi/ | hižą́kira /hiʒɐ̃ˈkiɾa/ | hawáte /hawáːte/ | hói /hói/ | tʼááłáʼí /tʼɑ́ːɬɑ́ʔí/ |
| Two | núŋpa /nṹpa/ | nųpa /nũpa/ | ðóⁿba /ðṍba/ | nųųp /nũːp/ | dúupe /dúːpe/ | hoí /hoí/ | naaki /nɑːki/ |
| Three | yámni /jámni/ | yamni /jamni/ | ðaabrį /ðaːbrĩ/ | taaní /taːni/ | dáawiia /dáːwiːa/ | baágiso /baáɡiso/ | tááʼ /tʰáːʔ/ |
| Four | tópa /tópa/ | tópa /tópa/ | topa /topa/ | joop /dʒoːp/ | shoopé /ʃoːpé/ | — | dį́įʼ /tĩ́ːʔ/ |
| Five | záptaŋ /záptã/ | záptaŋ /záptã/ | sáhta /sáhta/ | saacą /saːtʃã/ | chiaxxó /tʃiaχːó/ | — | ashdlaʼ /aʃtɬaʔ/ |
| Hundred | opáwiŋǧe /opáwĩʁe/ | opáwiŋǧe /opáwĩɣe/ | — | hogihí /hoɡihi/ | pilakisée /pilakiséː/ | — | neeznádiin /neːznáːtiːn/ |
| Hello | háu /háu/ | háu /háu/ | Háwe /háwe/ | haho /haho/ | kahée /kahéː/ | — /—/ | yáʼátʼééh /jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/ |
| Thank you | philámayaye /pʰilámajaje/ | pidámayaye /pidámajaje/ | Wíbthaxube /wíbðaxube/ | pįnagigi /pĩnaɡiɡi/ | ahóoh /ahóːh/ | kapiíhií /kapiíhií/ | ahéheeʼ /ʔɑ̀héhèːʔ/ |
| Good | wašté /waʃté/ | wašté /waʃté/ | ðą́ /ðã́/ | pįį /pĩː/ | ítche /íttʃe/ | báaxáí /báaʔáí/ | yáʼátʼééh /jɑ́ʔɑ́tʼéːh/ |
| New | tȟéča /tʰétʃa/ | téča /tétʃa/ | — | ceek /tʃeːk/ | hilaaké /hilaːké/ | xasí /ʔasí/ | ániid /ániːt/ |
| Red | šá /ʃa/ | šá /ʃa/ | žúce /ʒútse/ | šuuc /ʃuːtʃ/ | hísshe /híʃːe/ | biísi /biísi/ | łichííʼ /ɬitʃʰíːʔ/ |
| White | ská /ská/ | ska /ska/ | ska /ska/ | ska /ska/ | chía /tʃía/ | kobiaí /kobiaí/ | łigai /ɬìkɑ̀ì/ |
| Black | sápa /sápa/ | sápa /sápa/ | — | seep /seːp/ | shipíte /ʃipíte/ | kopaíai /kopaíai/ | łizhin /ɬìʒìn/ |
| Green | tȟózi /ˈtxozi/ | tȟó /txó/ | mąhį́ htóho /mãhĩ́ htóho/ | coo /tʃoː/ | shúa /ʃúa/ | xahoasai /ʔahoasai/ | dootłʼizh /tòːtɬʼìʒ/ |
| Blue | tȟó /txó/ | tȟó /txó/ | htóho /htóho/ | coo /tʃoː/ | shúa /ʃúa/ | xahoasai /ʔahoasai/ | dootłʼizh /tòːtɬʼìʒ/ |
| Tea | waȟpé /waχpé/ | waȟpe /waχpe/ | — | nąąʼáp /nãːˈʔap/ | — | — | dééh /téːh/ |
| Coffee | wakȟályapi /wakˣáljapi/ | pežuta sapa /peʒuta sapa/ | mąhkása /mãhkása/ | taaxú /taːˈxu/ | — | kapíi /kapíi/ | gohwééh /kohʷéːh/ |
| Sugar | čhaŋháŋpi /tʃʰãhã́pi/ | čaŋhaŋpi /tʃaŋhaŋpi/ | — | taanį́žu /taːˈnĩʒu/ | — | — | áshįįh łikan /ʔáʃĩːh ɬikɑn/ |
| Orange | tȟaspáŋzi /tʰaspã́zi/ | — | — | wažązí /waʒãˈzi/ | — | — | chʼil łitsxooí /tʃʼil ɬitsʰxoːí/ |
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