aksara cam
Old Cham
Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic) · historical / hidden variety
Old Cham is the extinct historical form of the Cham language, belonging to the Chamic branch of the Malayo-Polynesian subgroup of the Austronesian family. It was the language of the kingdom of Champa in present-day central and southern Vietnam and parts of Cambodia, recorded in stone inscriptions written in an Old Cham Brahmic script derived from the South Indian Pallava script. The Dong Yen Chau inscription (around the 4th century CE) is one of the oldest attested texts in any Austronesian language. Old Cham is the direct ancestor of the modern Cham language still spoken today.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Old Cham
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Malayo-Polynesian, Chamic)
| Meaning | Old Cham | Old Malay | Eastern Cham | Western Cham | Banjar | North Moluccan Malay | Indonesian |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ie /ʔiə/ | air /air/ | ꨀꨳꨩ /ʔiaː/ | ايا /ja/ | banyu /baɲu/ | aer /aer/ | air /ˈair/ |
| Fire | apuy /ʔapuj/ | api /api/ | ꨀꨚꨶꨬ /apuei/ | افوي /apuei/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | huriy /hurij/ | matari /matari/ | ꨀꨕꨪꨓꨳꩀ /aɗitiaʔ/ | أديتياء /aditiak/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | ꨝꨪꨤꩆ /ɓilan/ | بيلن /bilan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bituk /bituʔ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | ꨝꨪꨓꨭꩀ /ɓituʔ/ | فتاۛء /patɨʔ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | ꨠꨤꩌ /mələm/ | مالم /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malam /ˈmalam/ |
| Stone | batau /batau/ | batu /batu/ | ꨝꨓꨭꨥ /ɓatuw/ | فتاو /patau/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Mother | inā /ina/ | ibu /ibu/ | ꨀꨟꨰꩀ /ameʔ/ | ماي /mai/ | uma /uma/ | mama /mama/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Father | amā /ama/ | bapa /bapa/ | ꨀꨟꨲ /amɨ/ | أمآ /amaː/ | abah /abah/ | papa /papa/ | ayah /ajah/ |
| I | ku /ku/ | aku /aku/ | ꨕꨨꨵꩀ /ɗahlaʔ/ | كاو /kɔw/ | aku /aku/ | kita /kita/ | saya /saja/ |
| You | hã /haː/ | kamu /kamu/ | ꨨꨲ /hɨ/ | هاۛ /hɨ/ | ikam /ikam/ | ngana /ŋana/ | kamu /kamu/ |
| We | — /—/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | ꨁꨓꨩ /itaː/ | دري /drej/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | torang /toraŋ/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | angan /aŋan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ꨀꨋꩆ /aŋan/ | أڠن /aŋan/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ |
| Person | urāṅ /uraːŋ/ | — | ꨂꨣꩃ /ʔuraːŋ/ | — | urang /uraŋ/ | orang /oraŋ/ | orang /ˈoraŋ/ |
| Eye | matā /mata/ | mata /mata/ | ꨟꨓꨩ /mətaː/ | متا /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Nose | idung /iduŋ/ | — | — | — | hidung /hiduŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ | hidung /hiˈduŋ/ |
| Tooth | tagai /taɡaj/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | ꨓꨈꨬ /taɡaj/ | تڬي /taɡɛj/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ˈɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | dalah /dalah/ | lidah /lidah/ | ꨕꨤꩍ /dalah/ | دله /dalah/ | ilat /ilat/ | lida /lida/ | lidah /ˈlidah/ |
| Hand | taŋin /taŋin/ | tangan /taŋan/ | ꨓꨊꨪꩆ /taŋin/ | تاڠين /taŋin/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Foot | takai /takai/ | — | ꨓꨆꨰ /takai/ | تاكاي /takai/ | batis /batis/ | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /ˈkaki/ |
| Heart | hatai /hatai/ | hati /hati/ | ꨨꨓꨰ /hatai/ | هتاي /hatai/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | talang /talaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | ꨓꨤꩃ /talaŋ/ | تلڠ /talaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ |
| Blood | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | ꨕꨣꩍ /darah/ | دره /darah/ | darah /darah/ | dara /dara/ | darah /ˈdarah/ |
| Love | klɛn /klɛn/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | ꨀꨘꨪꩅ /anit/ | ڬاوه /ɡauh/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Tree | phuəŋ /pʰuəŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | ꨆꨢꨮꨭ /kajauː/ | كايو /kajuv/ | batang /bataŋ/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | pohon /pohon/ |
| Dog | asuv /asuw/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | ꨀꨧꨮꨭ /ʔasaw/ | أتحو /atʰuv/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | mɛw /mɛw/ | — /—/ | ꨟꨢꨥ /mɨjaw/ | ميٛو /meuv/ | pusa /pusa/ | ikung /ikuŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Fish | ikan /ikan/ | ikan /ikan/ | ꨁꨆꩆ /ikan/ | كان /kan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Bird | cim /tʃim/ | burung /buruŋ/ | ꨌꨳꨪꩌ /ciːm/ | — | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| House | sɔŋ /sɔŋ/ | rumah /rumah/ | ꨧꩃ /saːŋ/ | تحاڠ /tʰaŋ/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Eat | bɔh /bɔh/ | makan /makan/ | ꨨꨶꩀ /huaʔ/ | هواء /huak/ | makan /makan/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | mɛnum /mɛnum/ | minum /minum/ | ꨟꨑꨭꩌ /mɨɲum/ | ماوم /maum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /minum/ |
| One | sa /sa/ | sa /sa/ | ꨧ /saː/ | تحا /tʰa/ | asa /asa/ | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | ꨕꨶ /duaː/ | ڎوا /ɗuə/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | klau /klau/ | tlu /tlu/ | ꨆꨵꨯꨱ /klɔw/ | كلاو /klaw/ | talu /talu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tiga /tiɡa/ |
| Four | pāt /paːt/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ꨚꩀ /paʔ/ | — | ampat /ampat/ | ampa /ampa/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | ꨤꨪꨟꨩ /limɨ/ | لاماۛ /lamɨː/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hello | — /—/ | — /—/ | ꨦꨤꩌ /salam/ | سلام /salam/ | salam /salam/ | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ | halo /ˈhalo/ |
| Thank you | — /—/ | — /—/ | ꨙꨶ ꨜꨲꩊ /ɗua pʰuəl/ | تريما كاسيه /tarima kasiʔ/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ |
| Good | siam /siam/ | baik /baik/ | ꨧꨳꩌ /siam/ | سيام /siam/ | bagus /baɡus/ | bae /bae/ | baik /baiʔ/ |
| Red | mưriah /mɨriah/ | merah /merah/ | ꨟꨣꨳꩍ /mɨriah/ | ماۛرياه /mɨriah/ | habang /habaŋ/ | mera /ˈmera/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| White | patih /patih/ | putih /putih/ | ꨚꨓꨪꩍ /patih/ | — | putih /putih/ | puti /puti/ | putih /ˈputih/ |
| Black | hitam /hitam/ | hitam /hitam/ | — | — | hirang /hiraŋ/ | itam /itam/ | hitam /ˈhitam/ |
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