jaku Iban
Iban
Austronesian (Malayic)
Iban (Jaku Iban) is the principal language of Sarawak's indigenous population, with ~1.5M speakers in Malaysian Sarawak, Indonesian West Kalimantan, and Brunei. Part of the Malayic branch of Austronesian, closely related to Malay/Indonesian — the two are partially mutually intelligible. The Iban (formerly called "Sea Dayaks") were historically the largest Bornean indigenous group and are known for traditional longhouse architecture. The Dunging Iban script was invented in 1947 by Dunging anak Gunggu, a 70-character syllabary still occasionally used for cultural purposes. Recognized as a regional language of Sarawak. Today predominantly written in Latin script.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Iban
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian (Malayic)
| Meaning | Iban | Musi | Malay | Minangkabau | Banjar | Old Malay | North Moluccan Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | ai /ai/ | ayek /ajek/ | air /ˈair/ | aia /aia/ | banyu /baɲu/ | air /air/ | aer /aer/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | mata-ari /mataari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matoari /matoaɾi/ | matahari /matahari/ | matari /matari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | malam /ˈmalam/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ | malam /malam/ |
| Rain | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | ujan /ˈudʒan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | — | ujang /uˈdʒaŋ/ |
| Snow | seleju /səledʒu/ | — | salji /saldʒi/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | — | salju /saldʒu/ |
| Wind | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /ˈaŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | — | angin /aŋin/ |
| Earth | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | — | tana /tana/ |
| Stone | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ |
| Mountain | bukit /bukit/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡuˈnuŋ/ | gunuang /ɡunuaŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | — | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ |
| Sea | tasik /tasik/ | laot /laot/ | laut /ˈlaut/ | lauik /lauiʔ/ | laut /laut/ | — | lao /lao/ |
| Mother | indai /indai/ | mak /mak/ | ibu /ibu/ | amak /amaʔ/ | uma /uma/ | ibu /ibu/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | apai /apai/ | bapak /bapak/ | ayah /ajah/ | abak /abaʔ/ | abah /abah/ | bapa /bapa/ | papa /papa/ |
| Daughter | anak indu /anak indu/ | — | anak perempuan /anak pərəmpuan/ | anak padusi /anaʔ padusi/ | anak babinian /anak babinian/ | — | ana parampuang /ana parampuaŋ/ |
| I | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | saya /saja/ | ambo /ambo/ | aku /aku/ | aku /aku/ | kita /kita/ |
| You | nuan /nuan/ | kau /kau/ | awak /awaʔ/ | ang /aŋ/ | ikam /ikam/ | kamu /kamu/ | ngana /ŋana/ |
| We | kitai / kami /kitai / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | torang /toraŋ/ |
| Name | nama /nama/ | namo /namo/ | nama /nama/ | namo /namo/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | ngaran /ŋaran/ | nama /nama/ |
| Person | orang /ˈoraŋ/ | wong /woŋ/ | orang /ˈoraŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | urang /uraŋ/ | — | orang /oraŋ/ |
| Head | pala /pala/ | palak /palak/ | kepala /kəˈpala/ | kapalo /kapalo/ | kapala /kapala/ | — | kapala /kapala/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | pending /pəndiŋ/ | telingo /teliŋo/ | telinga /təˈliŋə/ | talingo /taliŋo/ | talinga /taˈliŋa/ | — | talinga /taliŋa/ |
| Nose | idung /iduŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | hidung /hiˈduŋ/ | iduang /iduaŋ/ | hidung /hiduŋ/ | — | idong /idoŋ/ |
| Mouth | mulut /ˈmulut/ | mulut /mulut/ | mulut /ˈmulut/ | muluik /muluiʔ/ | muntung /muntuŋ/ | — | mulu /mulu/ |
| Tooth | ngeliʼ /ŋeliʔ/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ˈɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | dilah /dilah/ | lidah /lidah/ | lidah /ˈlidah/ | lidah /lidah/ | ilat /ilat/ | lidah /lidah/ | lida /lida/ |
| Hand | jari /dʒari/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ |
| Foot | kaki /kaki/ | — | kaki /ˈkaki/ | kaki /kaki/ | batis /batis/ | — | kaki /kaki/ |
| Heart | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ati/ | ati /ati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ |
| Blood | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | darah /ˈdarah/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | darah /darah/ | dara /dara/ |
| Poop | tai /tai/ | taik /taik/ | tahi /ˈtahi/ | cirik /tʃiɾiʔ/ | tahi /tahi/ | — | tai /tai/ |
| Love | rinduai /rinduai/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinto /tʃinto/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ |
| Tree | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pokok /pokoʔ/ | kayu /kaju/ | batang /bataŋ/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ |
| Dog | ukui /ukui/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjiang /aɲdʒiaŋ/ | hadupan /hadupan/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | mayau /majau/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kuciang /kutʃiaŋ/ | pusa /pusa/ | — /—/ | ikung /ikuŋ/ |
| Fish | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | iwak /ˈiwak/ | ikan /ikan/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ |
| Bird | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | buruang /buruaŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Butterfly | kelelaway /kələlaway/ | — | rama-rama /rama rama/ | ramo-ramo /ramo ramo/ | kupu-kupu /kupukupu/ | — | — |
| Egg | telu /təlu/ | telok /telok/ | telur /təˈlor/ | talua /talua/ | hintalu /hintalu/ | — | tolor /tolor/ |
| Bear | jugam /dʒuɡam/ | — | beruang /bəruaŋ/ | baribeh /baribeh/ | biruang /biruaŋ/ | — | — |
| Horse | kuda /kuda/ | — | kuda /ˈkuda/ | kudo /kudo/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | kuda /kuda/ |
| House | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /ɾumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | ruma /ruma/ |
| Milk | ai tusu /ai tusu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honey | ai manyi /ai maɲi/ | — | madu /ˈmadu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | — | madu /madu/ |
| Salt | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | uyah /ujah/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Wine | wain /wain/ | — | wain /wain/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | anggur /ˈaŋɡur/ |
| Rice | beras /bəras/ | beras /bəras/ | beras /bəˈras/ | bareh /bareh/ | baras /baras/ | — | baras /baˈras/ |
| Chocolate | coklat /tʃoklat/ | coklat /tʃoklat/ | coklat /ˈtʃoklat/ | cokelat /tʃoˈkəlat/ | suklat /ˈsuklat/ | — | — |
| Iron | besi /ˈbəsi/ | besi /bəsi/ | besi /bəsi/ | basi /ˈbasi/ | wasi /ˈwasi/ | — | besi /besi/ |
| Wheel | peruda /pəˈruda/ | — | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | — | roda /roda/ |
| Silk | sutera /sutəra/ | — | sutera /suˈtəra/ | suto /suto/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | sutra /sutra/ |
| Book | bup /bup/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | — | buku /buku/ |
| Eat | makai /makai/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makang /makaŋ/ |
| Drink | ngirup /ŋirup/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | nginum /ŋinum/ | minum /minum/ | minong /minoŋ/ |
| Sleep | tinduk /tinduʔ/ | tido /tido/ | tidur /tidor/ | lalok /laloʔ/ | guring /ɡuriŋ/ | tidur /tidur/ | tidor /tidor/ |
| One | satu /satu/ | siko /siko/ | satu /satu/ | ciek /tʃieʔ/ | asa /asa/ | sa /sa/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | tiga /tiɡa/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | talu /talu/ | tlu /tlu/ | tiga /tiɡa/ |
| Four | empat /əmpat/ | empat /əmpat/ | empat /əmpat/ | ampek /ampeʔ/ | ampat /ampat/ | mpat /əmpat/ | ampa /ampa/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | saratuih /saratuih/ | saratus /saratus/ | ratus /ratus/ | saratus /saratus/ |
| Hello | salam /salam/ | halo /halo/ | hai /hai/ | salam /salam/ | salam /salam/ | — /—/ | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ |
| Thank you | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | tarimo kasiah /taɾimo kasiah/ | tarima kasih /tarima kasih/ | — /—/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ |
| Good | manah /manah/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baiʔ/ | rancak /ɾantʃaʔ/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baik/ | bae /bae/ |
| New | baru /baru/ | anyar /aɲar/ | baru /ˈbaru/ | baru /baru/ | hanyar /haɲar/ | — | baru /baru/ |
| Red | mirah /miɾah/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | sirah /siɾah/ | habang /habaŋ/ | merah /merah/ | mera /ˈmera/ |
| White | burak /burak/ | putih /putih/ | putih /ˈputeh/ | putiah /putiah/ | putih /putih/ | putih /putih/ | puti /puti/ |
| Black | chelum /tʃəlum/ | item /itəm/ | hitam /ˈhitam/ | itam /itam/ | hirang /hiraŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | itam /itam/ |
| Green | ijau /idʒau/ | ijo /idʒo/ | hijau /ˈhidʒau/ | ijau /idʒau/ | hijau /hidʒau/ | — | ijo /idʒo/ |
| Blue | biru /biɾu/ | — | biru /ˈbiru/ | biru /biɾu/ | biru /biru/ | — | biru /biru/ |
| Cuckoo | bubut /ˈbubut/ | — | sewah /ˈsewah/ | — | bubut /ˈbubut/ | — | — |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈputə(r)/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | — | komputer /komˈputer/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | susyi /suʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | pekasam /pəkasam/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ |
| Tea | te /te/ | — | teh /teh/ | teh /teh/ | teh /teh/ | — | — |
| Coffee | kupi /kupi/ | — | kopi /ˈkopi/ | kopi /kopi/ | kupi /kupi/ | — | — |
| Sugar | gula /ɡula/ | — | gula /ˈɡula/ | gulo /ɡulo/ | gula /ɡula/ | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | semilan puluh semilan /səmilan puluh səmilan/ | — | sembilan puluh sembilan /səmbilan puluh səmbilan/ | sambilan puluah sambilan /sambilan puluah sambilan/ | sambilan puluh sambilan /sambilan puluh sambilan/ | — | sembilan pulu sembilan /sembilan pulu sembilan/ |
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