Bahasa Pasar Ternate
North Moluccan Malay
Austronesian
North Moluccan Malay (autonymously Bahasa Pasar Ternate, "the market language of Ternate") is a Malay-based contact variety of the Maluku archipelago, spoken as L1 by around 700,000 people and as L2 by approximately 1 million in the eastern Indonesian province of North Maluku. The language descends from the trade Malay used by Maluku spice traders and the Sultanate of Ternate (one of four major Maluku spice sultanates with Tidore, Bacan, and Jailolo) since at least the 14th century. The Sultanate of Ternate was a major regional power in the 16th century during the European spice trade, and its influence ensured Malay became the regional lingua franca, gradually replacing the indigenous Papuan-related Halmaheran languages (West Papuan family) and Austronesian Sahu-related languages. Today, North Moluccan Malay is the dominant lingua franca of all North Maluku, with active intergenerational transmission and a vibrant urban speech community.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in North Moluccan Malay
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Austronesian
| Meaning | North Moluccan Malay | Ambon Malay | Papuan Malay | Musi | Indonesian | Betawi | Malay |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | aer /aer/ | aer /aer/ | air /aer/ | ayek /ajek/ | air /ˈair/ | aèr /aɛr/ | air /ˈair/ |
| Fire | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /ˈapi/ | api /api/ | api /api/ | api /ˈapi/ | api /api/ |
| Sun | matahari /matahari/ | mata hari /mata hari/ | matahari /mataˈhari/ | matahari /matahari/ | matahari /matahari/ | mataari /mataˈari/ | matahari /matahari/ |
| Moon | bulan /bulan/ | bulang /bulaŋ/ | bulan /ˈbulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /bulan/ | bulan /ˈbulan/ | bulan /bulan/ |
| Star | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ | bintang /ˈbintaŋ/ | bintang /bintaŋ/ |
| Night | malam /malam/ | malang /malaŋ/ | malam /malam/ | malem /maləm/ | malam /ˈmalam/ | malem /maləm/ | malam /ˈmalam/ |
| Rain | ujang /uˈdʒaŋ/ | ujang /udʒaŋ/ | ujan /udʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ | ujan /uˈdʒan/ | hujan /ˈhudʒan/ |
| Snow | salju /saldʒu/ | — | salju /saldʒu/ | — | salju /saldʒu/ | salju /saldʒu/ | salji /saldʒi/ |
| Wind | angin /aŋin/ | anging /aŋiŋ/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /ˈaŋin/ | angin /aŋin/ | angin /ˈaŋin/ |
| Earth | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | tana /tana/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ | tanah /tanah/ |
| Stone | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ | batu /batu/ | batu /ˈbatu/ |
| Mountain | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡuˈnuŋ/ | gunung /ɡunuŋ/ | gunung /ɡuˈnuŋ/ |
| Sea | lao /lao/ | lau /lau/ | laut /laut/ | laot /laot/ | laut /ˈlaut/ | laut /laut/ | laut /ˈlaut/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /ˈmama/ | mak /mak/ | ibu /ibu/ | enyaʼ /əˈɲaʔ/ | ibu /ibu/ |
| Father | papa /papa/ | papa /papa/ | bapa /ˈbapa/ | bapak /bapak/ | ayah /ajah/ | babè /baˈbɛ/ | ayah /ajah/ |
| Daughter | ana parampuang /ana parampuaŋ/ | ana parangpuang /ana paraŋpuaŋ/ | anak prempuan /anak prempuan/ | — | anak perempuan /anak pərəmpuan/ | anak perempuan /anak pərəmpuan/ | anak perempuan /anak pərəmpuan/ |
| I | kita /kita/ | beta /beta/ | sa /sa/ | aku /aku/ | saya /saja/ | guè /ɡuˈwɛ/ | saya /saja/ |
| You | ngana /ŋana/ | ose /ose/ | ko /ko/ | kau /kau/ | kamu /kamu/ | lu /lu/ | awak /awaʔ/ |
| We | torang /toraŋ/ | katong /katoŋ/ | kitorang /kitoraŋ/ | kito / kami /kito / kami/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ | kite /kite/ | kita / kami /kita / kami/ |
| Name | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | nama /nama/ | namo /namo/ | nama /nama/ | nama /ˈnama/ | nama /nama/ |
| Person | orang /oraŋ/ | orang /oraŋ/ | orang /oraŋ/ | wong /woŋ/ | orang /ˈoraŋ/ | orang /oraŋ/ | orang /ˈoraŋ/ |
| Head | kapala /kapala/ | kapala /kapala/ | kepala /kepala/ | palak /palak/ | kepala /kəˈpala/ | palè /palɛ/ | kepala /kəˈpala/ |
| Eye | mata /mata/ | mata /mata/ | mata /ˈmata/ | mato /mato/ | mata /mata/ | mata /ˈmata/ | mata /mata/ |
| Ear | talinga /taliŋa/ | talinga /taliŋa/ | tlinga /tliŋa/ | telingo /teliŋo/ | telinga /təˈliŋa/ | kuping /kupiŋ/ | telinga /təˈliŋə/ |
| Nose | idong /idoŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ | idong /idoŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | hidung /hiˈduŋ/ | idung /iduŋ/ | hidung /hiˈduŋ/ |
| Mouth | mulu /mulu/ | mulu /mulu/ | mulut /mulut/ | mulut /mulut/ | mulut /ˈmulut/ | mulut /mulut/ | mulut /ˈmulut/ |
| Tooth | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ˈɡiɡi/ | gigi /ɡiɡi/ | gigi /ˈɡiɡi/ |
| Tongue | lida /lida/ | lida /lida/ | lida /lida/ | lidah /lidah/ | lidah /ˈlidah/ | lida /lida/ | lidah /ˈlidah/ |
| Hand | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangang /taŋaŋ/ | tangan /ˈtaŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ | tangan /ˈtaŋan/ | tangan /taŋan/ |
| Foot | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /ˈkaki/ | — | kaki /ˈkaki/ | kaki /kaki/ | kaki /ˈkaki/ |
| Heart | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /ˈhati/ | hati /hati/ | hati /hati/ | ati /ˈati/ | hati /hati/ |
| Bone | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ | tulang /tulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ | tulang /ˈtulaŋ/ |
| Blood | dara /dara/ | dara /dara/ | dara /dara/ | darah /darah/ | darah /ˈdarah/ | dare /dare/ | darah /ˈdarah/ |
| Poop | tai /tai/ | tai /tai/ | — | taik /taik/ | pup /pup/ | tai /tai/ | tahi /ˈtahi/ |
| Love | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | sayang /ˈsajaŋ/ | sayang /sajaŋ/ | cinta /tʃinta/ | cinta /ˈtʃinta/ | cinta /tʃinta/ |
| Tree | pohong /pohoŋ/ | pohong /pohoŋ/ | pohon /ˈpohon/ | kayu /kaju/ | pohon /pohon/ | puʼun /puˈʔun/ | pokok /pokoʔ/ |
| Dog | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /ˈandʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ | anjing /ˈandʒiŋ/ | anjing /andʒiŋ/ |
| Cat | ikung /ikuŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /ˈkutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ | kucing /ˈkutʃiŋ/ | kucing /kutʃiŋ/ |
| Fish | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | ikang /ˈikaŋ/ | ikan /ˈikaŋ/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ | ikan /ˈikan/ |
| Bird | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ | burung /buruŋ/ |
| Egg | tolor /tolor/ | telor /təlor/ | telor /telor/ | telok /telok/ | telur /təˈlur/ | telor /təlor/ | telur /təˈlor/ |
| Horse | kuda /kuda/ | kuda /kuda/ | kuda /kuda/ | — | kuda /ˈkuda/ | kuda /ˈkuda/ | kuda /ˈkuda/ |
| House | ruma /ruma/ | ruma /ruma/ | ruma /ˈruma/ | rumah /rumah/ | rumah /rumah/ | rume /ˈrumə/ | rumah /rumah/ |
| Milk | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ | susu /susu/ |
| Honey | madu /madu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /ˈmadu/ | — | madu /ˈmadu/ | madu /madu/ | madu /ˈmadu/ |
| Salt | garam /ɡaram/ | garang /ɡaraŋ/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garam /ɡaram/ | garem /ɡarəm/ | garam /ɡaram/ |
| Wine | anggur /ˈaŋɡur/ | anggor /ˈaŋɡor/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | — | anggur /aŋɡur/ | anggur /aŋɡur/ | wain /wain/ |
| Rice | baras /baˈras/ | baras /baras/ | — | beras /bəras/ | beras /bəˈras/ | beras /bəras/ | beras /bəˈras/ |
| Iron | besi /besi/ | besi /besi/ | besi /ˈbesi/ | besi /bəsi/ | besi /bəsi/ | besi /bəˈsi/ | besi /bəsi/ |
| Wheel | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | — | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ | roda /roda/ |
| Silk | sutra /sutra/ | sutra /sutra/ | — | — | sutra /ˈsutra/ | sutra /sutra/ | sutera /suˈtəra/ |
| Book | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ |
| Eat | makang /makaŋ/ | makang /makaŋ/ | makan /ˈmakan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /makan/ | makan /ˈmakan/ | makan /makan/ |
| Drink | minong /minoŋ/ | minong /minoŋ/ | minum /ˈminum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /minum/ | minum /ˈminum/ | minum /minum/ |
| Sleep | tidor /tidor/ | tidor /tidor/ | tidor /tidor/ | tido /tido/ | tidur /tidur/ | tidur /tidur/ | tidur /tidor/ |
| One | satu /satu/ | satu /satu/ | satu /ˈsatu/ | siko /siko/ | satu /satu/ | atu /ˈatu/ | satu /satu/ |
| Two | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | dua /dua/ | duo /duo/ | dua /dua/ | dua /ˈduwa/ | dua /dua/ |
| Three | tiga /tiɡa/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tigo /tiɡo/ | tiga /tiɡa/ | tige /tiɡə/ | tiga /tiɡa/ |
| Four | ampa /ampa/ | ampa /ampa/ | empat /empat/ | empat /əmpat/ | empat /əmpat/ | empat /əmpat/ | empat /əmpat/ |
| Five | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | limo /limo/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ | lima /lima/ |
| Hundred | saratus /saratus/ | saratus /saratus/ | seratus /seratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ | seratus /səratus/ |
| Hello | cerang /tʃeraŋ/ | hela /hela/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | halo /halo/ | halo /ˈhalo/ | salamalékum /salamaˈlekum/ | hai /hai/ |
| Thank you | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | tarima kase /tarima kase/ | trima kasi /ˈtrima ˈkasi/ | terimo kasih /terimo kasih/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ | makasi /maˈkasi/ | terima kasih /tərima kasih/ |
| Good | bae /bae/ | bagus /baɡus/ | bae /ˈbae/ | bagus /baɡus/ | baik /baiʔ/ | baèk /baˈɛʔ/ | baik /baiʔ/ |
| New | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | baru /baru/ | anyar /aɲar/ | baru /ˈbaru/ | baru /baru/ | baru /ˈbaru/ |
| Red | mera /ˈmera/ | mera /ˈmera/ | mera /ˈmeɾa/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | merah /ˈmerah/ | mèra /ˈmɛra/ | merah /ˈmerah/ |
| White | puti /puti/ | puti /puti/ | puti /puti/ | putih /putih/ | putih /ˈputih/ | puti /puti/ | putih /ˈputeh/ |
| Black | itam /itam/ | itang /itaŋ/ | hitam /hitam/ | item /itəm/ | hitam /ˈhitam/ | item /itəm/ | hitam /ˈhitam/ |
| Green | ijo /idʒo/ | ijo /idʒo/ | hijou /hidʒou/ | ijo /idʒo/ | hijau /ˈhidʒau/ | ijo /ˈidʒo/ | hijau /ˈhidʒau/ |
| Blue | biru /biru/ | biru /biru/ | biru /ˈbiɾu/ | — | biru /ˈbiru/ | biru /biru/ | biru /ˈbiru/ |
| Computer | komputer /komˈputer/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputer/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈputər/ | komputer /komˈputər/ | komputer /kɔmˈputə(r)/ |
| Sushi | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | susyi /suʃi/ | sushi /ˈsuʃi/ | susyi /suʃi/ |
| Ninety-nine | sembilan pulu sembilan /sembilan pulu sembilan/ | sambilang pulu sambilang /sambilaŋ pulu sambilaŋ/ | — | — | sembilan puluh sembilan /səmbilan puluh səmbilan/ | — | sembilan puluh sembilan /səmbilan puluh səmbilan/ |
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