古代韓國語

Old Korean

Koreanic · historical / hidden variety

FamilyKoreanic SpeakersExtinct (~7-10c. CE — Silla unified Korea) ScriptHyangchal (Chinese characters used semantically + phonetically); Idu CountriesAncient Korea (Silla kingdom) Official inSilla court Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3oko

Old Korean is the earliest documented stage of Korean, attested via the 25 hyangga (郷歌) poems preserved in Samguk Yusa (1281) and Gyunyeo's biography (1075), plus place/personal names and idu records in Samguk Sagi. Most lexical reconstruction is anchored to the Silla period; reconstructions follow Lee KM (1993, 2003), Sohn (1999), and Whitman (2015).

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Old Korean

Water

勿

*muɾ

Fire

弗

*puɾ

Sun

日

*hai

Moon

月羅理

*tʌɾaɾi

Star

星利

*pjəli

Night

夜音

*pam

Sea

海等

*patʌl

Mother

母史

*əzi

Father

父

*api

I

吾

*na

You

汝

*nə

We

—

—

Name

—

—

Person

人音

*saɾʌm

Eye

目

*nun

Tooth

—

—

Tongue

—

—

Hand

孫

*son

Heart

心音

*mʌsʌm

Bone

—

—

Blood

—

—

Love

思良

*sjaɾaŋ

Tree

那木

*namok

Dog

加伊

*kahi

Cat

—

—

Fish

—

—

House

執

*tɕip

Iron

薩

*so

Eat

食

*məkta

Drink

飲

*maɕita

One

一等

*hʌnah

Two

二肹

*tubɨɾ

Three

—

—

Hundred

百隱

*on

Hello

—

—

Thank you

—

—

Good

好

*tjoh

Red

—

—

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Koreanic

Meaning Old KoreanGoryeo KoreanLate Middle KoreanProto-Japonic-KoreanicScythianMeroiticMessapic
Water 勿 /*muɾ/ 沒 /*mwol/ ·믈 /mɯl/ — /—/ — /—/ 𐦠𐦶 /ato/ — /—/
Fire 弗 /*puɾ/ 孛 /*pwol/ ·블 /pɯl/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Sun 日 /*hai/ 契 /*hʌi/ ·ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ — /—/ — /—/ 𐦨𐦯 /ˈmasa/ — /—/
Moon 月羅理 /*tʌɾaɾi/ 妲 /*tʌl/ ·ᄃᆞᆯ /tʌl/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Star 星利 /*pjəli/ — /—/ :별 /pjəl/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Night 夜音 /*pam/ 監 /*pam/ 밤 /pam/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
Sea 海等 /*patʌl/ — 바·ᄅᆞᆯ /paɾʌl/ — — — —
Mother 母史 /*əzi/ 丫彌 /*emi/ ·어미 /ʌmi/ *əma /əma/ — /—/ — /—/ — /—/
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