近世韓國語

Early Modern Korean

Koreanic · historical / hidden variety

FamilyKoreanic SpeakersExtinct (~17th-19th c.) ScriptHangul / Hanja CountriesJoseon Korea Official inJoseon Dynasty Vitalityextinct ISO 639-3okm

Early Modern Korean (근대국어 geundae-gugeo, ~17th-19th century) is the transitional stage between Middle Korean and the contemporary standard, spanning late Joseon. It saw the loss of phonemic pitch-accent (~17c.), the disappearance of the vowel ㆍ arae-a (~18c. spelling, ~16c. speech), simplification of the consonant cluster system (ㅄ, ㅴ → ㅆ etc.), reorganization of the seven-vowel system, and a steady rise in vernacular Hangul literature alongside continued Hanja-based scholarship. Sirhak ("practical learning") reformers and Han'gul-printed novels (e.g. Chunhyangjeon 춘향전) drove mass Hangul literacy beyond elite Confucian circles. Direct ancestor of Modern Korean as we know it; the orthographic and grammatical norms standardized after the 1933 Unified Hangul Spelling System resolved residual EM-era variation.

Where it is spoken

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87 core words in Early Modern Korean

Water

믈

mɯl

Fire

블

pɯl

Sun

ᄒᆡ

hʌj

Moon

달

tal

Star

별

pjəl

Night

밤

pam

Rain

비

pi

Snow

눈

nun

Wind

바람

paɾam

Earth

홁

holk

Stone

돌

tol

Mountain

뫼

moj

Sea

바다

pada

Mother

어미

ʌmi

Father

아비

abi

Daughter

ᄯᆞᆯ

t͈ʌl

I

나

na

You

너

nə

We

우리

uri

Name

일홈

irhom

Person

사ᄅᆞᆷ

saɾam

Head

머리

məɾi

Eye

눈

nun

Ear

귀

kwi

Nose

코

kʰo

Mouth

입

ip

Tooth

니

ni

Tongue

혀

hjə

Hand

손

son

Foot

발

pal

Heart

마음

maɯm

Bone

ᄲᅧ

p͈jə

Blood

피

pʰi

Poop

똥

t͈oŋ

Love

ᄉᆞ랑

saɾaŋ

Tree

나모

namo

Dog

개

kɛ

Cat

괴앙이

kweaŋi

Fish

믈고기

mɯlɡoɡi

Bird

새

sɛ

Egg

알

al

Bear

곰

kom

Horse

ᄆᆞᆯ

mal

House

집

tɕip

Milk

졋

tɕjət

Honey

ᄭᅮᆯ

k͈ul

Salt

소곰

soɡom

Iron

쇠

swe

Wheel

바회

pahwe

Silk

비단

pidan

Book

ᄎᆡᆨ

tɕʰɛk

Eat

먹다

mʌk̚t͈a

Drink

마시다

maɕida

Sleep

자다

tɕada

One

하나

hana

Two

둘

tul

Three

세

sej

Four

네

nej

Five

다슷

tasɯt

Hundred

ᄇᆡᆨ

pɛk

Hello

안녕하시오

annjʌŋhaɕio

Thank you

고맙소이다

komapsoida

Good

됴타

tjotʰa

Red

붉다

pulkta

White

희다

hɯjda

Black

검다

kəmta

Green

푸르다

puɾɯda

Cuckoo

뻐꾹새

p͈ʌk͈uk̚s͈ɛ

Computer

주판

tɕupʰan

Sushi

식해

ɕikʰɛ

Ninety-nine

아흔아홉

ahɯnahop

Sources

Words compared

Compared with languages in the same classification: Koreanic

Meaning Early Modern KoreanLate Middle KoreanKoreanHamgyong KoreanJeolla KoreanYanbian KoreanBusan Korean
Water 믈 /mɯl/ ·믈 /mɯl/ 물 /mul/ 물 /mul/ 물 /mul/ 물 /mul/ 물 /mul/
Fire 블 /pɯl/ ·블 /pɯl/ 불 /pul/ 불 /pul/ 불 /pul/ 불 /pul/ 불 /pul/
Sun ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ ·ᄒᆡ /hʌj/ 해 /hɛ/ 해 /hɛ/ 해 /hɛ/ 해 /hɛ/ 해 /hɛ/
Moon 달 /tal/ ·ᄃᆞᆯ /tʌl/ 달 /tal/ 달 /tal/ 달 /tal/ 달 /tal/ 달 /tal/
Star 별 /pjəl/ :별 /pjəl/ 별 /pjʌl/ 별 /pjəl/ 별 /pjəl/ 별 /pjʌl/ 별 /pjʌl/
Night 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/ 밤 /pam/
Rain 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/ 비 /pi/
Snow 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/ 눈 /nun/
Page 1/9

Word order compared

Compare with major world languages

Early Modern Korean
저는 旅館 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 본 衣服을 입어보고 싶사이다
I want to try on a suit I saw ‌in a shop across from the hotel
Ich möchte einen Anzug anprobieren den ich in einem Geschäft gegenüber vom Hotel gesehen habe
मैं होटल के सामने एक दुकान में देखा सूट को पहनकर देखना चाहता हूँ
私は ホテルの 向かいの お店 で 見た スーツを 試着 したいです
我 想 试穿 酒店 对面的 商店 里 看到的 那套西装
أنا أريد أن أجرب بدلة رأيتها في محل مقابل الفندق
Я хочу примерить костюм который я увидел в магазине напротив отеля

Compare with languages in the same classification

저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 본 양복을 입어보고 싶습니데이
Early Modern Korean
저는 旅館 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 본 衣服을 입어보고 싶사이다
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 본 양복을 입어보고 싶수다
저는 호텔 맞은편 가게 ‌에서 본 양복을 입어보고 싶어요
나는 쥬ᅎᆞᆸ 맞은편 져자 ‌에서 본 옷을 닙어보고져 ᄒᆞ노라

Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree

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