Numu
Northern Paiute
Uto-Aztecan (Numic, Western)
Northern Paiute (Numu "the people") is a Western Numic language of the Great Basin, spoken from eastern Oregon through Nevada into California and Idaho. It features vowel harmony, final-feature devoicing, and a complex system of stem-final consonant mutations (gradation) triggered by a preceding noun or prefix.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Northern Paiute
Sources
- Snapp, Allen, John Anderson & Joy Anderson (1982) Northern Paiute. In: Studies in Uto-Aztecan Grammar 3, SIL/UTA, pp. 1-92.
- Thornes, Tim (2003) A Northern Paiute Grammar with Texts. PhD diss., University of Oregon.
- Yerington Paiute Tribe (1987) Numu Yadooape: Northern Paiute Language Dictionary.
- Glottolog: Northern Paiute
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Uto-Aztecan (Numic, Western)
| Meaning | Northern Paiute | Comanche | Proto-Uto-Aztecan | Hopi | Wixarika | Cora | Tarahumara |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | paa /paː/ | paa /paː/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | paahu /paːhɨ/ | ha /ha/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ | bawí /bawi/ |
| Fire | kosso /kosːo/ | kuuna /kuːna/ | *na- /na/ | qööhi /qøːhi/ | tai /tai/ | taʼai /taʔai/ | nahí /nahi/ |
| Sun | taba /tapa/ | taabe /taːbe/ | *ta /ta/ | taawa /tɑːwɑ/ | tau /tau/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ | rayó /ɾajo/ |
| Moon | muha /mɨha/ | mʉa /mɨa/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | muuyaw /muːjɑw/ | metsa /metsa/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ | mecá /metʃa/ |
| Star | pasohoobʉ /pasohoːbɨ/ | tatsinuupi /tatsinuːpi/ | — /—/ | soohu /soːhɨ/ | xurawe /ʃuˈrawe/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ | sopolí /sopoli/ |
| Night | tukano /tukano/ | tukaani /tukaːni/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tookila /toːkila/ | tikari /tikari/ | tika /tika/ | rokó /roko/ |
| Rain | paumaba /paumapa/ | ʉmaarʉ /ɨmaːɾɨ/ | *yuku /juku/ | yooyangw /joːjaŋʷ/ | wiyeri /wijeri/ | biite /biːte/ | ukuí /ukui/ |
| Snow | nɨbabi /nɨpapi/ | tahkabi /tahkabi/ | — | nuva /nɨva/ | ʼɨwi /ʔɨwi/ | seeri /seːɾi/ | kiparí /kipaɾi/ |
| Wind | hɨkwaba /hɨkʷapa/ | nʉepi /nɨepi/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | hùukyangw /hùːkjaŋʷ/ | ʼeeka /ʔeːka/ | eeca /eːka/ | eká /eka/ |
| Earth | tiipü /tiːpɨ/ | sokobi /sokobi/ | — | tutskwa /ˈtɨtskʷa/ | kwie /kʷie/ | chuej /tʃweh/ | weʼé /weʔe/ |
| Stone | tɨppi /tɨpːi/ | tʉpi /tɨpi/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | owa /ˈʔowa/ | tete /tete/ | teté /teˈte/ | rité /ɾite/ |
| Mountain | kaipa /kaipa/ | — | — | tuukwi /tɨːkʷi/ | yemuri /jemuri/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ | rabó /ɾabo/ |
| Mother | pia /pia/ | pia /pia/ | — /—/ | yuʼat /juʔɑt/ | nana /nana/ | naana /naːna/ | iyé /ije/ |
| Father | naa /naː/ | ahpʉ /ahpɨ/ | — /—/ | naʼat /nɑʔɑt/ | yawe /jawe/ | hahuá /hahwa/ | onó /ono/ |
| I | nʉʉ /nɨː/ | nʉ /nɨ/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nuʼ /nɨʔ/ | nee /neː/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ | nejé /nehe/ |
| You | ʉʉ /ɨː/ | ʉnʉ /ɨnɨ/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | um /ʔɨm/ | eekɨ /ˈeːkɨ/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ | mujé /muhe/ |
| We | tami / nʉmi /tami / nɨmi/ | tanʉ / nʉnʉ /tanɨ / nɨnɨ/ | — /—/ | itam /ʔitam/ | tame /ˈtame/ | ta /ta/ | tamujé /tamuhe/ |
| Name | nia /niʔa/ | nahnia /nahnia/ | *tewa /tewa/ | tungwni /tɨŋʷni/ | tewa /ˈtewa/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ | riwá /ɾiwa/ |
| Person | nɨmɨ /nɨmɨ/ | nʉmʉ /ˈnɨmɨ/ | — | sino /sino/ | tewi /tewi/ | tebi /tebi/ | pagótami /paɡotami/ |
| Head | kwo /kʷo/ | paapi /paːpi/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | qötö /qøtø/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ | moʼó /moʔo/ |
| Eye | pui /pui/ | puui /puːi/ | *pusi /pusi/ | poosi /poːsi/ | tukite /tukite/ | húi /hwi/ | pusí /pusi/ |
| Ear | naka /naka/ | naki /naki/ | *naka /naka/ | naqvu /naqvɨ/ | naka /naka/ | naxai /naʃai/ | naká /naka/ |
| Nose | mupi /muβi/ | — | *yaka /jaka/ | yaqa /jaqa/ | tsuri /tsuɾi/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ | aká /aka/ |
| Mouth | tɨppa /tɨpːa/ | tʉpe /tɨpe/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | moʼa /moʔa/ | téni /teni/ | teni /teni/ | riní /ɾini/ |
| Tooth | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | *tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tame /tame/ | tame /tame/ | ramé /rame/ |
| Tongue | eho /exo/ | eeko /eːko/ | *nene /nene/ | lengi /leŋi/ | neni /neni/ | nanu /nanu/ | chamerawa /tʃamerawa/ |
| Hand | mai /mai/ | moʼo /moʔo/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | maaʼt /mɑːʔt/ | mama /mama/ | mam /mam/ | sekuá /sekwa/ |
| Foot | kuku /kuku/ | naape /naːpe/ | *tala /tala/ | kukʼat /kukʔat/ | keta /keta/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ | ronó /ɾono/ |
| Heart | piwi /piwi/ | pihi /pihi/ | *sula /sula/ | unangwa /ʔunaŋʷa/ | iyari /ijari/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ | surí /suɾi/ |
| Bone | oho /oho/ | tsuhnipʉ /tsuhnipɨ/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | öqa /ʔøqa/ | ume /ume/ | ɨka /ɨka/ | ochí /otʃi/ |
| Blood | puupe /pɨːpːi/ | — /—/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | ungwa /ʔuŋʷa/ | xuriya /ʃuɾija/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ | wichirá /witʃiɾa/ |
| Love | suabetɨ /suapetɨ/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | kanenki /kanenki/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ | nakí /naki/ |
| Tree | hupi /hupi/ | huupi /huːpi/ | *kut /kut/ | hotski /hotski/ | kiyé /kije/ | kɨré /kɨre/ | gokó /ɡoko/ |
| Dog | saduʼu /satɨʔɨ/ | sarii /saɾiː/ | — /—/ | pòoko /pòːko/ | tsïkï /tsɨkɨ/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ | kochí /kotʃi/ |
| Cat | mosa /mosa/ | waʔoo /waʔoː/ | — /—/ | moosa /moːsa/ | mitsu /mitsu/ | mistú /mistu/ | misí /misi/ |
| Fish | pakwi /pakʷi/ | pekwi /pekʷi/ | *paki /paki/ | pakiw /pakiw/ | kesi /kesi/ | sasa /sasa/ | rochi /rotʃi/ |
| Bird | hucipa /hutsipa/ | huutsuu /huːtsuː/ | — | tsiro /tsiro/ | wiki /wiki/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ | chulugí /tʃuluɡi/ |
| Egg | noho /noho/ | noyo /nojo/ | — | nöhu /nøhɨ/ | tawári /taˈwaɾi/ | taʼu /taʔu/ | kaʼwá /kaʔwa/ |
| Bear | padooa /pʰaɾua/ | — | — | hoonawu /hoːnawɨ/ | hutse /hutse/ | juutzeʼe /huːtseʔe/ | — |
| Horse | puku /puku/ | puuku /puːku/ | — | kawayo /kawajo/ | kawayu /kawaju/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ | kawé /kawe/ |
| House | nobi /nopi/ | kahni /kahni/ | *ki /ki/ | kiihu /kiːhɨ/ | ki /ki/ | kíh /kih/ | kalí /kali/ |
| Honey | nodda pehabe /noda pehape/ | — | — | momospala /momospala/ | xiete /ʃiete/ | sarate /saɾate/ | amoo /amoo/ |
| Salt | ongabe /oŋabe/ | — | *ona /ona/ | öönga /ʔøːŋa/ | ʼuna /ʔuna/ | unáj /unah/ | koná /kona/ |
| Eat | tɨka /tɨka/ | tʉhkarʉ /tɨhkaɾɨ/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | nöösa /nøːsa/ | kuye /kuje/ | kuá /kwa/ | koʼa /koʔa/ |
| Drink | hibi /hipi/ | hibi /hibi/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | hiiko /hiːko/ | hiʼeka /hiʔeka/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ | bahí /bahi/ |
| Sleep | ɨwi /ɨwi/ | ʉʉpʉi /ɨːpɨi/ | *koci /koci/ | puuwi /pɨːwi/ | kutsu /kutsu/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ | kochí /kotʃi/ |
| One | simɨ /simɨ/ | sʉmʉ /sɨmɨ/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | suukyaʼ /suːkjɑʔ/ | xevi /ʃevi/ | cei /tsei/ | bilé /bile/ |
| Two | waha /waha/ | waha /waha/ | *wo /wo/ | lööyöʼ /løːjøʔ/ | huta /huˈta/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ | okuá /okwa/ |
| Three | pahe /pahe/ | pahiitʉ /pahiːtɨ/ | *pahi /pahi/ | paayom /paːjom/ | haika /haika/ | waika /waika/ | bakiá /bakia/ |
| Four | wasugwe /wasuɡwe/ | — | — | naalöyöm /naːløjøm/ | nauka /nauka/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ | naó /nao/ |
| Five | manigiʼyu /maniɡiʔju/ | moʼobetʉ /moʔoˈbetɨ/ | — | tsivot /tsivot/ | auxɨwi /auʃɨwi/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ | marí /maˈɾi/ |
| Hello | maikwa /maikwa/ | marʉawe /maɾɨawe/ | — /—/ | tàlawva /tàːlawva/ | kekuanenki /kekwanenki/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ | kuira /kuiɾa/ |
| Thank you | pesa /pesa/ | ʉra /ɨɾa/ | — /—/ | askwali /ʔaskʷali/ | paʼiwakaitsie /paʔiwakaitsje/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ | matéterabá /mateteɾaba/ |
| Good | pesa /pesa/ | tsaatʉ /tsaːtɨ/ | — /—/ | hopii /hopiː/ | waxa /waʃa/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ | galá /ɡala/ |
| New | pɨdɨ /pɨtɨ/ | ʉkʉ /ɨkɨ/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | puuhu /pɨːhɨ/ | hekwa /hekʷa/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ | bukulíwami /bukuliwami/ |
| Red | atsa /atʰsa/ | ekapi /ekapi/ | — /—/ | paalangpu /paːlaŋpɨ/ | +aurawi /ʔaurawi/ | sabí /saˈbi/ | sitákame /siˈtakame/ |
| White | toha /toha/ | tosaʼ /tosaʔ/ | *tosa /tosa/ | qöötsa /qøːtsa/ | tuxame /tuʃame/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ | rosá /rosa/ |
| Black | tuhu /tuhu/ | — | — | qömvi /qømvi/ | yɨwime /jɨwime/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ | chókami /tʃokami/ |
| Green | puhi /puhi/ | — | — | sakwa /sakʷa/ | siïraïyeme /siɨraɨjeme/ | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ | siyóname /siˈjoname/ |
| Blue | puhi /puhi/ | — | — | sakwa /sakʷa/ | yuawime /juawime/ | — | siyóname /siˈjoname/ |
| Cuckoo | poboyoohaʼa /poboˈjoːhaʔa/ | — /—/ | — | hospoa /hosˈpoa/ | — | — | — |
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