Náhuatl
Guerrero Nahuatl
Uto-Aztecan
Guerrero Nahuatl is a Central Nahuan language of the Uto-Aztecan family, spoken by around 150,000 people in the Sierra Norte/La Montaña region of Guerrero state, Mexico. Linguistically, it is one of the major Modern Nahuatl varieties alongside the Huasteca varieties (nch/nhw/nhe), with distinct phonological features such as the "saltillo" glottal stop in places where Classical Nahuatl had a /h/ or /ʔ/. Guerrero Nahuatl is part of the broader Modern Nahuatl dialect continuum descended from the Postclassic Aztec lingua franca, but with significant divergence from the Central Mexican varieties. The Guerrero region was a major Aztec frontier zone where the Triple Alliance encountered the Mixtec, Tlapanec, and Amuzgo peoples, contributing to lexical and phonological diversity in modern Guerrero Nahuatl.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Guerrero Nahuatl
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Uto-Aztecan
| Meaning | Guerrero Nahuatl | Western Huasteca Nahuatl | Central Huasteca Nahuatl | Eastern Huasteca Nahuatl | Classical Nahuatl | Nawat | Isthmus Nahuatl |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | atl /atɬ/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | at /at/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ |
| Fire | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlitl /tɬitɬ/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | tit /tit/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ |
| Sun | tonajli /tonahli/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonati /tonati/ | tonatih /tonatih/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tunal /tunal/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ |
| Moon | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | metztli /metstɬi/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | metzti /meːtsti/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ |
| Star | sitlalin /siˈtɬalin/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | sitlalij /siˈtɬalih/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sital /ˈsital/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ |
| Night | yowalli /jowalːi/ | yohuali /jowali/ | youali /jowali/ | yohuali /jowali/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tayua /tajuwa/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ |
| Rain | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | kiyawit /kiˈjawit/ | quiyahuitl /kijawitɬ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | kiawit /kiawit/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ |
| Snow | nieve /ˈnjebe/ | sitlal setl /sitɬal setɬ/ | sital set /sital set/ | citlal cetl /sitɬal setɬ/ | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | — | — |
| Wind | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajakatl /ahakatɬ/ | ajacatl /ahakatɬ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | ejekat /eˈhekat/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ |
| Earth | tlajli /tɬahli/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlali /tɬali/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | tal /ˈtaːl/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ |
| Stone | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /teːtɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | tet /tet/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ |
| Mountain | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepetl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | tepet /ˈtepet/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ |
| Sea | mar /mar/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈwejatɬ/ | hueyiatl /weˈjiatɬ/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ |
| Mother | nanan /nanan/ | nana /nana/ | nana /nana/ | mama /mama/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | nan /nan/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ |
| Father | tatah /tatah/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tata /tata/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | tat /tat/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ |
| Daughter | nochpoch /ˈnotʃpotʃ/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | noichpoca /noitʃˈpoka/ | ichpōchtli /itʃpoːtʃtɬi/ | nusiwapiltzin /nusiwaˈpiltsin/ | isihua̱piltzi̱n /isiwaːpiltsiːn/ |
| I | nejua /neˈwa/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | na /na/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | naja /ˈnaha/ | nej /neh/ |
| You | tejua /teˈwa/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | ta /ta/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | taja /ˈtaha/ | tej /teh/ |
| We | tejuamej /teˈwameh/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tohuanti /toˈwanti/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | tejemet /teˈhemet/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ |
| Name | tocaitl /toˈkaitɬ/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tocaxtli /toˈkaʃtɬi/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | tukay /ˈtukaj/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ |
| Person | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | masehuali /maseˈwali/ | tlacatl /ˈtɬakatɬ/ | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | takat /ˈtakat/ | — |
| Head | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | tzontecomitl /tsonteˈkomitɬ/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | tzuntekun /tsuntekun/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ |
| Eye | ixtololo /iʃtololo/ | ixteyol /iʃtejol/ | ixtioli /iʃtioli/ | ixtiyol /iʃtijol/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | ish /iʃ/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ |
| Ear | nacas /nakas/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacastli /nakastɬi/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | nakas /nakas/ | nacas /nakas/ |
| Nose | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yakatsoli /jakatsoli/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | yak /jak/ | yacti /jakti/ |
| Mouth | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camactli /kaˈmaktɬi/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | ten /ten/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ |
| Tooth | tlan /tɬan/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlankoch /tɬankotʃ/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tan /tan/ | tanti /tanti/ |
| Tongue | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepili /nenepili/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nenepil /nenepil/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ |
| Hand | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | maitl /maitɬ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mey /mei/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ |
| Foot | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ikshi /ikʃi/ | icxi /ikʃi/ |
| Heart | yojlotl /johlotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yolotl /jolotɬ/ | yollotl /jolːotɬ/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | yulu /julu/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ |
| Bone | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | umit /umit/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ |
| Blood | yestli /jestɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | estli /estɬi/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | esti /esti/ | esti /esti/ |
| Love | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazohtla /tɬasoʔtɬa/ | tlasojtla /tɬasohtɬa/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | tasujta /tasuhta/ | quinequi /kineki/ |
| Tree | kojtli /kohtɬi/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kwawit /kʷawit/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ |
| Dog | itzcuintli /itskʷintɬi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | chichi /tʃitʃi/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | pelu /peːlu/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ |
| Cat | miston /miston/ | mizton /miston/ | misto /misto/ | mizto /misto/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistun /mistuːŋ/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ |
| Fish | michin /mitʃin/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | michin /mitʃin/ | michin /mitʃin/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ |
| Bird | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /tototɬ/ | tototl /ˈtototɬ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | tutut /tutut/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ |
| Butterfly | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | papalotl /paˈpalotɬ/ | pāpālōtl /paːpaːloːtɬ/ | papalut /papalut/ | me̱me̱ /meːmeː/ |
| Egg | totoltetl /totolˈtetɬ/ | tecsistli /teksistɬi/ | tejsistli /tehsistɬi/ | tejquistli /tehkistɬi/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | teksisti /teksisti/ | itecsis /iteksis/ |
| Bear | oso /ˈoso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | oso /oso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | tekwani metzkujkutu /teːˈkʷani metskuhkutu/ | oso /oso/ |
| Horse | caballo /kaˈbajo/ | cahuayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | kauayoj /kaˈwajoh/ | kawayoh /kaˈwaːjoh/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuayoh /kaˈwajuh/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ |
| House | kajli /kahli/ | cali /kali/ | kali /kali/ | cali /kali/ | calli /kalːi/ | kal /kal/ | cajli /kahli/ |
| Milk | leche /ˈletʃe/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | lechi /letʃi/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ |
| Honey | necutli /neˈkutɬi/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | necti /nekti/ | nectli /nektɬi/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | nekti /nekti/ | necti /nekti/ |
| Salt | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | istatl /istatɬ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | istat /istat/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ |
| Wine | vino /ˈbino/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | xocomeca at /ʃokomeka at/ | xocomeca atl /ʃokomeka atɬ/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ |
| Rice | arroz /aˈros/ | — | arroz /aˈros/ | — | — | — | arro̱j /aroːh/ |
| Chocolate | chikolatl /tʃikoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | chocolatl /tʃokoˈlatɬ/ | — | chukulat /tʃukulat/ | — |
| Iron | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepostli /tepostɬi/ | tepoztli /tepostɬi/ | tepusti /tepusti/ | tepos /tepos/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | — | seda /seda/ |
| Book | libro /ˈlibro/ | libro /ˈlibro/ | amochtli /aˈmotʃtɬi/ | amoxtli /aˈmoʃtɬi/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | amat /amat/ | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ |
| Eat | tlakua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | takwa /takwa/ | tacua /takʷa/ |
| Drink | koni /koni/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | atli /atɬi/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | ati /ati/ | a̱ti /aːti/ |
| Sleep | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /ˈkotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | kuchi /ˈkutʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ |
| One | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | ce /se/ | cē /seː/ | se /se/ | se̱ /seː/ |
| Two | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ome /ˈome/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | ume /ˈume/ | o̱me /oːme/ |
| Three | yeyi /jeji/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | eyi /ejiː/ | yei /jeːi/ | yey /jej/ | e̱yi /eːji/ |
| Four | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /nawi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nahui /naːwi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | nawi /naːwi/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ |
| Five | makuijli /makʷihli/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | makuili /maˈkʷili/ | macuili /maˈkʷili/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | makwil /maˈkʷil/ | cinco /sinko/ |
| Hundred | ciento /ˈsjento/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | cien /sjen/ | mācuīlpōhualli /maːkʷiːlpoːˈwalːi/ | tzunti /tsunti/ | cien /sjen/ |
| Hello | panolti /panolti/ | niltze /niltse/ | niltze /niltse/ | nimitzpaca /nimitspaka/ | niltze /niltse/ | ne pakua /ne pakwa/ | — /—/ |
| Thank you | tlazohcamati /tɬasoʔkamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlaskamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlascamati /tɬaskamati/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | padiush /padjuʃ/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ |
| Good | kuajli /kʷahli/ | cuali /kʷali/ | kuali /kʷali/ | cuali /kʷali/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | yek /jeːk/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ |
| New | yencuic /ˈjenkʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /ˈjankʷik/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | yankwik /jaŋkʷik/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ |
| Red | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltik /tʃitʃiltik/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | chiltik /tʃiltik/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ |
| White | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | istak /istak/ | chipahuac /tʃipawak/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | istak /istak/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ |
| Black | capotztic /kaˈpotstik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | yayahuic /jaˈjawik/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | tiltik /tiltik/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ |
| Green | xoxojki /ʃoˈʃohki/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxohuic /ʃoˈʃowik/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | shushuwik /ʃuʃuwik/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ |
| Blue | azul /aˈsul/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | azultic /aˈsultik/ | — | — | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ |
| Computer | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | — | nepōhualtzintzin /nepoːwalˈtsintsin/ | — | — |
| Tea | té /te/ | — | té /te/ | — | — | — | — |
| Coffee | café /kaˈfe/ | — | kafej /kafeh/ | cafe /kafe/ | — | — | capej /kapeh/ |
| Sugar | azúcar /aˈsukar/ | — | chanchaka /tʃantʃaka/ | tzopelictli /tsopeliktɬi/ | — | — | — |
| Orange | naranja /naˈranxa/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | lalax /ˈlalaːʃ/ | alaxox /ˈalaʃoːʃ/ | — | — | — |
| Ninety-nine | napoajli huan majtlactli huan chicnahui /napoahli wan mahtɬaktɬi wan tʃiknawi/ | — | — | — | nāppōhualli oncaxtōlli onnāhui /naːpːoːˈwalːi onkaʃˈtoːlːi onˈnaːwi/ | — | — |
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