Hopílavayi
Hopi
Uto-Aztecan
Hopi (Hopílavayi; ISO 639-3: hop) is a Uto-Aztecan language spoken by roughly 5,000–7,100 people in villages on and around the three mesas of the Hopi Reservation in northeastern Arizona, United States. It has several village varieties associated with the First, Second, and Third Mesas; the Third Mesa variety is especially well documented in the 30,000-entry Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni dictionary. Hopi normally places the verb at the end of the clause, and its rich system of suffixes marks aspect, number, direction, and other grammatical categories. Its Latin-based practical alphabet distinguishes long and short vowels and writes the glottal stop with an apostrophe. Intergenerational transmission has weakened, but schools, community classes, dictionaries, and locally produced teaching materials support continued use and revitalization.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Hopi
Sources
- Hopi Dictionary Project (1998), Hopi Dictionary / Hopìikwa Lavàytutuveni: A Hopi-English Dictionary of the Third Mesa Dialect, University of Arizona Press (via en.wiktionary Hopi lemmas citing it); Albert, Roy & David Leedom Shaul (1985), A Concise Hopi and English Lexicon, John Benjamins
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Uto-Aztecan
| Meaning | Hopi | Proto-Uto-Aztecan | Comanche | Northern Paiute | Isthmus Nahuatl | Classical Nahuatl | Cora |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | paahu /paːhɨ/ | *paʔ /paʔ/ | paa /paː/ | paa /paː/ | a̱ꞌti /aːʔti/ | ātl /aːtɬ/ | hapɨn /hapɨn/ |
| Fire | qööhi /qøːhi/ | *na- /na/ | kuuna /kuːna/ | kosso /kosːo/ | tiꞌti /tiʔti/ | tlētl /tɬeːtɬ/ | taʼai /taʔai/ |
| Sun | taawa /tɑːwɑ/ | *ta /ta/ | taabe /taːbe/ | taba /tapa/ | to̱nati̱ꞌ /toːnatiːʔ/ | tōnatiuh /toːnatiw/ | tahaapuá /tahaːpwa/ |
| Moon | muuyaw /muːjɑw/ | *mɨca /mɨca/ | mʉa /mɨa/ | muha /mɨha/ | me̱tzti /meːtsti/ | mētztli /meːtstɬi/ | mɨhka /mɨhka/ |
| Star | soohu /soːhɨ/ | — /—/ | tatsinuupi /tatsinuːpi/ | pasohoobʉ /pasohoːbɨ/ | si̱talin /siːtalin/ | cītlālin /siːˈtɬaːlin/ | sɨɨrabe /sɨːˈrabe/ |
| Night | tookila /toːkila/ | *tuku /tuku/ | tukaani /tukaːni/ | tukano /tukano/ | yóhual /ˈjowal/ | yohualli /joːwalːi/ | tika /tika/ |
| Rain | yooyangw /joːjaŋʷ/ | *yuku /juku/ | ʉmaarʉ /ɨmaːɾɨ/ | paumaba /paumapa/ | tiahua̱ꞌ /tiawaːʔ/ | quiyahuitl /kiˈjawitɬ/ | biite /biːte/ |
| Snow | nuva /nɨva/ | — | tahkabi /tahkabi/ | nɨbabi /nɨpapi/ | — | cepayahuitl /sepaˈjawitɬ/ | seeri /seːɾi/ |
| Wind | hùukyangw /hùːkjaŋʷ/ | *hɨka /hɨka/ | nʉepi /nɨepi/ | hɨkwaba /hɨkʷapa/ | ejecaꞌ /ehekaʔ/ | ehecatl /eˈhekatɬ/ | eeca /eːka/ |
| Earth | tutskwa /ˈtɨtskʷa/ | — | sokobi /sokobi/ | tiipü /tiːpɨ/ | ta̱jli /taːhli/ | tlālli /tɬaːlːi/ | chuej /tʃweh/ |
| Stone | owa /ˈʔowa/ | *tɨn /tɨn/ | tʉpi /tɨpi/ | tɨppi /tɨpːi/ | teꞌti /teʔti/ | tetl /tetɬ/ | teté /teˈte/ |
| Mountain | tuukwi /tɨːkʷi/ | — | — | kaipa /kaipa/ | tepe̱ꞌ /tepeːʔ/ | tepētl /ˈtepeːtɬ/ | jɨrí /hɨˈri/ |
| Sea | paatuwaqatsi /paːtɨwaqatsi/ | *mɨma /mɨma/ | — | — | láma̱r /ˈlamaːr/ | hueyatl /ˈweːjaːtɬ/ | muájete /mwaˈhete/ |
| Mother | yuʼat /juʔɑt/ | — /—/ | pia /pia/ | pia /pia/ | te̱ye̱ꞌ /teːjeːʔ/ | nāntli /naːntɬi/ | naana /naːna/ |
| Father | naʼat /nɑʔɑt/ | — /—/ | ahpʉ /ahpɨ/ | naa /naː/ | te̱taj /teːtah/ | tahtli /tahtɬi/ | hahuá /hahwa/ |
| I | nuʼ /nɨʔ/ | *nɨ /nɨ/ | nʉ /nɨ/ | nʉʉ /nɨː/ | nej /neh/ | nehhuātl /neʔˈwaːtɬ/ | neʼu /ˈneʔu/ |
| You | um /ʔɨm/ | *ʔɨ /ʔɨ/ | ʉnʉ /ɨnɨ/ | ʉʉ /ɨː/ | tej /teh/ | tehhuātl /teʔˈwaːtɬ/ | aʼu /ˈaʔu/ |
| We | itam /ʔitam/ | — /—/ | tanʉ / nʉnʉ /tanɨ / nɨnɨ/ | tami / nʉmi /tami / nɨmi/ | tejame̱n / nejame̱n /tehameːn / nehameːn/ | tehhuāntin /teʔˈwaːntin/ | ta /ta/ |
| Name | tungwni /tɨŋʷni/ | *tewa /tewa/ | nahnia /nahnia/ | nia /niʔa/ | to̱ca̱ꞌ /toːkaːʔ/ | tōcāitl /toːˈkaːitɬ/ | yeuwa /ˈjeuwa/ |
| Person | sino /sino/ | — | nʉmʉ /ˈnɨmɨ/ | nɨmɨ /nɨmɨ/ | — | tlācatl /tɬaːkatɬ/ | tebi /tebi/ |
| Head | qötö /qøtø/ | *moʔo /moʔo/ | paapi /paːpi/ | kwo /kʷo/ | tzontecon /tsontekon/ | cuāitl /kʷaːitɬ/ | muʼú /muˈʔu/ |
| Eye | poosi /poːsi/ | *pusi /pusi/ | puui /puːi/ | pui /pui/ | i̱xti /iːʃti/ | īxtli /iːʃtɬi/ | húi /hwi/ |
| Ear | naqvu /naqvɨ/ | *naka /naka/ | naki /naki/ | naka /naka/ | nacas /nakas/ | nacaztli /nakastɬi/ | naxai /naʃai/ |
| Nose | yaqa /jaqa/ | *yaka /jaka/ | — | mupi /muβi/ | yacti /jakti/ | yacatl /jakatɬ/ | tzúʼuri /ˈtsuʔuri/ |
| Mouth | moʼa /moʔa/ | *tɨʔni /tɨʔni/ | tʉpe /tɨpe/ | tɨppa /tɨpːa/ | te̱nti /teːnti/ | camatl /kamatɬ/ | teni /teni/ |
| Tooth | tama /tama/ | *tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tama /tama/ | tanti /tanti/ | tlantli /tɬantɬi/ | tame /tame/ |
| Tongue | lengi /leŋi/ | *nene /nene/ | eeko /eːko/ | eho /exo/ | le̱nguaj /leːnɡʷah/ | nenepilli /nenepilːi/ | nanu /nanu/ |
| Hand | maaʼt /mɑːʔt/ | *maʔ /maʔ/ | moʼo /moʔo/ | mai /mai/ | mayiꞌ /majiʔ/ | māitl /maːitɬ/ | mam /mam/ |
| Foot | kukʼat /kukʔat/ | *tala /tala/ | naape /naːpe/ | kuku /kuku/ | icxi /ikʃi/ | icxitl /ikʃitɬ/ | ɨɨka /ɨːka/ |
| Heart | unangwa /ʔunaŋʷa/ | *sula /sula/ | pihi /pihi/ | piwi /piwi/ | iya̱lmaj /ijaːlmah/ | yōllōtl /joːlːoːtɬ/ | hɨurí /hɨuri/ |
| Bone | öqa /ʔøqa/ | *ohomï-ta /ohomɨta/ | tsuhnipʉ /tsuhnipɨ/ | oho /oho/ | omiꞌ /omiʔ/ | omitl /omitɬ/ | ɨka /ɨka/ |
| Blood | ungwa /ʔuŋʷa/ | *ɨtwa /ɨtwa/ | — /—/ | puupe /pɨːpːi/ | esti /esti/ | eztli /esˈtɬi/ | xuuri /ʃuːɾi/ |
| Love | — /—/ | — /—/ | — /—/ | suabetɨ /suapetɨ/ | quinequi /kineki/ | tlazōhtla /tɬasoːhtɬa/ | kaʼna /kaʔna/ |
| Tree | hotski /hotski/ | *kut /kut/ | huupi /huːpi/ | hupi /hupi/ | cuahuiꞌ /kʷawiʔ/ | cuahuitl /kʷawitɬ/ | kɨré /kɨre/ |
| Dog | pòoko /pòːko/ | — /—/ | sarii /saɾiː/ | saduʼu /satɨʔɨ/ | pe̱lo /peːlo/ | itzcuīntli /itskʷiːntɬi/ | tsɨʼɨ /tsɨʔɨ/ |
| Cat | moosa /moːsa/ | — /—/ | waʔoo /waʔoː/ | mosa /mosa/ | misto̱n /mistoːn/ | mīztōn /miːstoːn/ | mistú /mistu/ |
| Fish | pakiw /pakiw/ | *paki /paki/ | pekwi /pekʷi/ | pakwi /pakʷi/ | to̱poj /toːpoh/ | michin /mitʃin/ | sasa /sasa/ |
| Bird | tsiro /tsiro/ | — | huutsuu /huːtsuː/ | hucipa /hutsipa/ | to̱to̱ꞌ /toːtoːʔ/ | tōtōtl /toːtoːtɬ/ | pinaʼa /ˈpinaʔa/ |
| Egg | nöhu /nøhɨ/ | — | noyo /nojo/ | noho /noho/ | itecsis /iteksis/ | tōtoltetl /toːtoltetɬ/ | taʼu /taʔu/ |
| Bear | hoonawu /hoːnawɨ/ | — | — | padooa /pʰaɾua/ | oso /oso/ | tlācamāyeh /tɬaːkamaːjeʔ/ | juutzeʼe /huːtseʔe/ |
| Horse | kawayo /kawajo/ | — | puuku /puːku/ | puku /puku/ | cahua̱yoj /kaˈwaːjoh/ | cahuallo /kaˈwaːlːo/ | cahuaáyuʼu /kawaˈajuʔu/ |
| House | kiihu /kiːhɨ/ | *ki /ki/ | kahni /kahni/ | nobi /nopi/ | cajli /kahli/ | calli /kalːi/ | kíh /kih/ |
| Milk | piihu /piːhɨ/ | — | — | — | chi̱chihuala̱ꞌ /tʃiːtʃiwalaːʔ/ | chīchīhualāyōtl /tʃiːtʃiːwalaːjoːtɬ/ | léechi /ˈleːtʃi/ |
| Honey | momospala /momospala/ | — | — | nodda pehabe /noda pehape/ | necti /nekti/ | neuctli /nekʷtɬi/ | sarate /saɾate/ |
| Salt | öönga /ʔøːŋa/ | *ona /ona/ | — | ongabe /oŋabe/ | istaꞌ /istaʔ/ | iztatl /istatɬ/ | unáj /unah/ |
| Wine | ovavala /ʔovavala/ | — | — | — | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | viinu /ˈbiːnu/ |
| Rice | aamori /aːmori/ | — | — | — | arro̱j /aroːh/ | — | — |
| Wheel | ngöla /ŋøla/ | — | — | — | — | temalacatl /temalakatɬ/ | — |
| Book | tutuveni /tɨtɨveni/ | — | — | — | a̱maꞌ /aːmaʔ/ | āmoxtli /aːˈmoʃtɬi/ | liibru /ˈliːbɾu/ |
| Eat | nöösa /nøːsa/ | *kwaʔa /kwaʔa/ | tʉhkarʉ /tɨhkaɾɨ/ | tɨka /tɨka/ | tacua /takʷa/ | tlacua /tɬakʷa/ | kuá /kwa/ |
| Drink | hiiko /hiːko/ | *hiʔpa /hiʔpa/ | hibi /hibi/ | hibi /hipi/ | a̱ti /aːti/ | ātli /aːtɬi/ | hiʼi /hiʔi/ |
| Sleep | puuwi /pɨːwi/ | *koci /koci/ | ʉʉpʉi /ɨːpɨi/ | ɨwi /ɨwi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | cochi /kotʃi/ | cutzú /kuˈtsu/ |
| One | suukyaʼ /suːkjɑʔ/ | *sɨmɨ /sɨmɨ/ | sʉmʉ /sɨmɨ/ | simɨ /simɨ/ | se̱ /seː/ | cē /seː/ | cei /tsei/ |
| Two | lööyöʼ /løːjøʔ/ | *wo /wo/ | waha /waha/ | waha /waha/ | o̱me /oːme/ | ōme /ˈoːme/ | huapoa /waˈpoa/ |
| Three | paayom /paːjom/ | *pahi /pahi/ | pahiitʉ /pahiːtɨ/ | pahe /pahe/ | e̱yi /eːji/ | yei /jeːi/ | waika /waika/ |
| Four | naalöyöm /naːløjøm/ | — | — | wasugwe /wasuɡwe/ | na̱hui /naːwi/ | nāhui /naːwi/ | muaacua /mwaːkwa/ |
| Five | tsivot /tsivot/ | — | moʼobetʉ /moʔoˈbetɨ/ | manigiʼyu /maniɡiʔju/ | cinco /sinko/ | mācuīlli /maːˈkʷiːlːi/ | ansɨbi /ansɨbi/ |
| Hello | tàlawva /tàːlawva/ | — /—/ | marʉawe /maɾɨawe/ | maikwa /maikwa/ | — /—/ | niltze /niltse/ | keʼkuanenki /keʔkwanenki/ |
| Thank you | askwali /ʔaskʷali/ | — /—/ | ʉra /ɨɾa/ | pesa /pesa/ | gracias /ɡrasjas/ | tlazōhcāmati /tɬasoːhkaːmati/ | atsipiraá /atsipiraː/ |
| Good | hopii /hopiː/ | — /—/ | tsaatʉ /tsaːtɨ/ | pesa /pesa/ | ye̱cti /jeːkti/ | cualli /kʷalːi/ | huáʼi /hwaʔi/ |
| New | puuhu /pɨːhɨ/ | *pɨtuwa /pɨtuwa/ | ʉkʉ /ɨkɨ/ | pɨdɨ /pɨtɨ/ | yancuiꞌ /jankʷiʔ/ | yancuic /jankʷik/ | jéjcua /ˈhehkwa/ |
| Red | paalangpu /paːlaŋpɨ/ | — /—/ | ekapi /ekapi/ | atsa /atʰsa/ | chi̱ltiꞌ /tʃiːltiʔ/ | chichiltic /tʃitʃiltik/ | sabí /saˈbi/ |
| White | qöötsa /qøːtsa/ | *tosa /tosa/ | tosaʼ /tosaʔ/ | toha /toha/ | ista̱ꞌ /istaːʔ/ | iztāc /istaːk/ | cuaiina /kʷaiˈina/ |
| Black | qömvi /qømvi/ | — | — | tuhu /tuhu/ | pi̱stiꞌ /piːstiʔ/ | tlīltic /tɬiːltik/ | súʼumuaraʼa /suʔumwaɾaʔa/ |
| Green | sakwa /sakʷa/ | — | — | puhi /puhi/ | xoxoctiꞌ /ʃoʃoktiʔ/ | xoxoctic /ʃoʃoktik/ | jamuámua /haˈmwamwa/ |
| Blue | sakwa /sakʷa/ | — | — | puhi /puhi/ | aso̱ltiꞌ /asoːltiʔ/ | — | — |
| Cuckoo | hospoa /hosˈpoa/ | — | — /—/ | poboyoohaʼa /poboˈjoːhaʔa/ | — | metlapīltetzotzontzin /metɬapiːltetsotsoˈtsontsin/ | — |
| Tea | nàapi /nàːpi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Orange | olentsi /ʔolentsi/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
Page 1/9
Open the interactive map: Word Map · HanMap · Name Map · Word Order · Tree
Part of LangMap — a linguistic visualization project. This is a static, crawlable summary; the interactive maps offer pronunciation audio, filters, and a globe view.
Made by Heuron Inc. · GitHub · cho@heuron.com · LangMap home