Qhichwa
Cusco Quechua
Quechuan (Southern, Cuzco-Collao)
Cusco Quechua is the prestige variety of Southern Quechua, originating in the Cuzco region of Peru — the historical capital of the Inca Empire. ~1.5M speakers in Cusco, Apurímac, and parts of Puno. Distinguished by aspirated and ejective consonant series (/p pʰ p'/) acquired through Aymara contact, lost in other Quechua varieties. Co-official language of Peru since 1975. Standardized 5-vowel orthography (since 1985) replaces older Spanish-influenced 3-vowel writing. Strong revitalization through INC-Cusco and intercultural-bilingual education.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Cusco Quechua
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Quechuan (Southern, Cuzco-Collao)
| Meaning | Cusco Quechua | Ayacucho Quechua | Classical Quechua | Quechua | Aymara | Jaqaru | Papiamento |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | unu /unu/ | yaku /jaku/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | awa /awa/ |
| Fire | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | kandela /kandela/ |
| Sun | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | solo /solo/ |
| Moon | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | luna /luna/ |
| Star | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /qojʎur/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | strea /ˈstrea/ |
| Night | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | nochi /ˈnotʃi/ |
| Rain | para /ˈpara/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /para/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jallu /haʎu/ | yobida /jobida/ |
| Snow | ritʼi /ritʼi/ | rasu /ɾasu/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | sneu /sneu/ |
| Wind | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajra/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wawya /wawja/ | bientu /ˈbjentu/ |
| Earth | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | — | tera /teɾa/ |
| Stone | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /rumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | qala /ˈqala/ | qala /qala/ | piedra /ˈpjedra/ |
| Mountain | urqu /urqu/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | urqu /orqo/ | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ | qullu /quʎu/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | seru /ˈseru/ |
| Sea | mama qucha /mama qutʃa/ | lamar qucha /lamaɾ qutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qotʃa/ | mama qucha /mama ˈqutʃa/ | lamara /lamara/ | — | laman /laˈman/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | yaya /jaja/ | tayta /tajta/ | tata /tata/ | awki /awki/ | tata /tata/ |
| Daughter | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /ususi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | — | yu muhé /ju muhe/ |
| I | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | naya /naja/ | na /na/ | mi /mi/ |
| You | qan /qan/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | juma /xuma/ | juma /huma/ | bo /bo/ |
| We | ñuqanchis / ñuqayku /ɲoˈqantʃis / ɲoˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲoqantʃik / ɲoqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | nos /nos/ |
| Name | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | nòmber /ˈnɔmbər/ |
| Person | runa /runa/ | runa /ɾuna/ | runa /runa/ | runa /ˈɾuna/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | jaqi /haqi/ | hende /ˈhende/ |
| Head | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /ˈuma/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | kabes /kaˈbes/ |
| Eye | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | wowo /wowo/ |
| Ear | rinri /rinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /ɾinri/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | orea /oˈɾea/ |
| Nose | sinqa /ˈsɛnqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /siŋqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | nanishi /naˈniʃi/ |
| Mouth | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /ˈsimi/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | — | boka /ˈboka/ |
| Tooth | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | djente /ˈdʒente/ |
| Tongue | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | laxra /laχra/ | naxra /naχra/ | lenga /ˈleŋɡa/ |
| Hand | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | man /man/ |
| Foot | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pia /pia/ |
| Heart | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | kurason /kurason/ |
| Bone | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | wesu /ˈwesu/ |
| Blood | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | sanger /ˈsaŋɡer/ |
| Poop | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /ˈaka/ | aka /aka/ | jama /xama/ | — | kaka /kaka/ |
| Love | munay /munaj/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | amor /amor/ |
| Tree | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | quqa /quqa/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | palu /palu/ |
| Dog | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | anu /anu/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | kacho /katʃo/ |
| Cat | misi /misi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | pushi /puʃi/ |
| Fish | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | piská /pisˈka/ |
| Bird | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | para /ˈpara/ |
| Butterfly | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | — | barbulètè /barbuˈlɛtɛ/ |
| Egg | runtu /runtu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | webu /ˈwebu/ |
| Bear | ukuku /ukuku/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — | ber /ber/ |
| Horse | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | kaballu /kabaʎu/ | — | kawallu /kaˈwaʎu/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | — | kabai /kaˈbai/ |
| House | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | kas /kas/ |
| Milk | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | ñukñu /ɲukɲu/ | lichi /ˈlitʃi/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | — | lechi /ˈletʃi/ |
| Honey | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miski /miski/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | — | miel /mjɛl/ |
| Salt | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /katʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | katyi /kaci/ | salu /salu/ |
| Wine | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /vino/ | — | biña /ˈbiɲa/ |
| Rice | arus /arus/ | arus /ˈaɾus/ | — | arus /ˈaɾus/ | arusa /aɾusa/ | — | aros /aˈros/ |
| Chocolate | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ |
| Iron | fierro /ˈfjero/ | fierro /ˈfjeɾo/ | — | qʼillay /ˈqʼiʎaj/ | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | heru /ˈheru/ |
| Wheel | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | — | rueda /ɾweda/ | rueda /ɾweda/ | — | wiel /wil/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ |
| Book | liwru /liwru/ | libru /libɾu/ | — | liwru /ˈliwɾu/ | panka /panka/ | — | buki /ˈbuki/ |
| Eat | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | kome /kome/ |
| Drink | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | bebe /bebe/ |
| Sleep | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | drumi /ˈdrumi/ |
| One | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | un /un/ |
| Two | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /iskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | paya /paja/ | paxa /paχa/ | dos /dos/ |
| Three | kinsa /kinsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | tres /tres/ |
| Four | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | pusi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | kuater /ˈkwater/ |
| Five | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | sinku /ˈsiŋku/ |
| Hundred | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | shen /ʃen/ |
| Hello | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | bon dia /bon dia/ |
| Thank you | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | danki /daŋki/ |
| Good | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | suma /suma/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | bon /bon/ |
| New | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /mosoq/ | musuq /ˈmusuq/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | nobo /ˈnobo/ |
| Red | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | wila /wila/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | kòrá /kɔˈra/ |
| White | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /juraq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | blanku /ˈblaŋku/ |
| Black | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | pretu /ˈpretu/ |
| Green | qʼumir /qʼumir/ | qumir /qumiɾ/ | qumir /qomir/ | qʼomer /qʼomeɾ/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | bèrdè /ˈbɛrdɛ/ |
| Blue | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | — | anqas /aŋqas/ | larama /laɾama/ | — | blou /blou/ |
| Computer | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | computadora /komputaˈdoɾa/ | yupana /juˈpana/ | antañiqiq /antaɲiqiq/ | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | — | kòmpiuter /kɔmpjuter/ |
| Tea | tiy /tij/ | tiy /tij/ | — | tiy /tij/ | — | — | té /te/ |
| Coffee | kaphiy /kapʰij/ | — | — | kaphiy /kapʰij/ | café /kafe/ | — | kòfi /ˈkɔfi/ |
| Sugar | asukar /aˈsukar/ | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | — | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | azúcar /asukar/ | — | suku /ˈsuku/ |
| Ninety-nine | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /ˈisqun ˈtʃunka isqunniˈjuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | llätunka tunka llätunkani /ʎaːtunka tunka ʎaːtunkani/ | — | nobent'i nuebe /nobenti nwebe/ |
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