Runasimi
Quechua
Quechuan
Quechua (ISO 639-3 macrolanguage code: que) is a family or continuum of related languages spoken across the Andes from southern Colombia and Ecuador through Peru and Bolivia into northern Argentina and Chile. Forms—including Ecuadorian Kichwa, central Peruvian varieties, and Southern Quechua—can differ enough to limit mutual intelligibility, so Quechua is not one uniform language and “Runa Simi” is not used everywhere. Quechuan varieties expanded before and during the Inca Empire and were later used as colonial lenguas generales, but their history is more complex than descent from a Cuzco standard. They are generally agglutinative and suffixing, favor subject–object–verb order, and often mark evidential or information-source distinctions, with details varying by branch. Latin-based orthographies and official recognition differ by country: Peru recognizes Quechua where predominant, Bolivia includes it among official Indigenous languages, and Ecuador grants Kichwa official status for intercultural relations.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Quechua
Sources
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Quechuan
| Meaning | Quechua | Ayacucho Quechua | Cusco Quechua | Classical Quechua | Aymara | Jaqaru | Papiamento |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | yaku /jaku/ | yaku /jaku/ | unu /unu/ | unu /unu/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | awa /awa/ |
| Fire | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | nina /nina/ | kandela /kandela/ |
| Sun | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | inti /inti/ | solo /solo/ |
| Moon | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | killa /kiʎa/ | phaxsi /pʰaχsi/ | paxshi /paχʃi/ | luna /luna/ |
| Star | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /ˈqujʎuɾ/ | quyllur /ˈqojʎur/ | quyllur /qojʎur/ | warawara /waɾawaɾa/ | waraxa /waɾaχa/ | strea /ˈstrea/ |
| Night | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | tuta /tuta/ | aruma /aruma/ | aruma /aruma/ | nochi /ˈnotʃi/ |
| Rain | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /ˈpaɾa/ | para /ˈpara/ | para /para/ | jallu /ˈxaʎu/ | jallu /haʎu/ | yobida /jobida/ |
| Snow | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | rasu /ɾasu/ | ritʼi /ritʼi/ | ritʼi /ɾitʼi/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | khunu /kʰunu/ | sneu /sneu/ |
| Wind | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajɾa/ | wayra /ˈwajra/ | thaya /ˈtʰaja/ | wawya /wawja/ | bientu /ˈbjentu/ |
| Earth | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /aʎpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | allpa /alʲpa/ | uraqi /uɾaqi/ | — | tera /teɾa/ |
| Stone | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /ˈɾumi/ | rumi /rumi/ | qala /ˈqala/ | qala /qala/ | piedra /ˈpjedra/ |
| Mountain | urqu /ˈuɾqu/ | urqu /uɾqu/ | urqu /urqu/ | urqu /orqo/ | qullu /quʎu/ | qaaqa /qaːqa/ | seru /ˈseru/ |
| Sea | mama qucha /mama ˈqutʃa/ | lamar qucha /lamaɾ qutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qutʃa/ | mama qucha /mama qotʃa/ | lamara /lamara/ | — | laman /laˈman/ |
| Mother | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ | mama /mama/ |
| Father | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | tayta /tajta/ | yaya /jaja/ | tata /tata/ | awki /awki/ | tata /tata/ |
| Daughter | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /uˈsusi/ | ususi /ususi/ | phucha /pʰutʃa/ | — | yu muhé /ju muhe/ |
| I | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲuqa/ | ñuqa /ˈɲoqa/ | ñuqa /ɲoqa/ | naya /naja/ | na /na/ | mi /mi/ |
| You | qam /qam/ | qam /qam/ | qan /qan/ | qam /qam/ | juma /xuma/ | juma /huma/ | bo /bo/ |
| We | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲuˈqantʃik / ɲuˈqajku/ | ñuqanchis / ñuqayku /ɲoˈqantʃis / ɲoˈqajku/ | ñuqanchik / ñuqayku /ɲoqantʃik / ɲoqajku/ | jiwasa / nanaka /xiwasa / nanaka/ | jiwsa /hiwsa/ | nos /nos/ |
| Name | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /ˈsuti/ | suti /suti/ | suti /suti/ | shutyi /ʃuci/ | nòmber /ˈnɔmbər/ |
| Person | runa /ˈɾuna/ | runa /ɾuna/ | runa /runa/ | runa /runa/ | jaqi /xaqi/ | jaqi /haqi/ | hende /ˈhende/ |
| Head | uma /ˈuma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | uma /uma/ | pʼiqi /pʼiqi/ | nampʼa /nampʼa/ | kabes /kaˈbes/ |
| Eye | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | ñawi /ɲawi/ | nayra /najɾa/ | nayra /najɾa/ | wowo /wowo/ |
| Ear | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /ɾinɾi/ | rinri /rinri/ | rinri /ɾinri/ | jinchu /xintʃu/ | jinchu /hintʃu/ | orea /oˈɾea/ |
| Nose | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /ˈsinqa/ | sinqa /ˈsɛnqa/ | sinqa /siŋqa/ | nasa /ˈnasa/ | nasa /nasa/ | nanishi /naˈniʃi/ |
| Mouth | simi /ˈsimi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | simi /simi/ | laka /ˈlaka/ | — | boka /ˈboka/ |
| Tooth | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | kiru /kiɾu/ | lakʼa /lakʼa/ | shimi /ʃimi/ | djente /ˈdʒente/ |
| Tongue | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | qallu /qaʎu/ | laxra /laχra/ | naxra /naχra/ | lenga /ˈleŋɡa/ |
| Hand | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | maki /maki/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | ampara /ampaɾa/ | man /man/ |
| Foot | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | chaki /tʃaki/ | kayu /kaju/ | kayu /kaju/ | pia /pia/ |
| Heart | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | sunqu /suŋqu/ | chuyma /tʃujma/ | kurasunha /kuɾasunha/ | kurason /kurason/ |
| Bone | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | tullu /tuʎu/ | chʼakha /tʃʼakʰa/ | tsʼaaka /tsʼaːka/ | wesu /ˈwesu/ |
| Blood | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawaɾ/ | yawar /jawar/ | yawar /jawar/ | wila /wila/ | wila /wila/ | sanger /ˈsaŋɡer/ |
| Poop | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /aka/ | aka /ˈaka/ | jama /xama/ | — | kaka /kaka/ |
| Love | munay /munaj/ | kuyay /kujaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munay /munaj/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | munasiña /munasiɲa/ | amor /amor/ |
| Tree | sacha /satʃa/ | sacha /satʃa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | sachʼa /satʃʼa/ | quqa /quqa/ | arbuli /aɾbuli/ | palu /palu/ |
| Dog | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | allqu /aʎqu/ | anu /anu/ | hallqʼu /haʎqʼu/ | kacho /katʃo/ |
| Cat | misi /misi/ | michi /mitʃi/ | misi /misi/ | misi /misi/ | phisi /pʰisi/ | phishi /pʰiʃi/ | pushi /puʃi/ |
| Fish | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | challwa /tʃaʎwa/ | piská /pisˈka/ |
| Bird | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | pisqu /pisqu/ | jamachʼi /xamatʃʼi/ | chʼipi /tʃʼipi/ | para /ˈpara/ |
| Butterfly | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pillpintu /piʎpintu/ | pilpintu /pilpintu/ | — | barbulètè /barbuˈlɛtɛ/ |
| Egg | runtu /ˈɾuntu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | runtu /runtu/ | runtu /ɾuntu/ | kʼawna /kʼawna/ | nuru /nuɾu/ | webu /ˈwebu/ |
| Bear | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | ukuku /ukuku/ | ukumari /ukumaɾi/ | jukumari /xukumaɾi/ | — | ber /ber/ |
| Horse | kawallu /kaˈwaʎu/ | kaballu /kabaʎu/ | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | — | kawallu /kawaʎu/ | — | kabai /kaˈbai/ |
| House | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | wasi /wasi/ | uta /uta/ | uta /uta/ | kas /kas/ |
| Milk | lichi /ˈlitʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | lichi /litʃi/ | ñukñu /ɲukɲu/ | millkʼi /miʎkʼi/ | — | lechi /ˈletʃi/ |
| Honey | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miski /miski/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | miskʼi /miskʼi/ | — | miel /mjɛl/ |
| Salt | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /ˈkatʃi/ | kachi /katʃi/ | jayu /ˈxaju/ | katyi /kaci/ | salu /salu/ |
| Wine | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | vino /ˈbino/ | — | vino /vino/ | — | biña /ˈbiɲa/ |
| Rice | arus /ˈaɾus/ | arus /ˈaɾus/ | arus /arus/ | — | arusa /aɾusa/ | — | aros /aˈros/ |
| Chocolate | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ | — | chukulati /tʃukuˈlati/ |
| Iron | qʼillay /ˈqʼiʎaj/ | fierro /ˈfjeɾo/ | fierro /ˈfjero/ | — | qillaya /qiʎaja/ | — | heru /ˈheru/ |
| Wheel | rueda /ɾweda/ | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | rueda /ˈɾweda/ | — | rueda /ɾweda/ | — | wiel /wil/ |
| Silk | seda /ˈseda/ | seda /seda/ | seda /ˈseda/ | — | seda /seda/ | — | seda /ˈseda/ |
| Book | liwru /ˈliwɾu/ | libru /libɾu/ | liwru /liwru/ | — | panka /panka/ | — | buki /ˈbuki/ |
| Eat | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikuy /mikuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | mikhuy /mikʰuj/ | manqʼaña /manqʼaɲa/ | paluña /paluɲa/ | kome /kome/ |
| Drink | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | upyay /upjaj/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | umaña /umaɲa/ | bebe /bebe/ |
| Sleep | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puˈɲuj/ | puñuy /puɲuj/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | ikiña /iˈkiɲa/ | drumi /ˈdrumi/ |
| One | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | huk /huk/ | maya /maja/ | maya /maja/ | un /un/ |
| Two | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /ˈiskaj/ | iskay /iskaj/ | paya /paja/ | paxa /paχa/ | dos /dos/ |
| Three | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kinsa /kinsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | kimsa /kimsa/ | tres /tres/ |
| Four | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | tawa /tawa/ | pusi /pusi/ | pushi /puʃi/ | kuater /ˈkwater/ |
| Five | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /ˈpitʃqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | phisqa /ˈpʰisqa/ | pichqa /pitʃqa/ | sinku /ˈsiŋku/ |
| Hundred | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pachak /ˈpatʃak/ | pachak /patʃak/ | pataka /pataka/ | pachak /patʃak/ | shen /ʃen/ |
| Hello | allillanchu /aʎiʎantʃu/ | napaykullayki /napajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | rimaykullayki /rimajkuʎajki/ | kamisaki /kamisaki/ | kamishti /kamiʃti/ | bon dia /bon dia/ |
| Thank you | sulpayki /sulpajki/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | añay /aɲaj/ | yuspagara /juspaɣaɾa/ | yuspaa /juspaː/ | danki /daŋki/ |
| Good | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | allin /aʎin/ | suma /suma/ | shuma /ʃuma/ | bon /bon/ |
| New | musuq /ˈmusuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /musuq/ | musuq /mosoq/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | machaqa /matʃaqa/ | nobo /ˈnobo/ |
| Red | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | puka /puka/ | wila /wila/ | chukapa /tʃukapa/ | kòrá /kɔˈra/ |
| White | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /ˈjuɾaq/ | yuraq /juraq/ | janqʼu /ˈxaɴqʼu/ | janqʼu /hanqʼu/ | blanku /ˈblaŋku/ |
| Black | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | yana /jana/ | chʼiyara /tʃʼijara/ | tsʼirara /tsʼiɾaɾa/ | pretu /ˈpretu/ |
| Green | qʼomer /qʼomeɾ/ | qumir /qumiɾ/ | qʼumir /qʼumir/ | qumir /qomir/ | chʼuxña /tʃʼuxɲa/ | — | bèrdè /ˈbɛrdɛ/ |
| Blue | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | anqas /aŋqas/ | — | larama /laɾama/ | — | blou /blou/ |
| Cuckoo | chikwan /ˈtʃikwan/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Computer | antañiqiq /antaɲiqiq/ | computadora /komputaˈdoɾa/ | computadora /komputaˈdora/ | yupana /juˈpana/ | atamiri /atamiɾi/ | — | kòmpiuter /kɔmpjuter/ |
| Tea | tiy /tij/ | tiy /tij/ | tiy /tij/ | — | — | — | té /te/ |
| Coffee | kaphiy /kapʰij/ | — | kaphiy /kapʰij/ | — | café /kafe/ | — | kòfi /ˈkɔfi/ |
| Sugar | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | asukar /aˈsukaɾ/ | asukar /aˈsukar/ | — | azúcar /asukar/ | — | suku /ˈsuku/ |
| Ninety-nine | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /ˈisqun ˈtʃunka isqunniˈjuq/ | isqun chunka isqunniyuq /isqun tʃunka isqunnijuq/ | llätunka tunka llätunkani /ʎaːtunka tunka ʎaːtunkani/ | — | nobent'i nuebe /nobenti nwebe/ |
| Dopamine | dopamina /dopamina/ | — | — | — | — | — | dopamina /dopamina/ |
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