chiShona
Shona
Bantu
Shona (chiShona) is the most widely spoken Bantu language of Zimbabwe and one of the country's official languages, with significant communities in Mozambique, Zambia, and Botswana — total speakers around 11 million. Sister to Ndau, Manyika, Karanga, Zezuru, and Korekore varieties (sometimes treated as separate languages). Has a rich tradition of stone sculpture (the Great Zimbabwe ruins are a Shona civilization heritage site), mbira music, and oral literature including praise poetry (madetembedzo). Latin script; tone is phonemic but not marked in standard orthography.
Where it is spoken
87 core words in Shona
kkkk
Sources
- Shona Bible 1949, revised 2002 (SNA2002, bible.com 1960); en.wiktionary Shona lemmas (ropa, tema, nzeve, ziso, zai, moto, shanu, musoro, mwoyo, gomo, muromo, usiku, mvura, tsvuku, mupunga, ibwe, shuga, zuva, rurimi, bhuku, bhiza, imba, zana, simbi, mukaka, zino, muti, vhiri, chena); Hannan, M. 1959/1981, Standard Shona Dictionary (general reference, not consulted this round)
Words compared
Compared with languages in the same classification: Bantu
| Meaning | Shona | Manyika | Ndau | Sena | Tumbuka | Chewa | Zambian Tonga |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Water | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | mvura /mvuɾa/ | madzi /madzi/ | maji /madʒi/ | madzi /madzi/ | meenda /meːnda/ |
| Fire | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | muriro /muɾiɾo/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | moto /moto/ | mulilo /mulilo/ |
| Sun | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | zuva /zuva/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuŵa /zuβa/ | dzuwa /dzuwa/ | zuba /zuba/ |
| Moon | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwedzi /mwedzi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ | mwezi /mwezi/ |
| Star | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyeredzi /ɲeredzi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeɲezi/ | nyenyezi /ɲeˈɲezi/ |
| Night | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | usiku /usiku/ | busiku /busiku/ |
| Rain | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | mvura /mvura/ | vula /ˈvula/ | mvula /ˈmvula/ | imvula /imvula/ |
| Snow | sinoo /sinoː/ | — | chando /tʃando/ | neve /neve/ | chiwuvi /tʃiwuvi/ | chipale chofewa /tʃipale tʃofewa/ | caanda /tʃaːnda/ |
| Wind | mhepo /ˈmʱepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mhepo /mʰepo/ | mphepo /mpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | mphepo /ˈmpʰepo/ | muwo /muwo/ |
| Earth | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | ivhu /iβu/ | mataka /mataka/ | dongo /doŋɡo/ | dothi /ˈdotʰi/ | bulongo /buloŋɡo/ |
| Stone | ibwe /iˈɓwe/ | ibwe /iɓwe/ | buwe /buwe/ | mwala /mwala/ | libwe /liˈɓwe/ | mwala /ˈmwala/ | ibbwe /iˈbwe/ |
| Mountain | gomo /ˈɡomo/ | gomo /ɡomo/ | mutunhu /mutunʰu/ | phiri /pʰiri/ | phiri /pʰiɾi/ | phiri /ˈpʰiɾi/ | cilundu /tʃilundu/ |
| Sea | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | gungwa /ɡuŋɡwa/ | ruandhle /ruandɮe/ | bara /bara/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | nyanja /ɲandʒa/ | lwaanje /lwaːndʒe/ |
| Mother | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | amai /amai/ | mai /mai/ | amama /amama/ | amayi /amaji/ | bama /bama/ |
| Father | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | baba /baba/ | adada /adada/ | abambo /abambo/ | bataata /bataːta/ |
| Daughter | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mukunda /mukunda/ | mwanasikana /mwanasikana/ | mwana wankazi /mwana wankazi/ | mwana msungwana /mwana msuŋɡwana/ | mwana wamkazi /mwana wamkazi/ | mwana musimbi /mwana musimbi/ |
| I | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ini /ini/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ine /ine/ | ime /ime/ |
| You | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ | iwe /iwe/ |
| We | isu /isu/ | isu /isu/ | isusu /isusu/ | ife /ife/ | ise /ise/ | ife /ife/ | iswe /iswe/ |
| Name | zita /zita/ | zita /zita/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | zina /zina/ | dzina /dzina/ | izina /iˈziːna/ |
| Person | munhu /muˈnʱu/ | munhu /munʱu/ | munhu /munʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | munthu /muntʰu/ | muntu /muntu/ |
| Head | musoro /musoro/ | musoro /musoro/ | soro /soro/ | nsolo /nsolo/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutu /mutu/ | mutwe /mutwe/ |
| Eye | ziso /ziso/ | ziso /ziso/ | dziso /dziso/ | diso /diso/ | jiso /dʒiso/ | diso /diso/ | liso /liso/ |
| Ear | nzeve /nzeβe/ | nzeve /nzeve/ | nzee /nzee/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | khutu /kʰutu/ | kutwi /kutwi/ |
| Nose | mhino /mʱino/ | mhino /mʱino/ | miro /miro/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mpʰuno/ | mphuno /mˈpʰuno/ | impemo /impemo/ |
| Mouth | muromo /muˈromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | muromo /muromo/ | nkanwa /nkanwa/ | mlomo /m̩lomo/ | kamwa /ˈkamʷa/ | kanwa /kanwa/ |
| Tooth | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | zino /zino/ | dzino /dzino/ | jino /dʒino/ | dzino /dzino/ | linyo /liɲo/ |
| Tongue | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurimi /rurimi/ | rurumi /ɾuɾumi/ | lirimi /lirimi/ | lulimi /lulimi/ | lilime /lilime/ | mulaka /mulaka/ |
| Hand | ruoko /rwoko/ | ruoko /ɾwoko/ | nyara /ɲara/ | nkono /nkono/ | woko /woko/ | dzanja /dzandʒa/ | kuboko /kuboko/ |
| Foot | tsoka /tsoka/ | — | tsoka /tsoka/ | mwendo /mwendo/ | lundi /lundi/ | phazi /ˈpʰazí/ | cituta /tʃituta/ |
| Heart | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | mwoyo /mwojo/ | ntima /ntima/ | mtima /m̩tima/ | mtima /mtima/ | moyo /mojo/ |
| Bone | pfupa /pfupa/ | godo /ɡodo/ | godo /ɡodo/ | gogodo /ɡoɡodo/ | chiwangwa /tʃiwaŋɡwa/ | fupa /fupa/ | ifuwa /ifuwa/ |
| Blood | ropa /ropa/ | ropa /ropa/ | ngazi /ŋɡazi/ | malopa /malopa/ | ndopa /ndopa/ | magazi /maɡazi/ | bulowa /bulowa/ |
| Poop | tsvina /tsvina/ | tsvina /tsvina/ | matuzvi /matuzvi/ | matubzwi /matubzwi/ | mavi /mavi/ | matuvi /matuvi/ | tubi /tubi/ |
| Love | rudo /rudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | rudo /ɾudo/ | kufuna /kufuna/ | kutemwa /kutemwa/ | chikondi /tʃikondi/ | luyando /lujando/ |
| Tree | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | muti /muti/ | khuni /kʰuni/ | mtengo /mteŋɡo/ | cisamu /tʃisamu/ |
| Dog | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | imbwa /imbwa/ | mbwa /mbwa/ | ncheŵe /ntʃeβe/ | galu /ɡalu/ | muvwa /muvwa/ |
| Cat | katsi /katsi/ | katsi /katsi/ | kiti /kiti/ | paka /paka/ | chona /tʃona/ | mphaka /mpʰaka/ | kaaze /kaːze/ |
| Fish | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | hove /hove/ | omba /omba/ | somba /somba/ | nsomba /nsomba/ | inswi /inswi/ |
| Bird | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | shiri /ʃiri/ | mbalame /mbalame/ | chiyuni /tʃijuni/ | mbalame /mɓaˈlame/ | kayuni /kajuni/ |
| Butterfly | shaveshave /ʃaveʃave/ | — | berepeswa /beɾepeswa/ | bemberuwa /bemberuwa/ | bulawura /bulawuɾa/ | gulugufe /ɡuluˈɡufe/ | inkoonkolekwa /iŋkoːŋkolekwa/ |
| Egg | zai /zai/ | zai /zai/ | zanda /zanda/ | dzai /dzai/ | sumbi /sumbi/ | dzira /dzira/ | iji /idʒi/ |
| Bear | bheya /bʱeja/ | — | bheya /bʱeja/ | urusu /urusu/ | — | — | bbeya /ˈbeja/ |
| Horse | bhiza /biza/ | bhiza /biza/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | kavalo /kavalo/ | hachi /hatʃi/ | hatchi /hatʃʰi/ | ibbiza /iˈbiza/ |
| House | imba /imba/ | mhatso /mhatso/ | mhatso /mʰatso/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | nyumba /ɲumba/ | ngʼanda /ŋanda/ |
| Milk | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | mukaka /mukaka/ | nkaka /nkaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mkaka /m̩kaka/ | mukupa /mukupa/ |
| Honey | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uci /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | uchi /utʃi/ | buci /butʃi/ |
| Salt | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | munyu /muɲu/ | mchere /m̩tʃere/ | mchere /mtʃere/ | munyo /muɲo/ |
| Wine | waini /waini/ | waini /waini/ | vhini /vini/ | vinyu /viɲu/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | vinyo /viɲo/ | waini /waini/ |
| Rice | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mpunga /mpuŋɡa/ | mupunga /mupuŋɡa/ |
| Chocolate | chokoreti /tʃokoreti/ | — | — | xokolati /ʃokolati/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | chokoleti /tʃokoleti/ | ccokoleti |
| Iron | simbi /ˈsimbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | simbi /simbi/ | utale /utale/ | chisulo /tʃiˈsulo/ | chitsulo /tʃiˈtsulo/ | butale /butale/ |
| Wheel | vhiri /viri/ | vhiri /βiri/ | vhiri /viɾi/ | roda /roda/ | khwiro /kʰwiro/ | gudumu /ɡudumu/ | ivwili /iˈvwili/ |
| Silk | sirika /sirika/ | siriki /siriki/ | sirika /siɾika/ | seda /seda/ | siliki /siliki/ | silika /silika/ | — |
| Book | bhuku /ˈɓuku/ | bhuku /buku/ | tsamba /tsamba/ | bukhu /bukʰu/ | buku /buku/ | buku /ˈbuku/ | ibbuku /iˈbuku/ |
| Eat | kudya /kudja/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudʒa/ | kudya /kudja/ | kurya /kuɾja/ | kudya /kudja/ | kulya /kulja/ |
| Drink | kunwa /kunwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kumwa /kumwa/ | kunywa /kuɲwa/ |
| Sleep | kurara /kuˈrara/ | rara /ˈraɾa/ | kuata /kuata/ | kugona /kuɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | kugona /kuˈɡona/ | koona /koːna/ |
| One | potsi /potsi/ | rimwe /ɾimwe/ | chimwe /tʃimwe/ | posi /posi/ | chimoza /tʃimoza/ | chimodzi /tʃimodzi/ | mwi /mwi/ |
| Two | piri /piri/ | piri /piri/ | piri /piɾi/ | piŵiri /piwiri/ | viŵiri /viβiɾi/ | awiri /awiri/ | bili /bili/ |
| Three | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | tatu /tatu/ | pitatu /pitatu/ | vitatu /vitatu/ | zitatu /zitatu/ | totatwe /totatwe/ |
| Four | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | ina /ina/ | pinai /pinai/ | vinayi /vinaji/ | zinayi /zinaji/ | ne /ne/ |
| Five | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | shanu /ʃanu/ | xanu /ʃanu/ | vinkhonde /viŋkʰonde/ | sanu /sanu/ | musanu /musanu/ |
| Hundred | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | dzana /dzana/ | zana /zana/ | zana /zana/ | mwaanda /mwaːnda/ |
| Hello | mhoro /mʱoro/ | makadii /makadiː/ | mhoroi /mhoɾoji/ | mwadzukabwanji /mwadzukabwandʒi/ | monire /moniɾe/ | moni /moni/ | mwabuka buti /mwabuka buti/ |
| Thank you | maita /maita/ | mazviita /mazviita/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | ndatenda /ndatenda/ | yewo /jewo/ | zikomo /zikomo/ | twalumba /twalumba/ |
| Good | chakanaka /tʃakanaka/ | kunaka /kunaka/ | kanaka /kanaka/ | nadidi /nadidi/ | chiweme /tʃiweme/ | chabwino /tʃabwino/ | kabotu /kabotu/ |
| New | itsva /itsva/ | itsva /itsva/ | tsva /tsva/ | ipsa /ipsa/ | chiphya /tʃipʰja/ | chatsopano /tʃatsopano/ | pya /pja/ |
| Red | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | tsvuku /tsvuku/ | funga /funɡa/ | swesi /swesi/ | chofiira /tʃofiːra/ | subila /subila/ |
| White | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | chena /tʃena/ | cena /tʃena/ | tuŵa /tuβa/ | yoyera /joˈjeɾa/ | salala /salala/ |
| Black | tema /tema/ | tema /tema/ | svipa /svipa/ | psipa /psipa/ | fipa /fipa/ | chakuda /tʃakuda/ | siya /sija/ |
| Green | girini /ɡirini/ | — | — | — | biriŵiri /biɾiβiɾi/ | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ | — |
| Blue | bhuluu /buluː/ | — | — | — | bululu /bululu/ | wobiriwira /wobiriwira/ | — |
| Cuckoo | kukudza /kuˈkudza/ | — | — | — | — | — | — |
| Computer | kombiyuta /kombijuta/ | — | — | — | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kompyuta /kompjuta/ | kkompyuta /ˈkompjuta/ |
| Tea | tii /tiː/ | — | — | xaya /ʃaja/ | tiyi /tiji/ | tiyi /ˈtiji/ | tii /tiː/ |
| Coffee | kofi /kofi/ | — | khofi /kʰofi/ | kafe /kafe/ | khofi /kʰofi/ | kofi /kofi/ | kkofi /ˈkofi/ |
| Sugar | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | — | sikiri /sikiɾi/ | xuka /ʃuka/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | shuga /ʃuɡa/ | syuga /sjuɡa/ |
| Orange | ranjisi /randʒisi/ | — | — | laranja /larandʒa/ | olenji /olendʒi/ | lalanje /lalandʒe/ | — |
| Ninety-nine | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe namapfumbamwe/ | makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe /makumi mapfumbamwe nepfumbamwe/ | makumapfemba na mapfemba /makumapfemba na mapfemba/ | makhumi ghankhonde na ghanayi na vinkhonde na vinayi /makʰumi ɣaŋkʰonde na ɣanaji na viŋkʰonde na vinaji/ | makumi asanu ndi anayi mphambu zisanu ndi zinayi /makumi asanu ndi anaji mpʰambu zisanu ndi zinaji/ | makumi aali fuka afuka /makumi aːli fuka afuka/ |
| Internet laughter | kkkk | — | — | — | — | — | — |
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